16 16 years, Nuerhachi, the leader of the Jurchen Department of Jianzhou, established the late Jin Dynasty. 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to Daqing.
1644, Dashun captured Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, and Wu Sangui, the general of the Ming Dynasty stationed in Shanhaiguan, was sent to Qing Dynasty. Regent Dourgen led the Qing army into the customs, and the emperor shunzhi moved the capital to Beijing in the same year. Since then, the Qing Dynasty has replaced the Ming Dynasty as the national ruler.
Militarily, in the following twenty years, the forces of Dashun, Daxi and Nanming were put down. Later, the rebellion in San Francisco was pacified, Zheng Taiwan Province Province was unified, and the whole country was gradually controlled.
After the Opium War, it was invaded by foreign powers and its sovereignty and territory were seriously lost. It also began the exploration of modernization and started the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China further deepened the national crisis, and the late Qing Dynasty was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
19 1 1 year, the revolution of 1911 broke out and the Qing dynasty collapsed. 19 12 February 12 On February 2, Yuan Shikai, a northern warlord, forced the late Qing emperor Puyi to abdicate, and the Jade Dragon Queen accepted the preferential terms, and the Qing emperor issued a letter of abdication, thus ending the Qing Dynasty.
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Follow-up:
1 91265438+1October1,the Republic of China was proclaimed in Nanjing, where Sun Yat-sen became the interim president. On February 65, 438+02, Yuan Shikai forced Puyi, the emperor of Xuan Tong, to issue a letter of abdication and hand over power to Yuan Shikai's government, and the Qing Dynasty perished.
According to the Preferential Conditions of Qing Palace, members of Qing Palace can continue to live in the Forbidden City, and their titles, treatment and titles in the imperial court remain unchanged. They keep eunuchs, guards and maids-in-waiting, as well as the internal affairs office, the Zongren office and the punishments department. They are still lonely, being given titles by officials, maintaining an imperial demeanor, and competing with the government of the Republic of China, just like a country within a country.
19 17 Zhang Xun organized the Braid Army to support Xuan Tong Emperor Puyi in Beijing to restore the Qing Dynasty, but it only lasted 12 days. 1924165438+1On October 5, Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang, and the title of emperor was officially abolished, and he was still honored as emperor by some old ministers in the Qing Dynasty.
Up to now, the miniature small imperial courts still remain in Shichahai, Bird, Jingyuan and other places of residence in Beiping, which are called "the small imperial courts in the post-Xun and Qing dynasties" in history.
The Japanese occupied the northeast of China in the September 18th Incident, supported Puyi to establish the puppet Manchukuo in 1932, and finally perished with the August storm of the Soviet Union in 1945.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty