Building information model is a new technology, which pushes the information technology of construction industry to a new height. Its comprehensive application will have an inestimable impact on the scientific and technological progress of the construction industry and greatly improve the integration of construction projects. In order to conform to the development of international design trends and keep up with the pace of technological progress, Beijing Institute of Architectural Design and Research has discussed the application of this technology in spatial structure design and put forward a preliminary plan. 1 The existing design method is insufficient. 1. 1 cannot guarantee the consistency, accuracy and completeness of the design data. After introducing CAD (Computer Aided Design), CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing), CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) into spatial structure design, a large number of electronic drawings have been produced. These electronic drawings are scattered in the computers of all design participants, which leads to difficulties in electronic drawings query, low appreciation, slow data transmission and low utilization rate, and these documents are often destroyed or lost for various reasons, which has great security and quality hidden dangers. The disadvantage of this method is that (1) can't guarantee the consistency, accuracy and completeness of design and construction data, because after implementing technologies such as CAD, CAM, CAE and ERP, construction enterprises exchange a large number of paper drawings and documents with each other, which seriously hinders information sharing and communication. Moreover, these drawings and documents are hand-made by all participants, and there are still problems such as mistakes and omissions, which bring great security risks to future work. (2) The integration and data sharing of various application systems within the design team cannot be realized. Resulting in the information island being in a state of separation and fragmentation. This brings great inconvenience to the unified information management, information sharing and communication of construction enterprises. 1.2 A lot of repetitive work is time-consuming and laborious, lacking the spatial structure for inheriting and utilizing the existing work. Even if there are more innovations, most of its work is still repetitive work on the basis of inheriting predecessors. In the traditional design stage, the standard drawing method is generally adopted to reduce the repetitive work of designers. However, due to the scattered drawings, the trouble of local modification and the difficulty of size change, these problems have always been the bottleneck of standard drawing reference. In the CAD design stage, repetitive design work is completed by copying, and then some tools based on parametric design are developed, which can design similar geometric topologies with variable dimensions. However, these tools are not connected to the database, so a lot of calculation information can not be obtained, and the graphics are not three-dimensional entities, so it is impossible to carry out various inspections. 1.3 can't share data with all kinds of programs, and realize the timely exchange of professional data. When designing space structures, many special softwares are needed, such as node design checking, bolt design, bearing design, dynamic elastic-plastic analysis, structural assembly analysis, structural wind engineering research, structural analysis under uneven temperature field, etc. In the CAD design stage, the data exchange channel is often not smooth, which makes many tasks very time-consuming. 1.4 cannot guarantee the consistency, accuracy and completeness of design, construction and post-management data. At present, the drawings of design units cannot realize the data integration and data sharing of various application systems in the construction process. In fact, many design companies have no data channels in their information systems and CAE, CAM, ERP systems, and the engineers of construction companies still need to spend a lot of work energy on the processing of design results, such as: construction process budget, statistical progress, classification and summary of drawings, statistics of various working hours and expenses, summary of reports required for production, etc. In addition, the product design BOM and process design BOM of many enterprises can not be automatically generated by CAD and CAM systems, and there are still a lot of manual labor and repeated input. This is because the information channels of spatial structure technologies such as CAD, CAM and ERP are not smooth. At present, most applications are scattered and isolated single applications, which do not have the ability to integrate with each other and cannot realize the automatic transmission and exchange of information between systems. In this way, every link from design, construction to post-management has formed an information island, which brings great inconvenience to the unified management, information sharing and exchange of the whole cycle of spatial structure. Therefore, only the information integration of design units and the isolated informatization of design, construction and use units, rather than the overall informatization of the whole life cycle of spatial structure, can not enjoy the benefits brought by the whole cycle informatization. 2 Background of choosing development platform In recent years, the Complex Structure Research Institute of Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute, on the basis of data collection, investigation and learning from brother units, has made preliminary scheme analysis and conceptual design after careful research, determined the functional objectives of the scheme, and planned the spatial structure of building information modeling (SPBIM) on the basis of functional research on Revit. The first task of establishing spatial structure information model is to select the platform. At present, there are four kinds of mature software that can be developed as spatial structure building information system: Revit series software of Autodesk company, Bentley series software of Bentley engineering software company, ArchiCAD software of Graphisoft company and ALLPLAN software of Nemetschek company. Among them, the ArchiCAD software of Graphisoft company is mainly oriented to architectural design, and its scope is relatively narrow. Software products for other majors need to be inserted into other companies' software, which has certain limitations. Based on the software currently used in our institute and the investigation results of the above four kinds of three-dimensional solid modeling and drawing software, we decided to choose Revit of Autodesk Company as the platform for building information model design. After years of painstaking efforts, Autodesk Company has formed a series of software products such as architectural engineering planning, reading design documents and enjoying websites. Especially after the acquisition of Revit and NavisWorks products, it wants to extend the application of BIM technology to the middle and lower reaches of the construction industry, that is, the construction and property management stages, until the end of the building life cycle. The main products are: Revit Architecture, Revit Structure, RevitMEP, AutoCAD Civil 3D, Autodesk NavisWorks, Autodesk Buzzsaw, etc. Revit integrates building information in the form of CentralProject database. 3 SPBIM Introduction The Spatial Structure Building Information Model System (SPBIM) has the following characteristics. 3. The parameter design of1is the inheritance of the previous work. Now with the development of electronic information technology, engineers can focus on innovation, and most of the work in a project is done by predecessors. The rods and nodes of a spatial structure are defined as families. When all families are involved, just define similar components and fill in the relevant data in the dialog box to form a three-dimensional graph. The graph is automatically stored in the database after it is formed. Through the connection between database and graphics software, the three-dimensional graphics of buildings can be displayed on the computer screen, the three-dimensional graphics can be quickly projected onto the two-dimensional plane through information technology, and the database can be modified through the dialog box, thus completing the modification of the model, and the modified information can be reflected in the three-dimensional model in real time. That is, as long as the data is modified, the graphics can be automatically modified, and the two-dimensional drawings reflected on each projection plane can also be modified in real time. In other words, BIM can provide a simple and convenient modeling method for designers. At the same time, this method has the function of three-dimensional graphics, which enables designers to observe their own design works intuitively and provides a convenient means for modifying this digital model. The whole building model and the whole set of design documents are stored in an integrated database, and all the contents are parameterized and interrelated. Parametric modeling is very important for BIM, because this technology produces coordinated, internally consistent and operable building information, which is the core feature of BIM. If the CAD solution is used, the plane expression of information (graphics or renderings) looks similar to the output form of parametric building model tools, but the essence is quite different. In contrast, parametric building modeling tools can easily coordinate all graphical and non-graphical data-all views, drawings, tables, etc. Because they are all views under the database. Taking the grid as an example, when the grid is optimized, the members will change and can be written into a new database to form a new entity. The model saves this data relationship and all members will be updated. If a single component moves, it will automatically move in all views and drawings where it appears, and all related dimensions will be corrected. The inherent two-way connection and immediacy of parameter modeling, as well as the comprehensive transmission of changes, bring high-quality, coordinated and reliable models, which make the process of data-based design, analysis and documentation more convenient. In the building information model, the building component is not only a virtual visual component, but also can simulate some non-geometric properties besides geometric shape, such as fire resistance rating of materials, heat transfer coefficient of materials, cost of components, purchasing information, weight, stress status and so on. The basic component element in Revit is called family, which is parameterized, including not only physical information, but also functional information and so on. The parameters of this beam family include description parameters, spatial position parameters, physical parameters, identification parameters, material parameters, stress analysis model and so on. These parameter information are stored in the form of database with the component family as the carrier, and can run through the whole project cycle. BIM software carries out three-dimensional modeling based on data association technology. After the model is established, all kinds of plane, elevation and section two-dimensional drawings can be generated at will. It is not necessary to draw the plan at one time, and then draw the elevation view and the section view separately, thus avoiding the inconsistency between different views. Create a real-time and consistent association between engineering data, and any changes in the data in the database can be immediately reflected in other related locations. That is to say, as long as any drawing is modified, such as the floor plan, the relevant modifications can be immediately expressed on the related drawings such as elevation, section, effect drawing and detailed statistical table to prevent the drawings from being inconsistent. This can reduce the errors caused by design, improve the work efficiency of the project and ensure the quality of the project. In Revit, components are automatically updated when parameters change. As long as the beam height h and beam width b in the parameters are changed, the beam will automatically change in plan view, elevation view and three-dimensional view.
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