The so-called MIS (Management Information System) system, the modern management information system is a comprehensive man-machine system which is people-oriented, uses computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment to collect, transmit, process, store, update and maintain information, aims at strategic competition, improves efficiency and effectiveness, and supports high-level decision-making, middle-level control and grass-roots operation of enterprises. It is a new science, and its main task is to make full use of modern computer and network communication technology to strengthen enterprise information management. Through the investigation and understanding of the human, material, financial, equipment, technology and other resources owned by the enterprise, the correct data are established, processed into various information materials and provided to managers in time, so as to make correct decisions and continuously improve the management level and economic benefits of the enterprise. At present, enterprise computer network has become an important means for enterprises to carry out technological transformation and improve management level.
With the integration of China and the world information expressway, the information obtained by enterprises through computer networks will bring huge economic and social benefits to enterprises, and the office and management of enterprises will develop in an efficient, fast and paperless direction. MIS system is usually used for system decision-making. For example, it can be used to find the problems that need to be solved urgently and feed back the information to the upper management in time, so that they can know the progress or deficiency of the current work. In other words, the ultimate goal of MIS system is to let managers know the current situation of the company in time and grasp the future development path.
[Edit this paragraph] Management information system content
A complete MIS should include: decision support system (DSS), industrial control system (CCS), office automation system (OA), database, model base, method base, knowledge base and interface for exchanging information with superior departments and the outside world. Among them, especially office automation system (OA) and information exchange with higher authorities and the outside world are inseparable from the application of Intranet. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS is inseparable from Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet must depend on the system structure and software and hardware environment of MIS.
The core of traditional m is system is CS (Client/Server-Client/Server) architecture, while the core of Internet-based MIS system is BS (Browser/Server-Browser/Server) architecture. BS architecture has great advantages over CS architecture. The traditional MIS system depends on the special operating environment, which means that the operator's activity space is greatly limited. The BS architecture does not need a special running environment. Anywhere, as long as you have access to the Internet, you can operate the MIS system. The difference between good and bad is self-evident.
[Edit this paragraph] Features of Management Information System
A perfect management information system has the following four standards: clear information demand, information acquisition and processing, providing information for managers through procedures and management information. Unified planning database is an important symbol of the maturity of management information system, which indicates that management information system is the product of software engineering. Information appreciation is realized by MIS, and data are statistically analyzed by mathematical model to realize auxiliary decision. MIS develops and changes, and MIS has a life cycle.
The development of management information system must have a certain scientific management foundation. Only on the basis of reasonable management system, perfect rules and regulations, stable production order, scientific management methods and accurate original data can the development of MIS be carried out. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of MIS development, enterprise management must gradually improve the following work: (1) Management work is programmed, and all departments have corresponding operation processes; The standardization of management business, each department has corresponding operating norms; Unified report documents, fixed content, time limit and format; Perfection and coding of data.
[Edit this paragraph] Management Information Systems Division
1. Division based on organizational function
MIS can be divided into office system, decision-making system, production system and information system according to organizational functions.
2. Division based on information processing level.
According to the information processing level, MIS is divided into quantity-oriented execution system, value-oriented accounting system, report monitoring system, analysis information system and planning decision-making system, forming an information pyramid from bottom to top.
3. Division based on historical development
The first generation of MIS was operated by hand, and the tools used were filing cabinets and notebooks. The second generation of MIS added mechanical auxiliary office equipment, such as typewriter, cash register, automatic bookkeeping machine, etc. The third generation management information system uses computers, telexes, telephones, printers and other electronic equipment.
4. Division based on scale
With the rapid development of telecommunication technology and computer technology, the geographical division of modern management information system has gradually shifted from local scope to large scope.
5.5 integrated structure. Management information system
Management information system can be divided into horizontal integrated structure and vertical integrated structure. Horizontal comprehensive structure refers to the integration of various functional departments at the same management level, such as labor and personnel departments. Vertical comprehensive structure refers to business organizations at all management levels with certain functions, such as corresponding departments at higher and lower levels.
[Edit this paragraph] Development principles of management information system
Innovate the principle and embody the advanced nature. With the rapid development of computer technology, it is necessary to understand and apply new technologies in time to make the target system make a qualitative leap over the original system.
Overall principle, reflecting the integrity. Enterprise management can be understood as a reasonable' closed loop' system. The target system should be the perfection of this' closed loop' system. The complete realization of computer management in an enterprise does not necessarily need to be realized in all aspects of the enterprise at the same time, but all aspects of the system must be designed completely.
The principle of continuous development embodies the advanced nature. In order to improve the utilization rate and effectively play the role of management information system, we should pay attention to the development of technology and the change of environment. In the process of MIS development, we should pay attention to sustainable development and advanced consciousness.
Economic principles, reflecting practicality. Magnitude, completeness and sophistication are not the criteria for successful management of information systems. In fact, many failed management information systems just ignore its practicability because of blind pursuit of high technology. Blind pursuit of perfect MIS ignores the technical level, management level and personnel quality of the unit.
[Edit this paragraph] Development mode of management information system
The development methods of MIS include self-development, commissioned development, joint development and purchasing ready-made software packages for secondary development. Generally speaking, it depends on the technical strength, resources and external environment of the enterprise.
[Edit this paragraph] Development strategy of management information system
Unfeasible development method: organizational structure method, which mechanically divides the system according to the existing organizational structure, regardless of the development principle of MIS.
Database method, developers develop existing systems from database design.
Imagination system development, developers develop based on the imagination of existing systems.
Feasible development methods: top-down, design from the whole enterprise management, gradually from abstract to concrete, from overall design to detailed design, reflecting structured design ideas. From bottom to top, each component of the system is designed, and the whole system is composed of building blocks. The disadvantage is that the organic connection of system components is ignored.
The combination of the two is a common method in the actual development process. Through the analysis of the system, the logical model of the system is obtained, and then the optimal physical model is obtained from the logical model. This spiral cycle optimization design mode of logical model and physical model embodies the design idea of combining top-down and bottom-up
[Edit this paragraph] Development method of management information system
A complete and practical document is a sign of successful MIS. The development process of science begins with feasibility study and goes through the main stages of system analysis, system design and system implementation. There must be documents and materials in each stage, which will be constantly improved and enriched in the development process. There are two development methods currently used:
1. waterfall model (life cycle method)
Waterfall model is used to simulate structural analysis, structural design and structural planning (SA-SD-SP method for short). The work in each stage is carried out from top to bottom, from abstract to concrete. Waterfall model means that there is a strict order and interdependence between the stages of life cycle. Waterfall model is the main means of early MIS design.
2. Rapid prototyping method (object-oriented method)
Rapid prototyping method, also known as object-oriented method, is a new design method for the defects of (SA-SD-SP) to adapt to the progress of computer technology and the sharp increase of software requirements in recent years. It is a fast, flexible and interactive software development method. Its core is to replace formal and rigid specifications with interactive and rapidly established prototypes, and users can provide real feedback to developers by actually running and trying out prototypes on computers. One of the foundations of rapid prototyping is the emergence of the fourth generation visual language.
The combination of the two methods, when using object-oriented method to develop MIS, focuses on the analysis stage of life cycle. Various object models obtained in the analysis stage are also suitable for the design stage and the implementation stage. Practice has proved that the combination of the two methods is a practical and effective method.