3. 1 Strengthen information collection and establish a scientific, perfect, continuous, authentic and effective classified information database.
The key for enterprises to reduce the purchasing cost of raw materials lies in the scientific purchasing price strategy. They can't just wait and see the arrival of the low-priced market and miss the opportunity of "timely" procurement, nor can they ignore the ever-changing market price changes and take the risk of high-priced procurement. To achieve this goal and formulate a scientific purchasing price strategy, we must strengthen the collection, collation and analysis of purchasing information, establish a scientific, perfect, continuous, true and effective information database, and provide powerful facts and data for purchasing. For the establishment of the information database, we can not only collect the latest information of raw material market, CBOT, domestic futures market and expert analysis and forecast all over the country through channel media, but also collect the relevant information of customers, governments, industries and professional consulting institutions, and strip useful information from them. More importantly, it is necessary to integrate and analyze the useful information collected by enterprises with the internal information of enterprises. Establish information databases of suppliers, procurement and transportation information, inventory information, sales information, financial information, product market information, etc. To form the information that enterprises have the power to balance suppliers and enhance their bargaining advantage in raw material procurement.
3.2 Establish and improve the quality control system of raw material procurement.
Establish and improve the quality control system of feed raw materials procurement, mainly including raw material quality procurement procedures and standards, raw material receiving, inspection and test operation procedures, raw material storage and use inspection system, etc. However, the formulation of raw material procurement and acceptance standards must be scientific and meet the requirements of our factory. It takes a lot of skill. If it is too strict, the required raw materials cannot be bought, which unnecessarily increases the quality cost. If it is too loose, it will lose the meaning of quality control and it will be impossible to control the quality. For details, please refer to the table of nutritional value components of feed raw materials published by the Ministry of Agriculture every year or industry standards and enterprise standards, and formulate them according to local conditions. Procurement and acceptance criteria should also clarify which projects are flexible, can accept concessions, and which projects have no room; Which components must be detected and which can be ignored. As the implementer of raw material procurement, the buyer must be familiar with the quality performance and quality standards of raw materials and conduct procurement according to the procurement quality standards. Raw materials must be received in strict accordance with the procedures when entering the factory. Raw materials entering the factory should be sampled according to the specified method first, and the sensory and moisture indexes should be accepted. When the main raw materials are discharged, they should be sampled and sent for inspection according to 100%, and the qualified materials can be officially put into storage; At the same time, according to different raw materials, the corresponding nutritional indicators should be tested. If it can't meet the prescribed nutritional standards, it can be matched with other similar high-nutrient raw materials to ensure the product quality, or it has no obvious influence on the product quality and needs to be produced urgently. Quality assurance agreement (including name, origin, specification, grade, mode of transportation of raw materials, means of quality assurance during transportation, testing method of raw material quality, acceptance standard of testing results, provisions on handling quality accidents, etc.). ) you can sign a contract.
3.3 Optimize the procurement process of raw materials
A reasonable and scientific raw material procurement process is a safeguard measure to ensure that raw materials with the right quality, price and quantity can be purchased. Usually the process of purchasing raw materials is: demand plan → purchase plan → order → acceptance → reimbursement → payment. Because most of the procurement activities are independently completed by the procurement department (personnel), this process lacks an effective and scientific supervision and management restraint mechanism, and it is easy for a few people to engage in malpractices for personal gain and operate behind the scenes. In order to avoid the problem of a department's (personnel's) exclusive procurement in black-box operation, realize the relative separation of supply organization right, order approval right and quality acceptance right, decentralize centralized power, make hidden power public, and form a procurement control mechanism with mutual supervision and restraint, openness and transparency, and decentralization, it is suggested that the procurement process should be improved as follows: demand plan → procurement plan → procurement certification → ordering → procurement management. Among them, the purchase planning process: demand planning → receiving demand planning → demand analysis → determining purchase quantity → preparing purchase plan; Procurement certification process: procurement plan → main supplier selection → quality certification → price certification → procurement channel determination; Purchase and ordering process: certification of purchase plan → signing contract → contract tracking → arrival acceptance → reimbursement and payment. Procurement management process: order authentication → business support → business audit → optimization and adjustment → approval and implementation. Of course, there are differences in management and personnel quality among enterprises, and enterprises have their own raw material procurement processes. However, the ultimate goal of procurement management is to realize the relative separation of supply organization right, order approval right and quality acceptance right, make centralized power decentralized and hidden power open, and form a procurement control mechanism with mutual supervision and transparent decentralization, which is also the basis for enterprises to choose procurement processes.
3.4 Actively implement joint procurement
Joint procurement refers to reverse call auction, in which a feed enterprise takes the lead in proposing the purchasing intention of a certain raw material, and calls feed enterprises with the same demand in the industry to join, so as to attract powerful suppliers to bid interactively in real time, and finally the feed enterprises purchase the required raw materials at a satisfactory price discount, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing costs. Joint procurement is the best scheme for feed enterprises, especially small and medium-sized feed enterprises. It can overcome the disadvantages of traditional procurement methods, such as poor information channels, communication obstacles with suppliers, single-handedness, high purchase price, opaque transactions, and easy black-box operation. Make feed enterprises realize the advantages of lower purchasing price, efficient and transparent purchasing operation, perfect purchasing management, higher capital utilization efficiency and better supplier cooperation relationship. According to some data, through the implementation of the joint procurement scheme, enterprises can reduce the procurement cost by 70% and the product cost by 5% ~ 15%. Why does Wal-Mart always purchase "good quality and low price" in time? A huge purchase is strength. Individual feed enterprises, especially small and medium-sized feed enterprises, are in a weak position in the negotiation of raw material prices because of their small purchases. In this case, in order to increase the bargaining chip with raw material suppliers, it is obviously a good method for feed enterprises in the same area to jointly purchase. However, joint procurement needs to pay attention to four issues: first, joint ventures should be on a voluntary basis and cannot be matched with each other. Although joint procurement can bring benefits to feed enterprises, the basis for influencing enterprise decision-making is diversified. No matter the association, the administrative department or the main enterprise in the joint procurement subject, other enterprises can not be forced to join. The second is to unite enterprises with good reputation. The third is to cooperate with enterprises within a certain geographical radius to facilitate post-purchase distribution and reduce distribution costs and procurement costs. At the same time, it also facilitates the communication between enterprises and reduces the management cost. Fourth, it is necessary to implement the office of the joint meeting. Each enterprise should have a special person to attend, and the chairman of the meeting should take turns to communicate, coordinate and determine when, the quantity and the standard of the consortium's procurement, so as to ensure the effective operation of joint procurement from the organization. The fifth is to implement the system of price comparison procurement and bidding procurement, give full play to the game mechanism among suppliers in public bidding, and scientifically and fairly select the suppliers that best meet their own costs and interests.
3.5 Vigorously promote online procurement
Online purchasing refers to a trading method that feed enterprises use the online trading platform of e-commerce website to complete their purchasing behavior with the Internet as the platform. This is an effective measure to reduce the procurement cost. However, in view of the imperfect reputation mechanism of society and industry, feed enterprises are still in a state of waiting and seeing more and taking less substantive actions in the face of online procurement, and the proportion of procurement realized on the website to the total procurement of the whole industry is very low. In view of the limited funds and manpower of small and medium-sized feed, we should boldly adopt online procurement in the management of raw material procurement, and use China Feed Online, Yinong.com, China Yi Hui Information and other professional and international e-commerce consulting platforms integrating feed commodity trading, related information and related services to establish an online procurement platform, implement online procurement and online bidding, reduce procurement costs and enhance the competitiveness of the company. However, it is necessary to choose which website to implement online procurement, which website can provide additional business support such as capital flow, logistics and information flow for the transaction between feed enterprises and suppliers, and which website can eliminate the uncertainty of online transactions between both parties.
3.6 Pay attention to the coordination of procurement to ensure the smooth procurement channels of raw materials.
The key for enterprises to reduce the cost of raw material procurement lies in "timely, appropriate quality and appropriate price" procurement, but the work is done by people, and the supply chain management mode of feed enterprises is advanced and the system is perfect. If we don't pay attention to coordination in purchasing management, it will be difficult to build the purchasing channel of high-quality raw materials for feed enterprises. Therefore, enterprises should have the overall concept of "taking care of the overall situation", coordinate the relations between all parties from four aspects, and establish a relatively stable material supply chain with competitive mechanism and supply and quality assurance capabilities: First, attach importance to the harmonious relationship with suppliers. Feed enterprises should not only fully understand the supplier's industry, business strategy, business situation, competitive advantage and ability, and enhance their bargaining power, but also form a strategic partnership with suppliers on the principle of "win-win", and strive to gradually change the simple trading relationship into a strategic partnership between the two sides, from competitive procurement to strategic procurement, and incorporate supplier management into our entire procurement and supply system to form a batch of products with stable quality and reasonable price. Second, coordinate the work of the quality control department to ensure the acceptance of raw materials. When the raw materials are delivered according to the requirements of the order, the purchasing personnel shall promptly assist the quality control department in acceptance. Confirm the quality, batch and quantity of the goods, and the quality control department will issue a review sheet for the unqualified products in time, and inform the other party to negotiate solutions to avoid returning goods and try to reach a mutually acceptable treatment opinion. Third, strengthen communication with the production and marketing departments. The purchasing plan begins with the production and marketing plan. If purchasing can't communicate effectively with the production and marketing departments, the supply and demand of raw materials will often be in an unbalanced state. Can not achieve the harmony and unity of procurement, production and marketing planning and inventory. In order to avoid the negative impact of bad inventory and the separation of procurement and production and marketing plans, it is necessary to coordinate the information communication between procurement and production and marketing. Fourth, coordinate the relationship between financial departments and guard against financial payment risks. When compiling the purchasing budget, we should make a scientific forecast of the changes in the raw material market and arrange the payment schedule reasonably. Especially in the process of contract signing or execution, we should pay more attention to the current situation of financial funds to avoid the shortage of funds affecting the continuation of procurement or the execution of contracts, and then affecting the smooth realization of supply and demand, production and sales. In recent years, with the intensification of competition in feed market, the decline of profit rate, the increase of service cost and the homogenization of product management in feed enterprises, the procurement management of feed raw materials has been paid more and more attention by enterprises. Many enterprises have successfully promoted the establishment and development of enterprise brand, capital and scale by strengthening the scientific management of feed raw material procurement. However, at present, many small and medium-sized feed enterprises do not pay enough attention to raw material procurement management, and the problems of low efficiency and high cost in enterprise procurement and logistics operation are more prominent, which have affected the development and growth of enterprises. This paper briefly describes the significance, existing problems and measures of strengthening raw material procurement management in small and medium-sized feed enterprises.