Cai Shuo, the younger brother of Cai Que, illegally borrowed tens of thousands of coins from the imperial court. After his case was presented, Shangguan criticized Cai as a prime minister and colluded with bad people to break the law. He should expose his crimes to warn officials. After Zhang Yun, Li Qingchen and others came to power, they pushed decent officials out of the court one after another, which was different from the ambition of upright people. Zhang Shunmin, the supervisor, talked about frontier fortress, and Zhang Shunmin was demoted because of his involvement with Prime Minister Wen Yanbo. Shangguan Jun said: "Imperial court officials can talk through hearsay, which is conducive to increasing their knowledge. If Zhang Shunmin is right, he should listen; If what he said is wrong, he should be tolerant. I hope to restore Zhang Shunmin's official position. " But his suggestion was not approved. Yushitai and the suggestion institute agreed to remonstrate, but officials said it was too small to remonstrate. Wang's impeachment of Shangguan was capricious, and Wang was transferred to his official position. Shangguan Junjun was promoted to an imperial envoy in the temple and felt uneasy. He asked to leave his job and was appointed as a foreign minister of the Ministry of Rites. Three years later, he resumed his position as a temple consultant.
Acceded to the throne, and asked Zhang's former students to discuss current events and condemn and punish them. Shangguan said: "Although Zhang doesn't know taboos, his heart is not evil. Since your majesty called it, he punished it with words, lest it hinder the courage of scholars. " Zhang was pardoned.
At that time, the prime minister wanted to suggest that Shangguan should follow the system of Xining and Yuanfeng and inherit it. Shangguan said: "As long as the system is correct, it will be observed. At that time, there was no difference." So they couldn't get along, and Shangguan was banished to Xiangzhou. It was a long time before Longtuge was reinstated and retired. He was 78 years old.
2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the small question 1.C2.A3.C4.( 1) General is a loyal minister, and my late emperor entrusted him to assist me. Anyone who dares to slander will be punished.
(Belonging, helping, destroying, sitting, meaning one point each) (2) (Shangguan Jie, Shangguan 'an) I hope that according to the national convention that princesses match liehou, (appointing outsiders as liehou) Huo Guang disagrees. (3) I'm really worried about being cheated by the king and failing Zhao.
1. analysis: this kind of topic must be put back into the original text when answering questions. Ahmadinejad: Let it in.
Test center: understand the meaning of common content words in classical Chinese in the text. The ability level is understanding B.
2. Analysis: One reason: preposition, through. B is a conjunction, and the first "and" indicates commitment; The second "and" table has been set.
C are all prepositions, the first "for", for, for; The second "for" means passive. D is an adverb, the first "yes", so, just; The second "yes" was unexpected.
Test center: Understand the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.
3. Analysis: C is not a "recent pet", and "near" should be understood as "near"; Huo Guang refused Shangguan Jie and his son to seek the title for outsiders because princess royal resented Huo Guang and Shangguan and his son were ashamed. Test center: summarize the main points of the content and summarize the central meaning.
The ability level is analytical synthesis C.4. Analysis: When translating such topics, we should first find out the key words or sentence patterns to be translated, usually literal translation, except for some figurative words, and then translate them as a whole. According to the norms of modern Chinese, the words can reach the sentence order.
Test center: Understand and translate the sentences in the text. The ability level is understanding B.
3. The full text of Turquoise Yellow Lotus Biography Classical Chinese Turquoise Yellow Lotus Biography Huang Lian, word, Hongzhou Fenning people.
The first Jinshi, from Lizhou County. Xi Ning Chu was recommended by Wang Anshi.
An Shi told him that he was asking about exemption from service, and according to the old law, he was honest and correct. An Shi said: "We will definitely achieve the new law."
Bai, who was visiting current affairs, was summoned and said to him, "Your Majesty's intention is to facilitate the people, and the law is not evil, but the officials are not the people. The meaning of court legislation is the same, but the opinions of the four parties are different. Your majesty has not done enough to abide by the law, and the people are sick.
Your majesty doesn't know about the floods in Heshuo, the droughts in Henan, the droughts in Qi and Jin, the locusts in Huai and Zhejiang, and the plagues in the south of the Yangtze River. "The master of the emperor that life inexpensive vibration, in addition to SiNong into.
I also reported my purpose, judge of Zhuozhou transshipment road, Fu Nong. In order to supervise the suggestion, he made a suggestion: "Don't be in a hurry to get talents if you want to become a thing in the world. I hope that the two systems will be promoted by their close ministers and transshipment. "
Everyone recommends one person. It went on to say, "Cold is a distant servant. Since it is famous all over the world, I hope that the Chinese book can judge its ability and use it, and the world will do what it does."
He also said: "Compared with the floods and droughts in the past, the people and the Mongols have already owed the cabinet. Today, they are fortunate to be in the prime of life, and we should pay attention to this. When people are hungry for a long time, they are tired and compensated, which makes people feel embarrassed when they are old in good years. Please take it gradually by all citizens. "
On Wang Zhongzheng's killing of his subordinates, and said that his crime was too serious to be allowed. The emperor said, "There is no hierarchy of talents, so how can you care about driving control?"
He said, "Although, I'm afraid I can't grow up gradually." Caocun has 300,000 hectares of bad fields and 380,000 private houses.
Those who were sent to edict to appease, those who were too hungry to walk, were sent to the highlands to give up their homes to the residents, those who changed careers to give food, those who privately petted cows to give money, and those who adopted sons and daughters to abandon the road were served by Ding Zhuang, who lived for 250,000. Since Xiangzhou Prison, both Deng and Shangguan have criticized their wrongs and wrongs, and they have to be sent away, and they can't justify themselves.
I have been in prison several times and regretted it. Add quality correction and improve some Hedong prisons.
The Liao people tried to replace the northern land, and even said, "Divide water and paint mountains and rivers, lose the danger of China, and realize the wolf's heart." Later, Qidan Guobao took two pieces of wasteland and went down to Yanmen, but his father thought it was hate.
Wang Zhongzheng sent his troops to the Western Expedition, using one adjustment and two transfers to make it beneficial. Lian said, "It's enough to skin the bones of the people and consider the interests! Endure the ultimate evil? " That is, the cloud said: "The teacher will be useless, but only good?" Both, the army was defeated, and Chiang Kai-shek was guilty and married. Lian refers to taking the party to the right place and taking demotion.
In the first year of Yuan You, he was called a doctor in the Ministry of Housing. Our tea method is harmful to Sichuan and Shaanxi, so we sent a company to let Shu take care of it, and even beat it too hard.
He also said, "If you knew what you had done before and gave it to the sick people, you wouldn't accept these goods, and the garden would suffer." Please don't stop drinking tea with Qin, but trade with Xudong Road. Southern tea is forbidden to enter Shaanxi and Sichuan goods.
Set Boma's age to 18000. "The court can discuss it and make it a secret cabinet.
Next year, I will be promoted to Zuosi Langzhong, moved to Langzhong, compiled by Jixian Hall and appointed by Parliament. Shangguan said that Cai was indeed in prison, but he was transferred to Shaanxi.
Worship, pawn, 59 years old.
4. Reading classical Chinese (16 points) Zhou Meipu's family biography [Qing] Zhou, a native of Changsha, Meipu and Yao Nai, dared not make a fuss 1:C-0/:c-0/:b-0/:(/)
(2) (3 points) It is also common for some officials to curry favor with higher-level officials by trapping the people with grain expropriation. Implicit 1: Xun: retreat and retreat implicitly 1: ② shows that he is strong and frank, ④ shows that he is a schemer, and ⑥ shows that he is incorruptible and implicit 1: "People call the water control project he presided over as Zhougong Gate and Zhougong Bridge" to thank him for building water conservancy projects and benefiting the people, which is no different from Zhou Meipu's incorruptibility.
The key points are: (1) the fluency of meaning,1; Obstacle: blocking or blocking, 1 min; Flow: accumulated water,1; Fred: Thanks. 1. Semantic fluency, 1 min; Poison: trapping, 1 point; Heng: ordinary, ordinary, 1.
Sentence: Zhou Meipujun's Family Biography [Qing] Yao Nai Meipujun, whose ancestral home is Changsha, Zhou family, taboo, dry word three, is also named Meipu. To send people into Gansu, grant Longxi magistrate of a county, and adjust Ningshuo.
He is sensible, bored and hardworking. Ningshuo belongs to Ningxia government, and there are three canals along the river, namely Yuelai, Tang Yan and Daqing, all of which lead the river into the canal to irrigate people's fields.
Tang Yan's canals run on sandy land and are easy to overflow. Jun's canal is narrow and deep, and the waterway is quite changed. The canal runs safely, and there are hidden holes in the canal to discharge water into the river, which depends on drought and flood. The hidden cave in Qu Yan of Tang Dynasty was bad. Officials in Ningxia tried to fill it up, but Ning Shuo became ill by diverting the water from the Tang Canal to the Han Canal for the benefit of Ningxia people.
Jun Li supervised the restoration of the old system, which was beneficial to both countries. The Qing Canal was built during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, and it is more than 30 miles long. For a long time, the stone gates at the beginning and the end are all bad, and the people can't get benefits. You fixed it, it took less time, and it worked.
You have managed Ningxia well, but you have achieved the greatest success in water control. People built Zhougongmen and Zhougongqiao Cloud. Find the magistrate of Duyun, Guizhou.
Governor Wu Dashan and assistant minister Qian Weicheng were in charge of Guizhou Inverse Miao Prison. Those who use it inappropriately are no exception. Guiyang was transferred, and the governor Gong was stiff, and he was dismissed because of business fatigue.
Introduced, re-awarded Shanxi Zhou Pu magistrate, transferred to Taiyuan. Cleaning up the prison, repairing the wind mountain dike and weir, blocking the mountain, leading to Fen, and being virtuous to the people.
Tired of Jinan Road in Jiangxi, he was demoted as an official and later changed to Grain Depot Road in Zhejiang Province. At that time, Wang Danwang was the governor of Zhejiang.
It is a consistent practice for officials to poison the people and flatter them. You are sick. When I came to Zhejiang, I vowed not to bring any embellishment. Please come to the governor and make an appointment with him.
It should be good to caress menstruation, but I hate you so much that I have no ability to go. The grain depot is easy to manage, but the seawall is urgent. Please move it to deal with the seawall.
So Hangjiahu Haiphong Road was transferred. Jun rebuilt the coastal stone pond, and the pond was rectified. He died of illness during his tenure, while Wang Danwang was greedy and defeated during his tenure.
If you accept you, you will benefit the country and your family. After your death, your family was very poor, and the world was called an honest official, Zhou Meipu Yun.
Yao Nai said: Meiyuan, officials are doing something. The husband is an official biography, and the official position is very strict.
I don't live in a historical position, but a biography of a writer I know. The rule of Yuyuan Garden is to spread it, to simplify things, and to think that there will be a good history in the future. It is worthy of the cloud to take my article for publication.
(Selected from the Complete Works of Xi Baoxuan, with changes) Attachment: Mei Pu, a native of Changsha, surnamed Zhou, whose name can be opened, the word Gan San, Mei Pu is his real name. He was assigned to Gansu as a juren, served as the magistrate of Longxi County, and was later transferred to Ningshuo.
He is reasonable, dares to shoulder heavy responsibilities, and goes to great pains to make Ningshuo belong to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. There are three canals beside the Yellow River: Hanlai Canal, Tang Yan Canal and Daqing Canal, all of which bring water from the Yellow River to irrigate people's farmland.
The place where Tang passed was windy and dusty, and it was easy to flood. Zhou Meipu renovated the canal, making it long, narrow and deep, and slightly changed the direction of water flow. The water in the Tang Dynasty is safe and smooth. There is a hidden hole in the canal that discharges too much water into the Yellow River, so drought and flood weather depend on it. The underground karst cave in Tangyanqu burst, and officials in Ningxia tried to fill the underground karst cave and introduce the water from Tangqu into Hanqu to benefit Ningxia people, but Ning Shuo suffered greatly.
Zhou Meipu tried his best to supervise the restoration of the original appearance, and both counties benefited from it. During the reign of Kangxi alone, the Qing Canal was over 30 miles long. After a long time, the front and back stone gates have been destroyed, and the people can no longer enjoy its benefits. Zhou Meipu's restoration takes less time but has a long-term effect.
Zhou Meipu has made many good achievements in Ningxia, and the biggest achievement is in water control. People call the water conservancy projects he presided over Zhougongmen and Zhougongqiao. Soon, Zhou Meipu was promoted to the magistrate of Duyun, Guizhou.
He followed Governor Wu Dashan and Assistant Minister Qian Weicheng in handling Miao rebellion cases in Guizhou, but he argued against those who were not handled properly according to law and never gave in. He was transferred to Guiyang because he was strong, honest and straightforward, which offended the Governor Gong and was dismissed for official duties.
After being introduced, he was appointed as the magistrate of Zhou Pu and transferred to Taiyuan. Clean up the backlog, repair the dam in Fengshan, stop the water accumulation in the mountain and divide it into Fenhe River. People are grateful to him.
Zhou Meipu was promoted many times and became an official in Jinan Road, Jiangxi Province. Because of his mistake, he was demoted, and later he was promoted to grain depot road in Zhejiang Province. At this time, Wang Danwang became the governor of Zhejiang.
Some officials are used to pleasing superior officials by collecting grain to harm the people. Zhou Meipu has heard of it for a long time, and he hates it.
When Zhou Meipu came to Zhejiang, he vowed not to take advantage of anything, and asked the governor to eradicate the long-standing abuses and agreed to work with him. The governor said "good" on the surface, but in fact he hated Zhou Meipu, but there was no way to let him leave.
On the contrary, the court praised Zhou Meipu for his outstanding talent. Managing grain reserves is a common political problem, which is easy to handle. At that time, the seawall was in critical condition, and Zhou Meipu was requested to manage the seawall. So (Zhou Meipu) was transferred to Haiphong Road in Hangjiahu.
Zhou Meipu rebuilt the coastal stone pond, and the stone pond was greatly rectified. However, Zhou Meipu eventually died of overwork, and Wang Danwang was finally destroyed by official greed. The whole world says that if Wang Danwang can accept Zhou Meipu's opinion, it will not only benefit the country, but also benefit his own personal safety.
After Zhou Meipu's death, the family was very poor. Everyone praised the honest officials and mentioned Zhou Meipu. I think: Zhou Meipu was a law-abiding and rational official during the Qianlong period.
For law-abiding and rational officials.
5. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions: 2 1. A handful of 22. C 23。 D 24。 B test analysis: 2 1. These questions mainly examine the significance of common notional words in classical Chinese in a specific context.
The review strategy is to focus on accumulation, and the accumulation of content words in classical Chinese is the key to improve the correct rate of solving problems. One is to remember typical cases, and the other is to do a good job of sorting them out.
It is necessary to return to textbooks, that is, to use the knowledge of classical Chinese vocabulary learned in class to solve extracurricular problems. Item a, the verb "you" in "please go to your place", to.
Know the meaning and usage of common notional words in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.
The skills of moving notional words in classical Chinese, like modern Chinese, have real meaning and can be used as sentence components alone. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns. There are a large number of notional words in classical Chinese, and mastering more notional words in classical Chinese is the key to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese.
When learning the notional words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to its three main features in grammar: one is polysemy, the other is the ancient and modern changes in the meaning of words, and the third is the flexible use of parts of speech. 22. The usage of function words is often related to the following aspects: First, different positions in sentences often lead to different usages; Second, it is related to the part of speech of the words before and after.
Item C "Yan" is a modal particle and has no practical significance. Item A is "because"/"ba" respectively.
Item b "Yu" is "Dao"/"Bi" respectively. Item d "er" is "indicating succession"/"indicating cause and effect" respectively.
Know the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.
Error-prone warning focuses on the meaning and usage of function words in classical Chinese, 18 commonly used function words; In the context, combine the analysis of grammar and logic to dredge the meaning of the text; The difficulty lies in understanding the usage of words (that is, part of speech). Methods In application, we should first distinguish between reality and emptiness.
For example, "why, why, if and why" can be both content words and function words. Secondly, identify the part of speech.
A function word has many uses, for example, "Yan" can be used as pronoun, adverb and auxiliary word. Again, compare ancient and modern.
Some survived, some changed their usage, and some disappeared completely. Finally, pay attention to special function words.
Part-time words are used with function words, such as "why" and "which and which". 23. This kind of topic first looks at whether there is a word "direct expression" in the stem, then analyzes whether the given paragraph is the behavior of the person required in the stem, and then analyzes whether it is the person required in the stem. Using exclusion method is accurate and time-saving. The object of this question is "Qu Yuan", whose personality characteristics are "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism". (3) shows that he has a plan, (5) is a side foil.
The information in the text is filtered according to the location of the test center. The ability level is C.
When reading historical biographies, you should be clear about the following four points when filtering information: 1. People. It is necessary to know who he remembers, which dynasty and how many people are involved.
2. Official. Most of the characters in history books are officials, so it is necessary to understand that they have been promoted several times, whether they are North Korean officials or local officials.
3. events. Biographical articles must record some deeds of the people, either filial piety, diligence, incorruptibility, love for the people, or resistance to virtue. When reading them, you should find out what is written in the article and how much.
4. Personality. Biographies selected in the college entrance examination are decent people, and the information that needs to be "screened" and "extracted" is often their good character.
So pay special attention to these aspects when reading. The answer to this question requires that on the basis of reading the original text, we can analyze and summarize the content of the article and accurately grasp the main information in the article, so as to filter out the information that meets the instructions according to the instructions of the topic.
You can select specific materials according to the options. You can also choose multiple choices according to the point of view in the options.
Item b misinterprets the meaning of the text, and "when the war is unfavorable" does not conform to the meaning of the text. The location of the test center summarizes the main points of the content and the central meaning.
The ability level is analysis and synthesis. C. The title of the famous teacher's finishing touch is to summarize the content of the article.
The methods to solve this kind of problem are as follows: ① Grasp the stem of the problem and read correctly. When reading the topic, you must read it completely and accurately, and don't skim it.
The so-called complete reading refers to the analysis of all the requirements in the stem of the question without omission and truthfully; The so-called accurate reading is to accurately grasp the requirements put forward by the stem and see whether it is right or wrong, whether it is to summarize the content or analyze the point of view. Only by comprehensive and accurate analysis and understanding of the question can we answer the question accurately.
(2) Put back the original and check whether it is right or wrong. Especially in the aspects of time, place, official position, characters' behavior, actual effect, etc., we should carefully check the words and phrases of the original text, fully understand and analyze them comprehensively. The difference between them is the key to grasp the full text.
For specious, we should have the consciousness of explaining the text by using the topic. In the second year, Qin returned to Hanzhong to make peace with Chu.
The king of Chu said, "I don't want land, but I want Zhang Yi." Hearing this, Zhang Yi said, "A Zhang Yi can be used as a place in Hanzhong, and I request to go to Chu."
After arriving in Chu State, Zhang Yi bribed Jin Shang, the powerful minister of Chu State, with a lot of gifts, and made him fabricate a set of lies about his favorite concubine. Chu Huaiwang finally listened to Zheng Xiu and let Yi Cheung go.
By this time, Qu Yuan had been alienated. Instead of being an official in the imperial court, he sent an envoy to Qi. When he came back, he advised Huai, "Why not kill Zhang Yi?" Chu Huaiwang regretted it, and sent someone to chase Yi Cheung, but he didn't catch up. After that, the governors jointly attacked Chu, defeated Chu and killed Tang Qian, the general of Chu.
At this time, Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, married to Chu and wanted to visit Chu Huaiwang. When Chu Huaiwang planned to go, Qu Yuan said, "Qin is a country of tigers and wolves, so you can't trust it.
Might as well not go. Zi Lan, the youngest son of King Huai, advised the King of Chu to go: "Why should we break off friendly relations with Qin?" Chu Huaiwang finally went.
After entering Wuguan, the ambush of Qin cut off the back road to Chu. He detained Wang Huai to get the ceded land.
Chu Huaiwang was very angry and refused. Escape to Zhao, Zhao dare not accept it.
He returned to the state of Qin and finally died in the state of Qin. His body was transported back to Chu for burial. Qing Xiang, the eldest son of King Huai, succeeded to the throne and took his younger brother Zilan as your wife.
Chu people complained about Zilan because he advised Wang Huai to go to the State of Qin, but he didn't come back. Qu Yuan hates him, too. Although exiled, he still attached himself to Chu and cared about the king of Chu. He did not forget his motherland and wanted to go back to Korea. He hoped that the king would realize the bad customs of Chu.
6. Flexible use of parts of speech in classical Chinese Please explain that classical Chinese is a compulsory part of the college entrance examination, and it is also a difficult point for candidates to prepare for the exam, and the flexible use of parts of speech is the focus of this difficulty. Sometimes, some words in classical Chinese should be flexible in a certain language environment because they are not rich in words, and sometimes because of the need of rhetoric. If we don't understand the reasons for the flexible use of parts of speech and can't correctly understand and explain the meanings of the words used, we will encounter difficulties in reading ancient Chinese. How to solve this problem? If candidates can judge the flexible use of parts of speech in classical Chinese with the help of their existing knowledge about the grammatical characteristics of modern Chinese parts of speech, they will form a more systematic understanding of them, thus making the problem simple and clear. 1. Tables and examples of flexible use of parts of speech 2. Parts of speech use nouns with detailed explanations (1) as general verbs (1) as verbs, such as ① donkey anger. Hoof. (2) this king enjoys it. (3) Cui Wei, the crown of the clouds. A brief analysis of "hoof" is a noun, but it is followed by the object "zhi" in the sentence. At this time, "hoof" plays the role of a verb, so it should be used flexibly as a verb to mean "kick"; The noun "drum" takes the object "music" as a verb: play; The noun "Guan" takes the object "Cui Wei", which is used as a verb. (2) Add complements after nouns, and use nouns flexibly as verbs, such as (1) to achieve the supreme position and make Liuhe. Zheng was a businessman in the Zhou Dynasty. A brief analysis of the noun "enrichment" with the complement "supremacy" as a verb: boarding; "City" with the complement "Yu Zhou" is used as a verb: to do business. (3) There are willing verbs or adverbs in front of them, and nouns can be used flexibly as verbs, such as (1) pretending that people who row boats can't swim. (2) Today, a king is a king if he enjoys happiness with the people. A brief analysis of the auxiliary verbs of adverbs "Fei" and "Neng" before "water": you; The adverb "Ze" is added before the noun "Wang" as a verb: rule the world and be king. (4) The same noun is used repeatedly, or two nouns are used together. These two nouns are not overlapping, joint, partial or compound. Then, one of them is often used as a verb, for example, if everything is idle today. This paper briefly analyzes the reduplication of the noun "Shi", and the first one is a verb: do. Nouns are used flexibly as verbs, such as ① in the stomach of a fish. A brief analysis of the noun "rudder" is preceded by the structural auxiliary word "rudder", which is used as a verb; Catch with a net. [6] Positional nouns are often used as verbs, some are preceded by the conjunction "er" or adverbs, and some are not preceded by the conjunction "er" or adverbs, for example, Sui Dong in the Qin Dynasty. A brief analysis of the locative noun "east" as a verb: marching eastward. 2. The causative usage of a noun (1) refers to making an object become the person or thing represented by this noun, or making an object produce the action represented by this noun after being used as a verb, such as (1) showing pity to my father and my brother east of the Yangtze River, so how can I see it? A brief analysis of "Wang" followed by "I" is "making me king" (2) As a noun with causative usage, the object is occasionally omitted, for example, (1) an emperor cannot be a minister and a vassal cannot be a friend. A brief analysis of "improper minister" is equivalent to "improper minister"; "Don't be friends" is equivalent to "don't be friends", which means "don't make him a minister" and "don't make him a friend" (don't make him a friend). (3) Positional nouns are a kind of nouns and sometimes used as verbs. For example, therefore, the king of Qi is not as good as the son, and Qin will doubt Qi and not believe it. (2) build a house and block it in the southwest. On the causative usage of locative nouns. "In the southwest" means opening the portal to the west or south. 4. The intentional usage of nouns is, for example, ① Meng Changjun Walker. A brief analysis of the noun "Walker" followed by the object "I" as an intentional verb. "Walker" means "take me as a guest", which means "treat me like a guest". 4. Nouns can be used as adverbials directly. It covers all the meanings in the world. The nouns "cushion", "bag" and "bag" are adverbials respectively: like a cushion, like a parcel and like a pocket. (2) Nouns as adverbials indicate the attitude and manner of action, such as (1) officials and officials can stab me in the face. (3) The noun "face" is used as an adverbial of the verb "thorn", indicating that "thorn" is used flexibly as an adverbial. For example, there are no donkeys in Guizhou, but there are people on board. A brief analysis of the noun "ship" as an adverbial of the verb "ship" shows that the tools used for "ship" are used. Φ When nouns indicate the place where actions and behaviors take place, it is a flexible use of adverbials, for example, ① a lonely sail is coming. A brief analysis of the noun "Ri" as the adverbial of the verb "Lai" shows that it can be used flexibly, such as ① Liang Yi-Niangengdao. A brief analysis of the time noun "Nian" as the adverbial of the verb predicate "Geng" shows the nature of "Geng": every year, when nouns indicate the trend of action and behavior, they are used flexibly as adverbials, such as ① walking a hundred miles south. A brief analysis of the locative noun "Nan" as an adverbial of "Qu" to express actions and behaviors. Flexible use as adverbial, for example: ① Neighbor's birthday frown. A brief analysis of the noun "day" as an adverbial of adjective predicate "frown", which means "frown" and gradually develops and changes: day after day, day after day. (2) Flexible use of verbs as nouns, such as ① The enemy cannot be defeated. On the verb "Feng" as a noun, which means (2) Xiang Bo kills and I live. A brief analysis of the above examples shows that "death" and "life" are intransitive verbs, which cannot take an object, but they are causative because they are followed by "Zheng" and "Zhi". "Zheng's death" means "Zheng's extinction"; "Living" means "keeping it alive", which can be translated as "saving him" here. (2) Some transitive verbs also have causative usage, which is relatively rare, such as (1) eating carefully and sometimes offering. (2) Drink Zhao Dun wine in Jin Hou. Simply analyze that "eat" and "eat" are transitive verbs, but here, instead of the snake catcher eating the snake, the snake catcher "let the snake eat" (let the snake eat) and "drink" are transitive verbs, but what we are talking about here is not that Jin Hou drinks Zhao Dun's wine, but that Jin Hou drinks Zhao Dun's and Zhao Dun's. "Drink" is read when it is used as causative meaning.