Qingdao trestle bridge is located at the southern end of Zhongshan Road, where tourists are weaving. The bridge body probes into the crescent-shaped Qingdao Bay from the coast. This bridge is for tourists to visit and dock tourist boats, from which they can see Qingdao on the sea.
Qingdao trestle bridge was built in the 18th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1892). It is the earliest military-specific artificial wharf building in Qingdao, and now it is an important landmark building and famous scenic spot in Qingdao.
Qingdao trestle is 440 meters long and 8 meters wide, with a steel-concrete structure. There is a semi-circular breakwater at the southern end of the bridge. There is a two-story octagonal building called "Huilan Pavilion" in the dike. Tourists stand beside the pavilion and enjoy the waves coming in layers. "Flying Pavilion and Ringing" is known as one of the "Ten Scenes of Qingdao". The north shore of the bridge is turned into "zhanqiao park", with lush flowers and trees, pine and green grass, and stone chairs for tourists to rest and enjoy the sea and sky scenery.
history
Qingdao trestle has a history of more than 100 years. 189 1 year, Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, accompanied by Zhang Yao, governor of Shandong Province, inspected Jiaoao at that time. After returning to Beijing, he decisively proposed to the Qing court that he should fortify the area around Qingdao. On June 14 of the same year, the Cabinet issued an imperial decree: "It is planned to build castles in Jiaozhou and Yantai seaports as required." At the same time, it is required to move the company commander yamen of Dengzhou Town from Dengzhou (now Penglai) to Qingdao. Gaoyuan Zhang, the company commander of Dengzhou Town, built the company commander yamen in Qingdao, which is the origin of Qingdao's organizational system.
Qingdao trestle bridge was built in the 18th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1892). 1892, the Qing government sent Gaoyuan Zhang, a general in Dengzhou, to Qingdao with four battalions of officers and men. In order to facilitate the transportation of military materials, two wharves were built, one of which was a trestle, which was completed on 1893, with a length of 200m and a width of 10m.
In the 20th year of Guangxu (1May 29th, 894), Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili wrote: "The commander-in-chief in Dengzhou has already built the base sites of various stations, and Taoist Gong has also built a big iron pier in front of Qingdao. Now it is planned to build a mine camp behind Tiewu, and the defense of Yantai and Jiaozhou seaports will be held at the same time. It's all the same, and it's appropriate to set up mine barracks in every place.
It can be seen from Li Hongzhang's memorial that Qingdao's military defense facilities were not carried out in isolation, but were part of the coastal defense system in northern China in the late Qing Dynasty. And every building built in Jiao 'ao also has a clear purpose. The big iron wharf is a special naval wharf specially built for "ships under the mine", which is used for loading and unloading machinery on mines and transporting coal. Trestle is the earliest military-specific artificial wharf building in Qingdao. There are many original names of the wharf, such as Navy Pier, Qian Hai Pier, Nanhai Pier, Li Hongzhang Pier and Grand Pier. Another "Yamen Bridge" is located in front of the company commander's Yamen, with a length of 100 m and a width of 6 m, also called "snail bridge". These two wharves were designed by China engineers themselves, and they are the earliest wharves in Qingdao.
Qingdao trestle was the only maritime "arms supply line" at that time, that is to say, whoever controlled the trestle controlled Jiaozhou Bay. 1897, the Germans landed from Qingdao Bay where the trestle bridge was located in the name of exercise and occupied Qingdao by force. The trestle became the witness of German occupation of Qingdao. After Germany occupied Qingdao, the Qing government was forced to sign a lease treaty with Germany, and the authorities began to carry out new urban planning. Many materials were transported by sea. In order to facilitate transportation, the Germans rebuilt the trestle and laid tracks on the bridge deck, on which wheeled horses (cars specially loaded with goods) could run.
190 1 May, the northern end of the original bridge was changed to stone foundation, cement pavement, iron guardrail was changed to iron rope guardrail, the southern end of the steel bridge was paved with planks, and light rail was built to extend the bridge to 350 meters, which was still a military wharf. 1901117 October, Xiaogang Wharf was completed, and all transportation materials were borne by Xiaogang Wharf, and the transportation function of trestle gradually weakened. 1904 After the completion of Terminal 1 in Dagang, the trestle gradually lost its historical mission as a wharf and began to open to tourists. 1905 or so, commercial cargo transportation moved to Qingdao Dagang, and the trestle became a special wharf for ship quarantine and water diversion.
During the First World War, on August 27th, 2004, 1965438+ Japan's Second Fleet arrived in Qingdao and blocked the Qingdao Sea. The Japanese attacked Qingdao by land and water. At that time, the waterway landed from Laoshan Bay, but after the final occupation of Qingdao, the Japanese army followed the example of the Germans and held a military parade on the trestle to prove that it enjoyed "complete sovereignty" over Qingdao.
1922 12. After Qingdao was recovered by China Beiyang government, China sailors marched here to show the recovery of China's sovereignty.
1931September, the relevant departments of Qingdao invested 258,000 yuan, and the extension was contracted by German Xinli Foreign Firm, and the bridge was extended to 440 meters. The original steel-wood structure of the bridge was transformed into reinforced concrete, 34 rows of piles were transparent, the bridge deck was paved with cement, and the height of the bridge deck was increased by 0.5 meters. Zhanqiao park is built on the north bank of the trestle, which is used to plant trees and flowers. There is an arrow-shaped breakwater at the southern end of the bridge, and there is a Guofeng Huilan Pavilion on the breakwater. 1April, 933, the whole project was completed. Since then, the trestle bridge has become an important landmark building and famous scenic spot in Qingdao.
1On July 7, 937, Japan created the Lugouqiao Incident, and the all-round war of aggression against China began. 193865438+1October 10, a large number of Japanese troops landed from Shazikou and occupied Qingdao again. The next day, a team of Japanese troops began to land from the trestle. The trestle was once used as a military dock, and China people were not allowed to enter.
After the founding of New China, the people's government allocated funds for the maintenance of the trestle bridge for many times. 1985, Qingdao carried out a large-scale comprehensive transformation of the trestle bridge. The transparent part at the southern end of the bridge was demolished and rebuilt, from 34 rows of piles to 16 rows of piles, and a new 1 observation platform was built. At the same time, six stone pillars at the entrance of the bridge were demolished and surrounded by iron chain guardrails on both sides. From the end of198 to1June 1999, the municipal government again allocated funds for large-scale renovation of the trestle bridge, reinforcing the bridge body according to the standard of once every 50 years, and reinforcing the foundation of Huilan Pavilion according to the standard of once every 0/00 years. The northern section of the trestle bridge was demolished and rebuilt, and the side wall was paved with slurry mushroom stone, and the whole bridge deck was paved with mechanical planed granite board. This kind of maintenance not only meets the requirements of preventing wind and waves, corrosion and maintaining the original charm, but also cooperates with the bank protection facilities on both sides to increase the aesthetic effect.
On the afternoon of May 26th, 20 13, Qingdao was hit by heavy rain, with an average precipitation of 26mm. In the early morning of May 27th, a 30-meter-long collapse occurred on the east side of the middle section of Qingdao trestle. 201165438+1October 2nd, the bridge body of Qingdao trestle bridge in Shandong was closed [12]. On April 25th, 20 14, the trestle was reopened after 1 1 month of reinforcement and maintenance.
After many reconstructions and reconstructions, the length of the existing bridge is 40 1.45 m, of which the approach bridge is 236. 1 m, the hole bridge is 149.7 m, the triangular bridge head of Huilan Pavilion is 15.65 m .. "Huilan Pavilion", and there are two cornices at the southern end of the trestle. The exhibition hall covers an area of 1, 5 1 m2, with a total construction area of 340 m2. It is a two-story circular pavilion with 34 spiral steps in the middle. It is one of the top ten scenic spots in Qingdao.
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