L technical management measures
1. 1 Implementation of technical disclosure
Foreman is the direct commander of on-site construction, and his role directly affects the completion of construction indicators. In addition to the administrative function of team management, it also has the function of technical management, and the most direct work is technical disclosure, because the technical disclosure of the foreman is a technical document that integrates various technical requirements, including "construction organization design", specifications, standards, design drawings, atlas and so on. Main content requirements:
(1) focuses on the specific technical requirements and adopted construction technical standards of partial projects that each team is responsible for. (2) the quality standard of each division subdivisional work. (3) Preventive measures and precautions for common quality defects. (4) Safety disclosure, introducing the lessons of similar engineering quality and safety accidents in the past and the specific safety countermeasures that should be taken.
1. 1. 1 disclosure should be scientific.
The so-called scientific nature refers to the correct basis, correct understanding and correct disclosure. Specifications, procedures, drawings, atlas and standards are all effective at present, which is the premise. The key is to understand them correctly, turn them into their own things and use them flexibly. The most important thing is to explain to the operation team that they are construction technical documents that integrate various technical documents, so that the operation team can carry out the construction correctly according to the disclosure.
1. 1.2 The disclosure should be targeted.
It is necessary to overcome that the design and construction instructions are the same as the technical disclosure, and each building number is the same, which ultimately cannot guide the construction. According to the characteristics of each monomer disclosure, really guide the construction.
(1) concreteness
Such as drainage system: installation from casing, reserved hole, distance between pipeline and wall, form and distance of pipe clamp, pipeline slope, verticality, connection mode, required quality target, etc.
(2) comprehensiveness
Draw details if the drawings are unclear, and the team cannot be allowed to play freely; If the drawings are unclear, they should be supplemented to prevent the operators from misunderstanding or losing items.
(3) Practicality
The words "construction in accordance with design drawings and construction and acceptance specifications" shall not be used for disclosure, and the control points on the design drawings shall be clearly written. Then write down the key contents of the relevant provisions of the Code, so that for the operator, as long as it meets the disclosure requirements, it will naturally meet the design, construction and acceptance specifications.
In addition, the evaluation standard of quality inspection is the basis for the superior inspection unit to judge the quality grade and for the builder to control the quality. Therefore, when making disclosure, the specific requirements for reaching the corresponding level should be clearly written. On the other hand, if the operator works according to the disclosure requirements, it will reach the expected level. You can't wait until the content requirements of the inspection and evaluation standards are written to judge whether it has reached the corresponding level. If not, rework will be wasted. Therefore, the practicality of the open content will truly reflect the operability, and the purpose is to make the operator change from passive to active.
1.2 quality assurance measures
The construction of building installation project is actually an assembly process. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of the project, we must first put the raw materials on the construction site. Secondly, it is necessary to explain how to strengthen technical management, do a good job in the problems between models, common quality problems, preventive measures, and technical measures for new technologies and new materials. Finally, we should explain how to do a good job of inspection and testing.
1.3 finished product protection measures
This is the most easily overlooked link in construction, because the construction project is a systematic project, which is connected by pipelines, not just every independent instrument and equipment. Therefore, while protecting appliances and equipment during construction, we should also protect pipes and fittings. To achieve this requirement, we should find ways in technical scheme and technology, for example, UPVC sewage riser installation should be carried out after plastering the civil wall.
2 do a good job of embedded quality control
The pre-embedded stage of building installation engineering is an organic part of building engineering, and its construction quality directly affects the quality level of building engineering. Timely, complete and orderly quality management in the reserved and embedded stage is the basis to ensure the quality of installation engineering. Do the following inspection:
(1) Whether the drawing description is complete, clear and definite; (2) Whether there are contradictions among buildings, structures, equipment and pipelines, and whether the thickness dimensions of equipment layer, tube well, shaft and floor meet the installation requirements; (3) Whether the dimensions, coordinates, elevations and pipeline intersections on the drawings are consistent; (4) Whether the equipment installation, equipment installation foundation and space are appropriate; (5) Whether the equipment layer pipeline is reasonable; (6) Whether the reserved holes and sleeves of walls and plates are missing and whether the size elevation position is correct; (7) Whether there are mistakes, bumps, leaks, etc. Between majors; (8) What new materials have been adopted?
3 Water supply and drainage construction measures
3. 1 Pipeline Layout
Indoor water supply pipes are laid in two forms: open and concealed. During surface installation, pipes are laid in parallel along walls, beams and columns, ceilings and floors. When concealed, the water supply pipeline is laid in the ceiling, technical floor, pipe trench and shaft. The sanitary equipment branch pipe can be laid in the wall. During concealed installation, the possibility of installation and maintenance of pipelines and accessories should be considered. For example, the ceiling should be provided with a movable access door, and the shaft should be provided with an access door. The installation sequence of water supply pipeline should be: water inlet pipe, horizontal main pipe, vertical pipe and horizontal branch pipe, that is, according to the direction of water supply flow.
3.2 Installation of water supply equipment
Before equipment installation, check and check the relevant data and documents. The equipment shall be free of parts, damage and corrosion, and the rotating parts shall be flexible without jamming, jamming and abnormal sound. The installation of equipment units is based on the determined pump unit model, unit number and unit length, and its installation position and vertical and horizontal layout in the pump room are reasonably planned. The layout of the unit should make the pipeline shortest, the elbow least, the pipeline easy to connect, and leave a certain aisle and space for management, operation and maintenance.
3.3 Pipeline installation
If the construction quality of water supply and drainage pipeline is not good, there will be problems such as pipeline leakage, unstable pipeline fixation and pipeline blockage, which are also the key problems complained by many users.
3.3. 1 Pipeline leakage control measures
(1) Before the pipeline installation, carefully check whether there is any contradiction between the pipeline slope on the drawing and the maximum settlement of the building, and put forward the problems to the design in time. (2) The pipeline slope should be uniform, and there should be no reverse slope. The pipeline slope at the exit of the house should be appropriately increased. (3) It is forbidden to bury pipelines and supports on untreated soft soil. (4) Hot water pipes should be kept warm to prevent condensate from dripping. (5) The pipeline passing through the floor, wall, foundation and roof shall be protected by casing, and there shall be no pipe joint in the casing. The pipeline crossing the roof should have waterproof layer (or civil flooding) and waterproof cap, and the gap between pipeline and casing should be filled with incombustible material. (6) When connecting pipes, it is not allowed to use strong counterpart, heating pipe or offset pad to eliminate the defects such as gap deviation, staggered mouth or dislocation of the interface end face. (7) Designers should consider the area, orientation and layout of toilets and the number of sanitary wares according to the future use of the building. During construction, the construction unit and the construction unit shall not arbitrarily increase or decrease the direction of sanitary ware and pipeline, and make a good connection between drainage pipeline and sanitary ware during construction. (8) The drainage plastic pipe must be provided with expansion joints according to the design requirements and positions. If there is no requirement in the design, the expansion joint spacing should not be greater than 4m. An inspection port should be set on the riser every other floor, but the inspection port must be set on the lowest floor and the highest floor with sanitary ware. The center height is 1m away from the operating ground, with an allowable deviation of 20 mm, and the inspection port should be oriented to facilitate maintenance. An inspection door should be installed at the inspection port of the concealed riser. (9) The drainage vent pipe shall not be connected with the air duct or flue, and the installation shall conform to the specifications.
3.3.2 Pipeline Fixation Control Measures
(1) Whether the pipeline support meets the elevation, slope and direction of pipeline installation. Whether the bracket spacing meets the requirements of drawings and relevant specifications. Whether to consider the technological needs of venting and pipeline operation. (2) Strictly control the installation elevation of sanitary ware and water supply and drainage fittings, as well as the distance, fixed spacing and fixed height between the fixed parts and the wall. (3) Pipe clamp installation. The pipe clamp elevation of multiple risers in the same room should be consistent. When the length of the short pipe exceeds 200cm, the pipe clamp must be fixed at the corner, water meter and lOOmm at the end of the faucet pipe. Pipe clamp should be installed firmly, and it is not allowed to be filled with wooden wedge or mortar. (4) all kinds of stents shall not be half bright and half dark. The bracket should be punched mechanically, and electric welding reaming or gas welding cutting is not allowed. Before the bracket is installed, two layers of antirust paint and topcoat shall be painted. (5) The fire hose entering the fire water tank should be "horizontal and vertical", and it is not allowed to enter obliquely. The length of the short pipe entering the tank is more than 500mm, or the double pipe should be fixed with a bracket. (6) The fixed supports of water supply and drainage risers in high-rise buildings can be buried in the floor slab of each floor, and generally one is set on each floor, but it must be accepted by concealed works, and the elevation, quantity, material and specifications set shall be recorded and marked on the completion drawing.
3.3.3 Pipeline anti-blocking control measures
(1) After the installation of the pipe blank, the upward opening of the pipe shall be tightly blocked with a special rubber plug or wooden wedge, and the reserved drains such as toilets, bathtubs and floor drains shall be blocked in the same way to prevent construction waste and other sundries from entering the drainage facilities. (2) The drainage pipeline shall be constructed in strict accordance with the standard, and the slope shall not be reversed. (3) When installing pipes and sanitary ware, the sundries and reserved openings in the pipes should be cleaned first to ensure smooth flow. (4) Do a good job in passing the ball test of the main drainage pipe and the horizontal main pipe. The diameter of the through ball shall not be less than 2/3 of the pipe diameter of the drainage pipe, and the through ball rate must reach 100%. During and after pipeline installation and construction, all kinds of construction technical data forms should be filled in in time, and visa records should be made. For buried pipelines, concealed works should be accepted, concealed works records should be filled in, backfilled in time, and these construction technical data should be sorted and filed.
3.4 Inspection of Pipes and Sanitary Wares
All kinds of pressure-bearing pipeline systems and equipment should be subjected to water pressure test, and non-pressure-bearing pipeline systems and equipment should be subjected to irrigation test. The water pressure test of indoor water supply pipeline must meet the design requirements. When there are no regulations in the design, the test pressure of water supply pipeline system made of various materials is 1.5 times the working pressure, but not less than 0.6MPa. Inspection method: observe lOmin of metal and composite water supply pipeline system under the test pressure, and the pressure drop shall not be greater than 0.02MPa, and there shall be no leakage when it drops to the working pressure; The plastic pipe water supply system should be stable at the test pressure of 65438 0 h, and the pressure drop should not exceed 0.05MPa. At the same time, check whether there is leakage at the joint. Sanitary facilities should be tested for water retention for not less than 24 hours.
4 electrical engineering construction measures
4. 1 electrical equipment
After the electrical equipment and materials enter the site, the storekeeper, materials engineer and quality inspector shall cooperate with the supervision engineer to check whether the goods meet the specification requirements, whether the model, specifications and performance parameters of the equipment and materials are in line with the design, check the instructions, certificates and spare parts, conduct visual inspection, make unpacking records and keep them properly.
4.2 Electrical Piping
First of all, in the construction of cast-in-place concrete structure, the installation of piping and the binding of civil steel bars should be carried out simultaneously, and the piping must be concealed and inspected before concrete pouring can be carried out. During masonry construction, the installation of concealed pipes, embedded boxes and boxes should be carried out simultaneously with civil engineering. The installation position elevation of switch box and socket box should be controlled within the allowable deviation, and the box mouth should be flush with the wall and level. Butt welding of metal conduits is strictly prohibited, and galvanized and steel conduits with wall thickness less than or equal to 2mm shall not be connected by casing welding. When connecting steel pipes, the welding parts shall be strictly controlled according to the specifications. The two pipes of the flame-retardant plastic pipe should be flush, and the casing should use matching products. The two ends of the casing or the two pipe joints are not allowed to be wrapped with black tape.
4.3 Integrated Wiring
The total cross section (including protective layer) of wires in metal trunking shall not exceed 20% of the cross section in trunking (control and signal shall be less than 50%). When the trunking is laid vertically and obliquely, measures should be taken to prevent the wires from moving. Metal tube ends should be protected, wire connectors should be located in boxes and boxes, pe wires should be yellow-green wires, multi-core wires should be tinned, and the wire nose should match the wire diameter. When cables, enclosed buses and metal trunking pass through the firewall and shaft floor, they shall be separated by fireproof clapboards and fireproof materials. Galvanized cable tray must have at least two connecting fixing bolts with locking nuts or check washer, and the total length should not be less than the length that can be connected with the grounding trunk. Galvanized round steel or flat steel is usually used to lay along the outside of the pallet. Ordinary cable terminals can be bundled, and the main cable should be sheathed in addition to bundling. The filling rate of cables in the bridge frame should not be greater than 40% (control cables should be less than 50%). When the cable is laid vertically, the upper end and every 1.5-2m shall be fixed; When laying horizontally, the head, tail, turn and every 5- 10m shall be fixed, and signs shall be added at the head, tail, turn and every 50m. Turn of cable rack should be selected.
4.4 Building lightning protection
In order to prevent lightning strike, the main reinforcement of the building is marked with red, and the roof from which the main reinforcement leads is connected with the lightning protection belt with galvanized flat iron of the same specification. When the indoor lighting distribution box and meter box are introduced, the buried working grounding wire and galvanized flat iron should be exposed. After the electrical installation of the building is completed, all electrical lines must be tested for insulation resistance before power transmission. It is forbidden to send electricity to unqualified lines. The insulation resistance of each loop should be greater than 0.5MΩ, and the resistance values of lightning protection grounding and protective grounding should meet the design requirements.
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