The information competitiveness of enterprises is the key factor for enterprises to enhance their comprehensive competitiveness. On the basis of expounding the connotations of knowledge management and information competitiveness, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to use the idea of knowledge management to enhance the information competitiveness of enterprises from aspects of coding enterprise knowledge, establishing an efficient information management system, establishing enterprise knowledge base, and cultivating knowledge workers.
The United Nations Institute 1990 first put forward the concept of "knowledge economy". Today, microelectronics represented by computers, as well as new technology groups such as optical fiber, bioengineering, marine engineering, space technology, new energy and new materials, have become the main force of world economic growth. As a brand-new economic form, knowledge economy is based on knowledge resources and guided by knowledge. Through the process of knowledge production, dissemination, diffusion, integration and reproduction, accumulation and innovation produce the most valuable product-oriented knowledge and the most important productivity. This remarkable feature not only brings new vitality to the development of enterprises, but also brings a series of new challenges in thinking and management methods to the operation of enterprises. Knowledge management is a strategic countermeasure for enterprises to meet the challenges of knowledge economy era, so it is imperative for enterprises to strengthen knowledge management.
First, the ideological connotation of knowledge management
1. The concept of knowledge management
The concept of Knoent was first put forward by Dr. Carl-Eric Sveby, the "father of knowledge management in the world". The earliest concept of knowledge management is mainly applied to enterprises, and there is no unified definition at present. The frequently cited definition of knowledge management comes from Yogesh Malhotra, a senior knowledge management expert and doctor of economics. He believes: "Knowledge management is a kind of catering measure for the adaptability, viability and competitiveness of organizations when enterprises face more and more discontinuous environmental changes. In essence, it includes the development process of the organization, and seeks to organically combine the data and information processing capabilities provided by information technology with human invention and creation capabilities. "
2. The ideological connotation of enterprise knowledge management
Enterprise knowledge management is a narrow understanding of knowledge management, that is, from the inside of the enterprise, it includes the management of enterprise organization, information and people.
(1) enterprise organization and management. The introduction of knowledge management into the new organizational management model has expanded the scope of knowledge enjoyment and made the organization an important source of knowledge and a system of learning and knowledge innovation. For example, knowledge supervisor (CKO), knowledge management project manager (KMPM) and knowledge engineer (KE) who undertake macro-control and middle-level guidance functions are set up in different management levels of enterprises, and they constitute the drivers and architects of organizational knowledge management. These are the embodiment of the enterprise's strategy of attaching importance to knowledge management in the organizational structure.
(2) Information management. Information management is the foundation and important part of knowledge management, and the theoretical system of information management is the ideological source of knowledge management. It is the foundation and important tool of effective knowledge management, and it can't be separated from information management.
(3) Humanized management. Knowledge management pays more attention to the management of people, because talents are really at the core in the whole process of information acquisition. Knowledge management believes that the management of people can not only provide a wide range of knowledge sources, but also establish a good organizational model to promote the dissemination and effective use of knowledge, which adapts to the requirements of the era of knowledge economy.
Generally speaking, enterprise knowledge management is a process of effective management of enterprise knowledge resources. Its goal mainly includes two aspects, one is to enjoy knowledge, and the other is to innovate knowledge.
Second, the enterprise information competitiveness
The information competition of an enterprise is the competition that the enterprise produces for the information necessary for itself, competitors and competitive environment and the information of the competitive strategy derived from it in order to gain and maintain the competitive advantage. In short, the information competitiveness of enterprises is the ability of enterprises in information competition activities and a basic competitive ability of enterprises. Its characteristics are innovation, intelligence, data and high efficiency.
(1) Innovation is mainly manifested in the "knowledge" innovation of enterprises.
In the era of knowledge economy, "knowledge" is not only a cognitive category, but also a broad practical, social and economic category. Knowledge and environment, the social subject and object of human society, are advancing in the same direction. "Knowledge" innovation includes product innovation, value and behavior change. Knowledge innovation is the driving force and foundation for the sustainable development of enterprises.
(2) The level of enterprise intelligence is one of the standards to measure an enterprise's information competitiveness, which belongs to the level of knowledge management. It is mainly used to analyze and evaluate the extent to which enterprises enjoy information and share ideas. Enterprises with information competitiveness can continuously improve their intelligence level.
(3) Data and efficiency are the processing of information from the perspective of enterprise management. Each management layer is interconnected to form a peer-to-peer chain and a matrix chain; In the process of information collection, screening, processing and processing, each node in the chain plays a variety of functions. An enterprise with information competitiveness can shorten the length of peer-to-peer chain and the scale of matrix chain, simplify manual coordination and improve efficiency, thus improving the comprehensive management level of enterprises.
From the three characteristics of information competitiveness, the connotation of enterprise information competition has been greatly expanded, which is not only related to the management of information itself, but also related to technology; It is also a competition based on knowledge and knowledge management.
Thirdly, the concept of knowledge management has improved the information competitiveness of enterprises.
The arrival of the era of knowledge economy has caused changes in economic theory and practice, and knowledge management theory provides a new perspective for the study of information competitiveness. The enterprise management and development strategy with knowledge management as the core has become the consensus of the theoretical and enterprise management circles and the key point to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. The improvement of enterprise knowledge management level in China can not be separated from the improvement of enterprise knowledge management level, and information construction must be strengthened. The main ways are:
1. coding enterprise knowledge effectively
The so-called knowledge coding is a series of processing such as input, classification and standardization of knowledge, which makes it easy to appreciate and communicate and can be transmitted through information means. It can be seen that knowledge coding is an important foundation for enterprises to realize knowledge management and the basic work for enterprises to enhance their information competitiveness.
(1) Coding of explicit knowledge. For explicit knowledge (including patents, trademarks, business plans, market research and customer lists, etc.), coding strategies can be adopted. ). We can start with the electronization of written materials, form electronic files of relevant materials inside and outside the enterprise through text input or scanning, and establish a certain directory system for electronic management, so that it can be reused in the organization, laying a good foundation for the enterprise to establish databases and internal networks in the future. Using this strategy, we should focus on motivating employees and recording knowledge. In European and American companies, the collection, distribution, reuse and measurement of existing coding knowledge are emphasized, and practitioners use information technology to capture and distribute these explicit knowledge.
(2) Coding of tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is embodied in enterprise value culture and exists in employees' minds, which is difficult to grasp. However, due to its great proportion and high value content in enterprise knowledge, enterprises must also do a good job in this area.
Enterprises can organize experts, professional technicians, skilled workers and other relevant personnel according to the specific situation, and adopt various effective methods and means such as knowledge map, expert system and knowledge engineering to identify and excavate the system according to the needs of enterprise business process, market competition and long-term development to form and maintain competitiveness. Then the tacit knowledge identified and excavated is scientifically classified and systematically measured from the aspects of importance, difficulty in acquisition, enjoyment and uniqueness. And effectively integrate them, so that the scattered and disorderly tacit knowledge of employees is orderly and organized, and finally coding is realized, and the core knowledge of enterprises is gradually cultivated and formed.
2. Establish an efficient information management system.
The development of network information technology has created a simple and quick channel for the dissemination and enjoyment of knowledge. Traditional primary and secondary documents characterized by static data or information can no longer meet the needs of enterprise users. If enterprises want to improve their information competitiveness, they must establish an efficient information management system. An efficient information management system must fully consider enterprise conditions and users' information needs, conduct systematic synthesis and analysis, and support network information technology. Such a system should include: information collection subsystem, information processing subsystem, information storage subsystem and information query subsystem.
(1) Information collection subsystem means that enterprises collect the information resources they need according to certain rules and methods, and send the searched information resources to the information processing subsystem for sorting, indexing, establishing the corresponding index database, and finally storing them in the information storage subsystem. Generally, it includes basic modules such as information selection, downloading, filtering, sorting and evaluation.
(2) The information processing subsystem mainly uses the powerful database management system to organize the collected index information resources to form an index database. It can be said that it is the basic data for enterprises to master the latest internal and external environment, and it is also the basis for users to understand the latest trends of enterprises.
(3) Information storage subsystem is a form of organizing information, and it is the adjustment and reorganization of information source organization.
(4) Information query subsystem is to help employees, managers and users query information resources.
3. Establish enterprise knowledge base and realize knowledge sharing.
Accelerating the transmission of information and knowledge within enterprises and realizing the sharing of knowledge within enterprises are the basic conditions and methods for implementing knowledge management. Although many enterprises have their own customer database, product database and employee database, it is rare to have their own knowledge base.
Knowledge can be understood as organized information, and knowledge base is a pattern that weaves information into various relationships. When data are connected in series to form information, and then combined in turn to form meaningful knowledge clusters, the construction of knowledge base begins.
Enterprises can learn from the model established by Microsoft knowledge base. First of all, the knowledge base should be extensive, including enterprise-related information and knowledge as much as possible. The existing knowledge of agile supply chain members can be identified, classified, processed and refined to form a systematic and constantly developing knowledge asset. The system should determine the common and professional knowledge in the supply chain and introduce the members and experts who have mastered these knowledge. Knowledge network should take databases and web pages as carriers, provide members with basic communication tools such as electronic parts, voice mails, online forums, audio conferences and video conferences, and store some important communication results in the knowledge base in time.
Secondly, enterprise knowledge base should not only support static query, but also support dynamic problem solving and provide search engine. Enterprises can use keywords, full text and other technologies to search for information. This knowledge base is more like a fax support hotline, which gives people a very different feeling.
In a word, the establishment of enterprise knowledge base can not only accumulate and maintain information, make information and knowledge orderly, but also accelerate the flow of knowledge and information, make knowledge base truly become the source of information, realize cooperation and exchange within the organization and effectively manage customer knowledge.
4. Cultivate knowledge workers
Enterprise information competitiveness is not only a static "entity" resource, but also a dynamic "process" of capability realization. The formation of enterprise information competitiveness based on knowledge management should be a process of knowledge production and utilization, which is not only related to technology, but also needs to be organically integrated with "knowledge employees and processes" to fully connect with knowledge employees. In this process, knowledge becomes the core resource, employees are the carrier of knowledge and the subject of knowledge innovation. In the process of acquiring knowledge, there is an inherent dynamic relationship between knowledge workers and information interaction. The management of knowledge workers is also the embodiment of people-oriented management in knowledge management.
According to Drucker's point of view, knowledge workers refer to people who handle knowledge and information through certain skills, mastering and using symbols and concepts. Knowledge is produced by encoding information in the human brain. Before knowledge is transformed into ability, the symbols or numbers contained in it must be translated into an understandable and acceptable form, which is the decoding of knowledge. Knowledge workers are people who are engaged in this complex creative thinking work. Therefore, the competition among enterprises, the creation, utilization and appreciation of knowledge, and the rational allocation of resources will all depend on the knowledge carrier-knowledge workers. In the process of transforming knowledge into competitiveness, knowledge resources are transformed into competitiveness through the transformation platform of knowledge workers.
Four. abstract
Information competitiveness is a basic survival ability of enterprises in the era of knowledge economy. Improving the information competitiveness of enterprises from the level of knowledge management can better grasp the development trend of market and technology in time and accurately, flexibly coordinate their own strength and internal energy, and be more active and invincible in the competition with competitors. Therefore, a correct understanding of the relationship between information competition and knowledge management and the promotion of the level and level of enterprise information competition activities with knowledge management ideas will be related to the realization of the strategic goal of whether enterprises can improve their comprehensive competitiveness with the lowest cost and the highest efficiency.
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