With the frequent occurrence of psychological problems, many people have a doubt, that is, what is a healthy mentality and a sound personality? Let me explain to you what a healthy mind and a sound personality are.
Mental health standards: Mental health is generally evaluated from eight aspects:
1, know yourself and accept yourself. A mentally healthy person can understand his own existence value, understand himself, accept himself, and have self-knowledge, that is, he can make an appropriate and objective evaluation of his own ability, personality, emotion, advantages and disadvantages, and can also set his own life goals and ideals realistically, so he is satisfied with his overall evaluation; At the same time, strive to develop their own potential, even if their own defects can not be remedied, they can be handled safely.
2. Accept others and get along well with others. Mentally healthy people are willing to associate with others, and can not only accept themselves, but also accept others, accept others, and recognize the importance and role of others' existence. You can be understood by others, accepted by others and the collective, communicate with others, have harmonious interpersonal relationships, integrate into the collective life, and have a strong music group, so that you can not only enjoy happiness when you are reunited with your good friends, but also not feel lonely when you meditate alone. When dealing with people, a positive attitude (such as sympathy, friendliness, trust, respect, etc. ) is always more than negative attitude (such as doubt, jealousy, fear, hostility, etc. ), so they have strong adaptability and enough sense of security in social life.
3. Love life and be willing to work and study. Mentally healthy people cherish and love life, actively participate in life, and enjoy the fun of life in life. They give full play to their personality and intelligence as much as possible in their work, get satisfaction and encouragement from the results of their work, and regard ... as a pleasure rather than a burden. He can store all kinds of useful information, knowledge and skills accumulated in the process of work, so as to extract and use them at any time, solve new problems that may be encountered, overcome all kinds of difficulties, and make his behavior more efficient and his work more effective.
4. Face the reality, accept the reality, adapt to the reality and change the reality. A mentally healthy person can face the reality, accept the reality, actively adapt to the reality, and further transform the reality, instead of escaping from the reality, make an objective understanding and evaluation of the surrounding things and environment, and keep good contact with the real environment. He has higher ideals than reality, but he will not indulge in unrealistic fantasies and extravagant hopes. He is full of confidence in his ability and is full of difficulties and challenges in his life, study and work.
5, can coordinate and control emotions, and have a good mood. People with mental health always have advantages in positive emotional states such as happiness, optimism, cheerfulness and satisfaction. Although there will be negative emotional experiences such as sadness, superiority, sadness and anger, they generally will not last long. He can properly express his emotions, be happy and unhappy, be worried, be arrogant when he wins, be modest or humble when he fails, have self-esteem, be neither arrogant nor impetuous in social communication, be not too greedy for what he can't get, strive to meet his various requirements within the scope permitted by social norms, be satisfied with everything he can get, and have a cheerful and optimistic personality.
6. Harmonious and complete personality. A mentally healthy person's personality structure, including temperament, ability, personality and ideals, beliefs, motives, interests, outlook on life and other aspects can develop in a balanced way, and personality, that is, a person's overall mental outlook, can be fully and harmoniously expressed. The way of thinking is moderate and reasonable, people can adopt an appropriate and flexible attitude, have no biased emotional and behavioral response to external stimuli, keep up with the pace, and integrate with the collective.
7. Normal intelligence. Normal intelligence is the most basic psychological condition of people's normal life and the main standard of mental health. Intelligence is the synthesis of people's operational abilities such as observation, memory, imagination and thinking.
8. Psychological behavior conforms to age characteristics. In different age stages of life development, there are corresponding different psychological behaviors, thus forming unique psychological behavior patterns in different age stages. A mentally healthy person should have the same psychological and behavioral characteristics as most of his peers.
The above lists the standards and scales of mental health put forward by psychologists and scholars. Generally speaking, people with mental health can be kind to themselves, others, adapt to the environment, have normal emotions and have a harmonious personality. Mentally healthy people are not without pains and troubles, but they can get rid of them in time and actively seek new ways to change the unfavorable situation. They can deeply understand the seriousness and inevitability of life conflict, and also deeply observe the yin and yang, good and evil of human nature. They are those who can freely and moderately express and display their individuality and live in harmony with the environment. They are good at continuous learning, making use of various resources and constantly enriching themselves. They will also enjoy a beautiful life and know the truth of contentment. They don't delve into dead ends, but are good at looking at problems from different angles.
The understanding of sound personality varies with human nature, value orientation and methodology. For example, Ma Ziluo thinks that a person with healthy personality should be a self-fulfilling person, Ahlport thinks that he is a mature person, and Luo thinks that he should give full play to his functions. Combining the viewpoints of various schools, we can find out the similarities of * * *, and the following characteristics are of great significance to measure the integrity of personality.
(1) Objective self-awareness and positive self-attitude. This has three meanings. First, there is self-knowledge and this knowledge is comprehensive and rich. Secondly, don't distort your own characteristics, that is, don't exaggerate or narrow your own advantages and disadvantages; The second is to always be aware of what you are doing and feeling, and know why your actions and experiences began. Positive self-attitude is related to self-awareness, but not only determined by the latter. What does it mean? Although I realize that I have long and short, good and bad, I still recognize myself, accept myself and have hope for myself as a whole. Attitude.
(2) objective social perception and the ability to establish appropriate interpersonal relationships. A person with a sound personality should be able to accurately observe the thoughts, wishes and feelings of others from their words and behaviors, and understand their views and attitudes towards themselves. And his understanding of others is based on facts rather than subjective speculation. In addition, his attitude towards people and interpersonal skills should help to establish appropriate interpersonal relationships.
(3) Enthusiasm for life and ability to solve problems effectively. People with mental health should love life and have the enthusiasm to devote themselves to work and family. You should have the ability to live according to your age.
(4) Harmonious personality structure. People with sound personality should have a unified outlook on life and world view, and all parts of personality tendency (needs, interests, motives, ideals, beliefs and world view) should be able to maintain a dynamic coordination and balance. Moreover, there should be coordination between his cognition, emotion and behavior.
What is mental health? What are the evaluation criteria?
Regarding the standards of mental health, the World Health Organization and the Third International Conference on Mental Health believe that the signs of mental health are:
(1) physical, intellectual and emotional coordination; (2) Adapting to the environment and giving in to each other in interpersonal relationships; ③ Have a sense of happiness; In my professional work, I can give full play to my ability and lead an efficient life. These four signs were originally agreed by mental health organizations in various countries. With the development of the times, mental health organizations and psychologists in various countries have refined and improved this standard. Maslow (195 1), a humanistic psychologist, put forward ten standards of mental health, which are recognized by most countries because of their concreteness, understandability and easy operation. These ten criteria are:
Have a full sense of self-security; I have confidence in my body and ability, have the will and courage to overcome difficulties, live a regular life and be full of energy. )
Be able to fully understand yourself and properly evaluate your abilities; Have an objective and practical evaluation of your own advantages and disadvantages, be able to accept your own physical and mental defects, and not feel inferior, narcissistic or proud.
The ideal of life is realistic; Can face the reality, grasp the present, the ideal goal can be realized in real life, and will not be obsessed with unrealistic gambling or virtual world. )
Not divorced from the real environment around; I won't live alone. I can live in a place where most people can adapt. My feelings and reactions to the surrounding environment are moderate, and I can adapt to changes in the environment. )
Can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality; (Personality is the sum total of a person's relatively stable psychological characteristics, which is popularly called' personality' of different people. A mentally healthy person, with relatively stable personality or personality, gets along harmoniously with the people around him and can be understood and accepted by them. )
Be good at learning from experience; This is the most important ability that people have to adapt to the natural environment and social environment: people can learn, improve themselves and grow through experience, and can sum up the failed or successful experiences and apply them to overcome the difficulties encountered in growth and defeat setbacks. )
Can maintain good interpersonal relationship; A healthy person has a good adaptability to interpersonal relationships. They respect the needs and feelings of themselves and others, so they can not only maintain their own positions and opinions, but also not impose them on others, let alone impose them on others at will. In the interaction with others, they feel happy, share their feelings, coordinate with each other, and establish and maintain good interpersonal relationships. )
Be able to vent and control emotions properly; Many times, people's emotions are stable, and they can automatically respond appropriately to social stimuli without being immersed in lamentation, complaint or regret. When encountering major setbacks or unexpected events in life, people can vent their emotions appropriately, and they can control their bad emotions and return to normal state. )
On the premise of meeting the requirements of the group, you can give full play to your personality in a limited way; Healthy people can take the initiative to participate in group activities, can cooperate with group activities, and can properly display their personal charm and exert their abilities on the basis of not interfering with other members of the group. )
Under the premise of not violating social norms, the basic needs of individuals can be properly met. I know how to meet personal needs without violating social norms and using social relations, and I can be satisfied without being too greedy or suppressing personal needs. In layman's terms, it is to know how to meet your own needs and achieve your own goals without disturbing others' lives and breaking the law. )
The above ten standards reflect the ten requirements of people's mental health. In fact, the number of people who fully meet these ten standards will not exceed 15%, and 80% of them have psychological problems to varying degrees, and 5% of them have psychological diseases and need treatment. Therefore, if you have psychological problems, it is not very ugly, which is more than 80% for most people.
In fact, in developed countries, including China's Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong, it is a very respectable thing to see a psychologist and do psychological consultation if you have psychological problems, which is the embodiment of pursuing high-quality and high-grade life. There is a very vivid saying in America: successful people hold the lawyer's hand in their left hand and the counselor's hand in their right hand, so as to succeed? .
Why do you say that? Very reasonable. In a commodity economy society, without legal protection, you will not have real life safety, and your business or property may not be strongly guaranteed. Without the help of a counselor, you may not be able to bear the psychological pressure brought about by fierce competition, it is difficult to give full play to your potential, or even fall into emotional troubles and interpersonal conflicts, and you may not be able to enjoy a relaxed and happy high-grade life.
As the president of the United States, there is a special psychological counseling group, not to mention ordinary people who are worried and unhappy all day. How can they be happy? So counseling is definitely not a scandal.
Psychological counseling has two functions: mental health care and growth promotion, which can help people prevent and treat mental diseases and promote potential development. Then, if you find that you can't meet one or two of the top ten standards of mental health, does this mean that you have mental problems, or that you are mentally ill? According to the practice in psychological counseling, if you want to distinguish whether you have mental health problems or mental diseases, you can basically judge whether you are mentally healthy by grasping three identification principles:
First of all, let's see if your psychological activities, such as feeling, perception and cognition, have been different for a long time. If it is very different from others, it is even more telling: you see what everyone can't see, you hear what everyone can't hear, you can't stand what everyone can tolerate, and you are unhappy when everyone is happy, which reminds you to pay attention to whether your subjective feelings are consistent with objective reality. ! This is because psychology is a reflection of objective reality, so any normal psychological activity and behavior must be coordinated with the objective environment in form and content. For example, if most students are indifferent to the noise in the classroom and you feel particularly uncomfortable, it is necessary to examine the reasons for your discomfort, whether it is bad mood or poor health, occasional or frequent. If you see and hear something that ordinary people can't see or hear, it is probably an auditory hallucination, a symptom of serious mental illness, or a cerebral hemorrhage or brain injury, so we must attach great importance to it.
Secondly, it depends on your thinking, words and deeds, dealing with people and behaving. Are you often different from your heart? It's just not what you wanted. Normal and healthy people's psychological activities, such as cognitive activities, emotional activities, will behavior and external performance, can generally obey the command of our brains. They want to laugh or cry, cry or shed tears. Our actions have advanced and retreated, and we can generally do whatever we want. However, when you find yourself doing something strange that is not your will, or something that you think is meaningless, you always do it automatically. Looks like you can't control them. If your inner demands are no longer in harmony with your actual behavior, or your behavior or thoughts are often out of control, such as crying, depression for several months, or can't stand the small stimulation of mosquito bites, then you should be alert to whether you have mental health problems. At this time, taking the initiative to consult a psychologist can help you prevent and treat mental illness as soon as possible.
The third principle is to look at your physical and mental state. Has your character or personality become different from the past? A healthy person, his personality has relatively stable characteristics, just like the characters in the novel have distinctive characteristics in our minds, such as Li Kui jy in Water Margin, whose personality is simple and lovely, rough and bold, brave and upright. We don't mention this man's name, but only describe his personality characteristics. Many people who have read this novel can guess that it is him, but if Li Kui jy suddenly becomes tender, considerate and sentimental, because personality is the sum of a person's distinctive psychological characteristics, if there are no obvious external reasons, such as the need for actors to perform and imitate, a person's personality characteristics will not change frequently. If he often shows unstable personality, or even looks like a different person, in professional terms, a person has multiple personalities. For example, if a person looks like Lin Daiyu yesterday and looks like Wang Xifeng today, his personality will change greatly, and people around him will find it difficult to understand, and it will gradually become like this. Moreover, people's physical and mental state is the same, and a healthy state of mind makes people feel comfortable and stable. If there is a big change from the previous mentality, we should pay special attention, such as feeling tired, uninterested, more anxious or depressed than before, or having physical pain and discomfort. After the doctor's examination, he didn't find any physical organic diseases, which are probably related to people's mental health.
If you or your relatives and friends meet any of these three principles, can you be completely sure that you have psychological problems or mental illness? This depends on the concrete analysis of specific problems: psychological clinical practice has found that even if one of the above three principles is met, there may not be psychological problems or mental diseases, but these abnormal situations must attract our great attention and attention, and we must actively prevent the occurrence of mental diseases.
Because the diagnosis of mental illness has more specific medical standards, the diagnosis of mental illness should be made by psychologists or psychiatrists, and no one else can label people as mental illness at will, because it is not only disrespectful, but also likely to bring psychological burden and negative effects to people. For example, the behavior and personality of teenagers have changed, and individual children wear strange clothes and behave strangely. This may be because they are in the stage of learning and physical and mental growth. Due to the characteristics of ability development and personality plasticity, their unconventional and weird behaviors are often imitations and creative attempts in the process of growth, as well as the influence of rebellious psychology, which will generally return to normal after a while.
Then, if we apply the three principles of judging mental health and find that someone meets one of these three principles, what should we do? We suggest that people should be treated differently according to the severity of their normal lives, depending on the actual situation. There are five situations:
1
Psychological problems:
I really feel a little different, or different from my wishes or the past, but it has not seriously affected his or her normal life. I don't feel very painful in interpersonal relationships and subjective feelings, but I don't know the changes that are taking place at the moment. This situation is just that normal people have psychological problems and have doubts and worries about the physical and mental changes that have taken place. You can consult school teachers, make corresponding psychological knowledge consultation, or inquire online, read relevant books and communicate with friends.
2
Psychological confusion:
Basically, it conforms to more than one of the three principles and has an impact on people's normal life and study. Individuals often struggle to cope with this situation. They can endure physical and mental discomfort through subjective efforts, but there is no good way to eliminate it, and their emotions are affected, such as being a little depressed or constantly nervous and excited, and they can stick to normal interpersonal communication, study and work most of the time. In view of this situation, it is generally effective to communicate with friends, parents and teachers and get their experience guidance. If you receive professional psychological counseling and counseling, the effect will be better. Psychological counseling can help you effectively prevent psychosomatic diseases and strengthen mental health care.
three
Psychological barrier
It completely conforms to one or more of the three principles and has a great influence on people's normal life and work. Subjectively, they feel obvious discomfort or pain, which is often accompanied by automatic avoidance and withdrawal. It takes hard subjective efforts to overcome its negative effects temporarily, and this worrying situation often occurs, such as school phobia, fear of going to school, fear of attending classes, etc., which will bring a lot of inconvenience and difficulties to normal interpersonal communication, study and work. To deal with this situation, we should actively choose psychological counseling, seek help from psychological counselors, face up to our own problems, and accept professional psychological counseling and psychotherapy services.
four
Mental illness:
More than one of them completely conforms to the three principles, which has a great influence on people's normal life and work. Subjectively, they feel significant discomfort or pain, which really exceeds the specific feelings of ordinary people for the same stimulus, such as irritability or indifference, accompanied by pathological reactions such as automatic thinking and behavior. Subjective efforts have made it difficult to control the symptoms of discomfort and have a strong desire and behavior for treatment. To deal with this situation, we should actively turn to professional psychological counseling, accept professional psychological tests and diagnosis, accept multi-course psychological counseling with therapeutic function, and sometimes take medication as needed.
five
mental sickness
Fully in line with more than one of the three principles, people's normal life and work can no longer be carried out smoothly, subjectively feel serious discomfort or pain, or lack self-knowledge about the current situation and diseases, and their feelings, perceptions, memories, thinking and behaviors are obviously different from those of normal people, but I am unwilling or unwilling to treat them, or have hallucinations, delusions and uncontrollable emotions and behaviors, or ignore people for a long time, and live a lazy life or are too keen on dressing up. After discharge, you should insist on taking medicine, and you can only accept psychological counseling during the recovery period to stabilize the curative effect.
The above are based on the three principles of mental health judgment, which are divided into five levels that affect people's normal life and activities. It is suggested that if you have psychological problems or confusion, you can communicate with teachers, classmates and parents more. If it doesn't help much, you can seek the help of professional psychological counselors. If you have mental disorder or mild neurosis, you can directly turn to a professional psychological consultation institution for professional psychological diagnosis, psychological test, psychological consultation and psychotherapy. If there are symptoms of mental illness such as uncontrollable psychological abnormality or auditory hallucination, it is recommended to go to the psychiatric department of the hospital for diagnosis and treatment. In a word, we should apply the ten standards of mental health, constantly improve and perfect our psychological quality, and prevent mental illness and promote physical and mental health according to the three principles of mental health judgment.
Sound personality understanding
? Sound personality? It is a new concept of the times and expresses the state of human nature. To sum up, the ideal standard of a sound personality is the perfect unity, balance and coordination of physical, psychological, moral and social elements of personality, so that people's talents can be fully exerted. For itself, its basic characteristics mainly include positive and objective self-awareness, facing up to reality, rational cognition of others and society, healthy body, happy and optimistic emotional experience and positive life goals, good and stable interpersonal relationships, independent self-awareness, sense of responsibility and creativity, and striving for one's future.
The so-called sound personality, that is, whether you know yourself correctly, whether your goal is clear, and whether your personality is sound, is not something worth humbling and showing off. In fact, the real voice still depends on yourself.
Generally speaking, no one will have a sound personality, and everyone has a personality that they lack. Even if he realizes this, it's hard to change. The key is whether I can put my own standards and attitude towards problems. Only in this way can I fully integrate into the society and let the voices of people around me supplement my disability.
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