Santiago Calatrava is one of the most famous innovative architects in the world, and he is also a controversial architect. Santiago Calatrava is famous for its bridge structural design and artistic architecture. He designed bridges in Venice, Dublin, Manchester and Barcelona, as well as railway stations in Lyon, Lisbon and Zurich. The latest work is the famous main stadium of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.
Second, the pursuit of internal and external coordination and unity: I.M. Pei
I.M. Pei, an American Chinese, is a world-famous architect. He designed Beijing Xiangshan Hotel, Bank of China Headquarters Building and Bank of China Building for China. Cooperate with China Institute of Building Science to cultivate and train architectural designers for China and make important contributions to promoting architectural modernization in China.
Many large-scale buildings designed by him are spread all over the world, among which the East Pavilion of the National Art Museum in Washington, the expansion project of the Louvre in Paris, and the building of the Hong Kong branch of the Bank of China have left classic masterpieces in the history of world architecture. The headquarters building of China Bank, which was completed in Beijing from 65438 to 0999, was the last large-scale architectural design project in Pei's architectural design career. It took seven years, and every brick, tree, water and stone of the building condensed his hard work. There is a garden in the building, which looks like a quadrangle in Beijing. The black stone collected from Yunnan Stone Forest in the pool is evenly distributed, and the bamboo forests on both sides set each other off, which makes the traditional design technique of China very accurate in spatial organization.
Three crazy architects: Antonio Gaudi
Antoinio gaudi (1852- 1926), a Spanish architect, is a representative of the plastic architecture school and belongs to the modernist architectural style. Gaudi studied at Barcelona Provincial Institute of Architecture. After graduation, his early works were similar to the gorgeous Victorian style, and later he adopted the historical style, which is the mainstream of Gothic revival. Gaudi's first major project was to complete the Sacred Family Church (1883-still under construction), which is a building with great personality and appeal (Gaudi only completed one ear hall and one of the four towers when he died), Mira apartment, bartholomew apartment (also known as bartholomew House), Jill chapel and Gouel Park.
Four masters of deconstruction: Zaha. Hatid
Hadid is a legend in architecture. Some people say that she is crazy, some people say that she is a heretic, and of course some people say that she is a maverick architect. In any case, Hadid is known as the best "deconstructionist master" in the world today. Hadid led her team to win many world-class architectural design competitions: a twisted office building in Milan, Italy, a university and conference building in Barcelona, Spain, an opera house in Guangzhou, China, Strasbourg Power Station in Germany, the Art Museum in Copenhagen, Denmark, the Art Museum in Cincinnati, USA, and the 20 12 Olympic Games in London Water Sports Center. In 2004, Hadid won the Pritzker Architecture Award, the "Oscar Award in Architecture", becoming the first woman to win the highest honorary architecture award in the world.
Five talents combining art and wisdom: Tadao Ando, a world architect.
Tadao Ando, who lives and works in Osaka, Japan, was nominated for the 18 Pritzker Architecture Award at the age of 53. Jay A Plic, chairman of Heya Foundation, quoted the description of the judging panel as saying: "Ando's architecture is a combination of space, shape and technology ... both applicable and inspiring ... Throughout his architectural career, it is impossible to predict his future."
The standard-bearer of modern architecture: le corbusier.
Le corbusier (1887.10.6-1965.8.27): the most famous architect, urban planner and writer in the 20th century. He is a radical and leader of modern architectural movement and is called "the standard bearer of modern architecture". He, walter gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (formerly Maria Ludwig Michael) and Frank Lloyd Wright are called the main representatives of modern architecture or international architecture.
Master of Arts and Architecture: John? Jorn Utzon
Wu Zhong was born in Denmark 19 18, and used to be an excellent sailor. Until 18 years old, he was still considering becoming a naval officer. 1942 graduated from art colleges. After the outbreak of World War II, he fled to Sweden and worked as a clerk in an architectural studio there. Later, I went to Finland to work with alvar aalto. In the next ten years, he went to many places, such as China, Japanese, Mexican, American, Indian and Australian. The last place he went became the main factor affecting his life. )
The legend of Sydney Opera House began at 1957. Wu Zhong, a 38-year-old architect, has only practiced in Denmark once. He took part in an anonymous competition: an opera house on a small piece of land. His scheme was selected by the competition judges from 230 contestants from more than 30 countries. At that time, the media called it "three groups of shell-shaped concrete vaults covered with white porcelain tiles". The building is huge, including concert hall, opera hall, theater, rehearsal hall and many exhibition venues and facilities. The building area is 8000 square meters. This building was not completed until 1973, which took 14 years and cost $654.38+200 million. Its structural design is more difficult than ever. During this period, after numerous designers' designs, the masterpiece was born by making a sphere out of concrete and then modifying and restoring it.
Alvar aalto, an advocate of humanized architecture theory.
Aalto1was born in KuOrtane, Finland on February 3rd, 898. 192 1 graduated from Helsinki Institute of Technology, majoring in architecture. Since 1923, architectural firms have been established in Yuvesquele and Turku, Finland. 1924, he designed several cafes and student centers for the school, and designed complete sets of dormitory furniture for students, mainly adopting the "neoclassical" design style. In the same year, he married designer Aino Marciaux and conducted five years of wood bending experiments, which led to the revolutionary design of alvar aalto in 1930s.
Nine bold innovations and breakthroughs: renzo piano.
1937 September, renzo piano was born in a family of construction workers in Genoa. 1964, piano obtained a degree in architecture from Milan University of Science and Technology, and began his permanent career as an architect. He was first employed by Louis Kahn Studio in Philadelphia and Macovschi Studio in London, and then set up his own studio in Genoa. There, he began a series of experimental designs: oil refinery, exhibition hall, multi-functional hospital and so on. Although piano was deeply influenced by many architects' works, he was a maverick from the beginning of his debut, never sticking to the rules and picking up wisdom, and always preferred open design and natural lighting effects
197 1 year, an engineer suggested that piano and Rogers cooperate to participate in the international competition of Pompidou Center, and they finally won the competition. Lively, beautiful and colorful passages, together with crystal clear and winding elevators, make Pompidou Center one of the recognized landmark buildings in Paris. Since the Pompidou project, piano has won the world reputation for its well-defined architectural drawings. Japan, Germany, Italy and France all have his bold commercial and public building projects, and the museums he designed are far behind.
The representative figure of "High-tech School": norman foster.
Norman foster, one of the most outstanding architects in the world, is known as the representative of "high-tech school" and the winner of 2 1 Pulitzer Prize for Architecture. Norman foster particularly emphasized the coexistence of human beings and nature, rather than the conflict with each other, emphasized the need to learn from past cultural forms, and advocated those architectural ways that meet the needs of human life forms. He believes that architecture should give people a sense of emphasis, a dramatic effect and bring peace.
He was born in Manchester, 1935. 196 1 After graduating from the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Manchester University, he was awarded the Henry Scholarship of Yale University and studied at Jonathan Edwards College with a master's degree in architecture. From 65438 to 0967, Foster established his own company. Up to now, his projects have spread all over the world, winning more than 190 awards and winning 50 domestic and international design competitions. Because of his outstanding achievements in architecture, norman foster won the Royal Gold Medal in 1983, was knighted in 1990, was included in the list of outstanding figures by the Queen in 1997, and was made a life-long aristocrat in 1999, becoming a Lord on the Thames.
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