Postgraduate entrance examination for psychology: research field of aerospace psychology

The research fields of aerospace psychology mainly include the following aspects: 1. Psychological selection and training of pilots. The purpose of psychological selection and training is to cultivate aviation or aerospace pilots who are qualified in psychological quality and psychological characteristics and competent for their jobs. According to the experience of aviation flight training and scientific research results, qualified pilots must have excellent psychological quality and appropriate psychological characteristics, such as quick and accurate perception, wide and flexible attention distribution and transfer, coordinated body movements, good imitation ability, strong memory and thinking ability, strong flying will and so on. 2. During the Second World War, aerospace engineering psychology focused on strict psychological selection and reasonable training to improve people's flying ability and meet the needs of the development of aircraft and weapon systems. However, due to the continuous improvement of flight altitude, speed and maneuverability of aircraft, the instruments and control equipment in the cockpit of aircraft have increased dramatically, and the numerous and ever-changing information provided in flight has sometimes reached or even exceeded the limits of human cognition and action response. Therefore, the ways and methods to transmit the dynamic information of aircraft should consider the characteristics of human physiological and psychological functions, and the equipment of aircraft should be convenient for human application, which creates conditions for the emergence of aviation engineering psychology. 3. Aerospace environmental psychology flies in the atmosphere, and the pilots will be affected by various environmental factors such as high altitude hypoxia, low gas, drastic temperature change, acceleration, vibration, noise and glare. Space flight outside the atmosphere is more affected by weightlessness, narrow cockpit and long time from the ground. These factors can obviously change people's perception, action response and emotional state, which is not conducive to flying work. Emotional stress and abnormal emotional reaction are mental health problems encountered in aerospace psychology. How to effectively carry out relaxation training and psychotherapy to reduce excessive tension or abnormal reaction is attracting scholars' attention. In addition, the compatibility of personality and temperament characteristics among crew members is also a problem studied by aerospace psychology. In the daily life environment, some personality characteristics and behaviors of people can be forgiven or completely ignored. However, in the small space of the spaceship, people have to face each other nervously for days or even months. At this time, some personality characteristics and behaviors will become irritating to others and even make people feel uneasy. Therefore, it is difficult for the crew to get along with each other, and sometimes there will be contradictions, which will hinder the normal completion of the flight mission. Therefore, when choosing the captain and other personnel of the spacecraft, we must pay attention to the matching of the crew's personality and temperament characteristics from the psychological point of view.