First, analysis of vocational training in Yanbian Prefecture
At present, there are 1 13 training institutions approved by the human and social departments in our state, including 17 institutions and 6 technical colleges. Among them, 57 were appointed to undertake the task of quality training for workers in Quanzhou, and the rest were mostly socialized training. Training majors (types of work) focus on Chinese chefs, Chinese pastry chefs, computer operators, welders, beauticians, hairdressers, manicurists, masseurs, auto mechanics, home appliance mechanics and other general types of work. The national unified appraisal of new vocational training mainly focuses on a few occupations (jobs) such as psychological counselors, enterprise planners, secretaries, public nutritionists, vocational instructors and enterprise human resources managers.
In terms of quantity, there are relatively many prefectures, Yanji, Dunhua, Wangqing and Hunchun, and there are few other counties and cities, including 32 prefectures, 33 Yanji, 18 Dunhua, 12 Wangqing, 9 Hunchun and 2-3 other counties (cities), and the regional development is unbalanced.
In terms of scale, most vocational training institutions recruit students locally, and the number of students is quite limited, which seriously restricts the expansion of training scale.
Judging from the training occupation (type of work), nearly half of the training institutions are relatively simple and close to saturation, and only a few training institutions carry out training in new occupations, so the employment prospects are uncertain.
Judging from the level of appraisal, most of them are concentrated in the primary and intermediate levels, and there are few senior workers, technicians and even senior technicians.
From the perspective of internal management, there is a lack of long-term planning and investment is not enough to maintain the status quo. Archives are not perfect, enrollment and employment are not standardized, teachers are lacking, contract performance ability is not strong, and contradictions and disputes occur from time to time.
From the employment point of view, most of the trainees in our state are working abroad, working in other provinces and cities, with more loss and less introduction.
From the perspective of development prospects, the number of training institutions in our state has decreased from 146 in 20 12 to13 today, and some of them only retain their qualifications, unable to enroll students and teach, and are on the verge of bankruptcy.
From the perspective of supervision and management, it still stays in the man-to-man mode in the past, with few professionals, low degree of informatization, low utilization rate of electronic monitoring equipment and inadequate business inspection guidance.
To sum up, the total number of institutions is small, the scale is small, the operation mode is outdated, the management means are extensive, the investment mechanism is imperfect, and the employment effect is not obvious.
There are many reasons for these problems, both institutional factors and conceptual differences. Practically speaking, through the quality training of workers carried out in these years, a large number of workers have embarked on new employment and entrepreneurship posts, which has played a huge irreplaceable role in promoting economic development, social harmony and stability and improving the quality of life of workers in our state. However, with the adjustment of economic structure and the upgrading of industrial structure, vocational training based on the traditional extensive planned economy is seriously asymmetrical, which does not meet the needs of modern intensive market and enterprises. Show in:
1. As a designated training institution, it should have the keen ability to capture the market and make corresponding changes and adjustments in the face of the massive loss of students, increasingly strict capital management and changing enterprise and market demands. However, due to the influence of traditional thinking habits and limited vision, it still sticks to its inherent concept and operation mode, causing confusion.
2. As an enterprise, we can't find the needed skilled talents and enjoy good policies. You can only hire or train skilled talents with your own money, which leads to confusion.
3. As a training supervision department, in the past, as long as it can complete the tasks assigned by the superior, it can use any method, and even invite people to participate in the training at their own expense. There is no mandatory task now, and there is confusion about how to do it, what to do and how much to do it.
4. As a laborer with training needs, on the one hand, because there are no training posts, it is impossible to increase employment or higher-quality employment through learning skills; On the other hand, some training work is between employment and improving the quality of life skills, such as car driving and computer operation, and the role of life skills is even greater than employment, leading to confusion.
To solve these problems and puzzles, in the final analysis, two questions must be answered. First, do it or not? The second is how to do it?
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, as well as the State Council's reform policies and measures, clearly put forward the idea of establishing a lifelong vocational training system and exploring the ideas and methods for the government to purchase services. The development of local economy, the needs of enterprises and society, the wishes of the masses and the responsibilities of departments all require comrades engaged in training to establish a lofty sense of responsibility and mission and carry out their work in a down-to-earth manner. The bidding method of vocational training projects is to solve the problem of how to do it. It was formed on the basis of summarizing the practical experience of training work in our state for many years, including painful lessons, and drawing on the experience of other provinces and cities.
Second, change ideas, adjust ideas, and really solve the problem of how to do actual combat training from ideological action.
The first is to adjust the working ideas. It is to abandon the training that was conducted regardless of employment needs in the past, complete the task indicators assigned by superiors, and obtain political achievements and benefits. Further improve the vocational training system for all workers, improve the working mechanism of employment skills training, job skills upgrading training and entrepreneurship training, so that every worker has the opportunity to receive employment skills training, so that every enterprise employee can get skills upgrading training, so that every entrepreneur can participate in entrepreneurship training. Do a good job in the post demand survey and employment survey of trainers to judge the training effect and the efficiency of fund use. Improve the government vocational training subsidy system, improve the efficiency of the use of subsidy funds, and give play to the incentive and guiding role of government subsidies.
The second is to adhere to employment guidance and training. Adhere to the purpose of improving the ability of employment and entrepreneurship and transferring employment, all around employment, all for employment, all for employment, and no training without employment. Carry out the employment-oriented training mode. Fully implement school-enterprise cooperation, innovate training methods, and guide vocational colleges, enterprises and vocational training institutions to vigorously carry out order-based, orientation and fixed-position training. Strengthen practical training and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of training.
For training institutions with good training quality and high employment success rate, in addition to commending and rewarding, they also give support in policies, projects and funds, encourage and guide them to expand the scale of vocational training, and form the industrialization and integration of vocational training. Give necessary integration to small training institutions with similar training occupations (jobs) and sluggish operation. Private vocational training institutions with narrow vision and only paying attention to economic benefits while ignoring training quality and school-running norms will be resolutely banned. Scientifically setting up occupations (posts) should not only focus on general posts, but also strive to improve the level of vocational training and employment.
The third is to standardize training behavior. According to the requirements of "five unifications" (unifying training conditions; Unified file binding mode; Unified training process; Unified does not provide training positions; Unified training subsidy standards), to further standardize the training behavior.
Vigorously improve the teaching level of vocational training teachers. It is necessary to introduce and employ outstanding talents from all walks of life to engage in vocational training. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the knowledge updating and training of existing training teachers and strive to improve their own quality. It is necessary to improve the salary level and welfare benefits of teachers engaged in vocational training, so that teachers engaged in vocational training teaching tasks have a sense of superiority, can teach with peace of mind, and can impart professional knowledge and professional ability to students as much as possible.
It is strictly forbidden to go beyond the scope and expand the scale for training without authorization. Implement dynamic supervision of training institutions. Once the violation of discipline and law is found, the training qualification will be cancelled immediately, and the subsidy funds obtained from violation of discipline and law will be recovered and handed over to the relevant departments for handling according to discipline and law.
Fourth, strict training procedures. Do it in strict accordance with the workflow stipulated in the bidding method for vocational training projects. Seriously organize experts to conduct a rigorous assessment and publicize it to the public. Strictly review the application materials for starting classes. Mainly review the class opening plan, curriculum arrangement and training teacher roster. Strengthen the supervision of the training process. Strengthen the social supervision of the training of designated training institutions by setting up public telephones and online comments. Improve the daily management system such as regular inspection and random inspection. Adhere to the employment information vocational training management platform, implement real-name management for trainees, implement dynamic management for training institutions, strengthen the verification of repeated information of trainees, and prevent illegal acts such as taking the initiative and applying for subsidies repeatedly. Conduct training effect evaluation. Regularly analyze the effect of vocational training, correctly judge the situation of vocational training and study countermeasures.
Three, the government to buy training results is an effective way to solve the inefficiency of training.
The bidding methods of vocational training projects are extensive, covering the whole training process. There are two cores to understand and grasp this method completely and accurately: First, the principles of justice, fairness and openness are applicable to all training institutions in the state that meet the training conditions, breaking the boundaries of past geographical divisions. The second is the principle of training and employment. The purpose, motivation, content and methods of training are all around employment. Whether it is the employment demand survey before training, the teaching practice during training, or the employment recommendation after training, the principle of giving priority to employment is always implemented.
The bidding method of vocational training projects requires and urges the professional setting of vocational schools to be closely integrated with the demand of labor market, and the teaching content should be connected with the national vocational standards. By strengthening management, guiding training schools to set and adjust majors according to market demand, highlighting school-running characteristics, improving practical teaching links, constantly strengthening the cultivation of students' practical ability and practical operation skills, broadening employment channels and enhancing the employability of workers. Helps achieve the following changes:
1, change from plan to market in concept, and solve the training purpose. The job demand forces the training type and job setting, the training direction is consistent with the labor demand, and the students are connected with the employer. Effectively solve the problem of who to do.
2. Means change from extensive management to fine management. Management is more scientific. Give private training institutions a level playing field. Establish a competitive mechanism to eliminate the influence of human factors. Break regional boundaries and promote the rational flow and optimization of training resources. Achieve win-win economic and social benefits, and meet the diversity of needs to the maximum extent.
3. The system changed from disorder to order. Change the past to focus only on training needs and ignore employment needs; Only pay attention to the quantity of training, ignoring the quality of training; Only pay attention to capital investment and ignore the success rate of employment. Effectively solve the problems of high training resources, low level and repeated circulation, but low efficiency in the use of funds and low employment success rate. Really embark on a virtuous circle of "cultivating a person and getting a job".
We must be soberly aware that bidding for vocational training projects is only an important way for the government to purchase employment training services, and there are still many imperfections. Therefore, in the training practice, it is necessary to constantly improve the mechanism of government purchasing employment training services, innovate the path of multi-subjects participating in government purchasing employment training services, and effectively improve the effect of government purchasing employment training services.