Full text:
After the completion of the six kings, the four seas are one, Shushan is upright, and Afang is out. Overpressure exceeds 300 miles, isolated from the sun. Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Hold the terrain, intrigue. There are countless waves in the hive. What is a cloudless dragon lying on a long bridge? After the road is empty, don't blame Eric? High and low, I don't know the west and the east. Singing warm, spring is harmonious; Ballroom cold sleeves, wind and rain sad. Within a day, the climate is uneven between palaces. (I don't know a work: I don't know; Western and Oriental Works: East and West)
Concubine, Wang Sun, resigned from the temple downstairs and came to Qin to sing in the evening. They are from Qin Gong. The stars are shining and the cosmetic mirror is on; Lv Yun came forward and combed Xiao Huan; Nutrient flow is greasy, and fat water is abandoned; The smoke is foggy and the pepper orchids are also burning. The thunder shook and the palace car passed; I don't know what I was doing when I was listening in the distance. A muscle, a capacity, extremely beautiful, looks forward-looking, but looks lucky. Those that have disappeared, 36 years. The harvest of Zhao Yan, the rule of Han Wei, the elite of Qi and Chu, and the plunder of several generations, relying on the mountain to take advantage of the situation. Once you can't get it, you lose it. Tinkling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles are thrown away and smashed, and Qin people regard them as the standard and do not cherish them.
Ha ha! One person's heart, ten thousand people's heart. Qin loves luxury and people are homesick. How can we use it as much as possible and use it as sediment! Make the columns of negative buildings more than the farmers of nanmu; There are more rafters on the beam than working women on the plane; The phosphorus in onion is more than that in millet. The joints of ceramic tiles are uneven, more than the whole body silk; There are more vertical columns and cross sills than nine battlements; The orchestra's strings are hoarse, and they talk more than the city people. Let people all over the world dare not speak or get angry. The single husband's heart is getting more and more arrogant. The defenders shouted, the valley of letters closed, the Chu people burned, and the poor were scorched!
Oh! Those who destroy the six countries are also six countries, not Qin; Qin is also a Qin family, not the world. Ha ha! Make the six countries love each other, enough to refuse Qin; Let the state of Qin love the six countries again, and give it to three generations to be king forever. Who wins and who dies? Qin people feel sorry for themselves, and later people mourn for them; Later generations grieved, failed to learn from it, and let future generations mourn for future generations.
Appreciate:
From the content structure, this fu can be divided into four sections.
The first paragraph is about the grandeur of Epang Palace.
The opening begins with four short three-character sentences with compact syllables and extraordinary momentum, achieving the phonetic effect. The word 12 not only describes Qin Shihuang's heroic spirit of unifying the whole country, but also describes the extraordinary architecture of Epang Palace. The language is so concise that it cannot be abridged. Next, from panorama to ontology construction, write the grandeur of Epang Palace. "Covering an area of more than 300 miles, isolated from the sky of the sun and the moon" outlines the magnificent Epang Palace, which covers a vast area and is hidden by Lingyun, giving people an overall impression. The four sentences of "Li Mountain is built in the north and folded in the west" describe that Epang Palace was built according to the mountain trend and went down the river, which still highlights its style of taking from nature and being longer than nature. The following description of Wei Shui and Fan Chuan's "flowing into the palace wall" naturally transits to the architectural features of Epang Palace. Among them, pavilions and verandahs are actually written and described in detail; Fictitiously wrote a long bridge and a complicated road, and imagined it as magical and magnificent. Then, through exaggeration and contrast, by writing about the warmth and coldness of songs and dances, it describes the strange phenomenon of "one palace a day, but the climate is uneven", which sets off its grandeur and breadth.
The second paragraph describes the beauties and treasures in Epang Palace, exposing the luxurious life of the rulers of the Qin Dynasty, laying the groundwork for the following discussion.
Write the origin of "concubines" first, and explain that it is the result of "the six kings are perfect and the four seas are one", taking care of the first one. The author uses six sets of parallelism sentences, such as "the stars shine and the makeup mirror is open", to write the miserable life of ladies-in-waiting dressing up and "standing far away to see happiness" The mirror is like a star. It is like Lv Yun. "Abandoning fertilizer" will increase Wei water and burn pepper into smoke. These vivid descriptions not only show the tragic fate of ladies-in-waiting, but also reveal the arrogance and extravagance of Qin Shihuang's life. Under Zhao Yan Ji, the author was bullied and his works were trampled on. Here, the jade jinding, which was originally treasured by the six countries, was piled up and abandoned like clods and iron pots. "Qin people regard it and don't cherish it."
The third paragraph, from description to discussion, explains the original intention of writing this essay.
First, sigh with "harmony and Hu", and point out that "Qin loves luxury and people also miss home", and then ask: "How can it be regarded as sediment?" Then, six sets of figurative sentences "make ... more than ..." are all used to fully reveal the profound disasters brought by the extravagance of the Qin Dynasty to the people. After a lot of preparation, the style of writing changed, and the "people in the world" who dared not speak but dared to get angry competed with the "increasingly arrogant and impregnable" rulers. As a result, Epang Palace became a scorched earth.
The fourth paragraph summarizes the historical lessons of the Six Kingdoms and the demise of Qin, and warns the contemporary rulers.
The author can't help sighing. After "Alas", he put forward an argument to clarify the truth of self-taking; Shen Fu states the following arguments, pointing out that loving the people is closely related to long-term stability. Finally, it is meaningful to use the euphemism "descendants" to remind the rulers of the Tang Dynasty not to repeat the mistakes of the Qin Dynasty.
From an artistic point of view, this poem uses the following techniques.
First, imagination, metaphor and exaggeration
Epang Palace was destroyed by the war, and its shape has long been unknown, and the records in Historical Records (see the quotation in Huo's Appreciation of Epang Palace Fu for relevant information) are not very detailed. This makes the writing of Epang Palace more difficult, but it leaves the author room for imagination. It can be said that Du Mu artistically reproduces Epang Palace in this sketch. Whether it is the exquisite carving under the eaves of pavilions or the splashing ink on the long bridge, it all comes from imagination. These strange imaginations not only do not give people a feeling of affectation, but can guide people to vividly present the grand occasion of this palace in their minds along the road he has opened up. The achievement of this effect is directly related to the vivid metaphor and bold exaggeration used in this paper. For example, the passage "Make the pillar of the negative building more than the farmer of Nanmu" is both metaphorical and exaggerated out of imagination, which has a strong artistic appeal.
Second, description, arrangement and discussion
From the overall structure, the first two paragraphs of this fu are mainly about description, while the last two paragraphs are mainly about discussion. The foregoing description is to pave the way for the following discussion. However, no matter the description or discussion, the arrangement is widely used, and the narrative is romantic, extremely exciting and refreshing. Examples of layout in description, such as "Starlight Glimmer, makeup mirror is also open"; Examples arranged in the discussion, such as affirmative and negative statements in the last paragraph. This is, of course, the traditional way of writing Ci Fu, but what is commendable is that Du Mu didn't pile up the same words like compiling a book, but wrote it in an uncomplicated and just right way.
Third, compound sentence dispersed.
This fu gives play to some advantages of parallel prose, such as layout, antithesis and rhyme. , but also a large number of single sentences are used to spread out lines and enhance expressiveness. If you use "five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a cabinet;" Corridor waist back, eaves high; After the six words "each holds the terrain and intrigues", it is followed by the long sentence "How many times, how many times, the honeycomb vortex, I don't know how it will fall". In this way, the sentences are integrated, the length is unlimited, the rhythm is clear, and it is more expressive.