Chinese name
aigrette
boundary
animal kingdom
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Chordata
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Vertebrate subfamily
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birds
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navigate by water/air
The distribution range of habitat habits and the protection of aquaculture methods
morphological character
These four kinds of egrets are all medium-sized (45-90 cm) egrets. It is different from the cattle egret in that it is large and slender, with black mouth and legs, yellow toes, pure white breeding feathers, slender neck and back feathers, and spiny feathers on the back and chest. [ 1]
Great egret
It has a large body, long feathers and a length of about 90 cm, and is a larger one in the genus Egret. Adult birds in Stephane are milky white. Darkmouth; There is a short crown on the head; There are long withering feathers forming a cluster between the shoulders, which extend all the way back, usually above the tip of the tail feather 10 cm, and sometimes not more than; The base of spear feather stem is tough, gradually decreasing to the tip, and the feather branches are slender and scattered. Adult birds with winter feathers have no withered feathers on their backs, no crests on their heads, and yellowish irises. This kind of heron inhabits seashores, paddy fields, lakes, mangroves and other wetlands. It is often mixed with other herons and cormorants. The great egret only moves during the day, and its neck shrinks into an S-shape when walking. The neck is the same when flying, and the feet are straight back and beyond the tail. When breeding, the skin and eyes around the eyes are exposed first, the mouth is black, and the mouth base is green and black; The exposed part of the tibia is red-gray and the feet and toes are black. In the winter feather period, the mouth is yellow, and the eyes are first partially yellow-green. [2]
Middle egret
Body length 60 ~ 70 cm; The whole body is white, the eyes are bright yellow, the iris is pale yellow, and the feet and toes are black; Reproductive feathers are decorated with spines on the back and the lower part of the front neck, with inconspicuous crown feathers behind the head and a black mouth. Habitat and activities in rivers, lakes, rice fields, beaches and shallow waters on the banks of ponds. They often act alone, in pairs or in groups, and sometimes mix with other herons. They are timid by nature and far-sighted. When flying, the neck shrinks into an "S" shape, the feet are straightened back and beyond the tail, the wings are slowly stirred, and the flight is leisurely and straight. Mainly feed on small fish, shrimp, frogs, locusts, crickets and other animals. China Egrets are summer migratory birds in southern China, and some of them will stay for the winter. [3]
Little egret
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Thin, milky white: Adult birds in Stephane have two long, narrow and soft spear feathers on their pillows during breeding, which look like double braids; There are withered feathers on the shoulders and chest. In winter, all the withered feathers often fall off and the iris turns yellow. The exposed part of the face is yellow-green, the mouth is black, the mouth is cracked and the base of the lower mouth is pale yellow; The calves and feet are black, and the toes are angular and yellow-green. Usually referred to as little egret. Little egrets often inhabit paddy fields, swamps, ponds and mangroves in coastal shallows. Always bend one foot under the abdomen and stand alone with only one foot. Feeding during the day, eat small fish, frogs, shrimps, insects. The breeding period is from March to July. Breeding in groups, often with other herons, both males and females participate in nesting, and often go to the nest to repair and use in the next year. Eggs are blue-green, and their shells are slippery. Males and females hold eggs together. Eggs hatch after 23 days. [ 1]
Egret with yellow mouth
Also known as Egret or Tang Egret, it is a medium-sized wading bird with a body length of 46-65cm and a weight of 320-650g g.. The female is a little smaller. Its posture is very elegant, its body is slender and slender, its mouth, neck and feet are very long, and its body is light, which is conducive to flying. It is covered with white feathers, spotless and proud. But the color of feathers also changes greatly in summer and winter. In summer, the mouth is orange, the feet are black, the toes are yellow, and the eyes are blue first. There are many long, slender white feathers on the pillow, the longest of which are more than 10 cm long, like a pair of thin braids, fluttering in the wind and beautiful. On the back, shoulders and the lower part of the front neck, there are long withered feathers, which are scattered, so they are called "withered feathers", which extend backward beyond the end of the tail feathers, and the withered feathers at the base of the front neck hang down to the lower chest like silk threads. In the chest, waist and thigh roots, there is also a special feather that turns into powder and can grow continuously. The tips of feathers are constantly broken into powder particles, which, like talcum powder, can remove pollutants such as fish mucus attached to body feathers and play a role in cleaning feathers. In winter, the mouth turns dark brown, the base of the lower mouth is yellow, the eyes are yellow-green, and the feet are yellow-green. The withered feathers on the back, shoulders and front neck disappeared.
habitat
Habitat in coastal islands, coasts, bays, estuaries, rivers, lakes, ponds, streams, rice fields and swamps near the coast. You can see individual, paired or integrated small group activities, and occasionally dozens of large groups are together. During the day, I often fly to streams, rivers, salt fields and rice fields near the coast for activities and foraging.
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Living habits
Egret feathers are of high value, mostly white, and there are tall decorative wedding feathers in the breeding season. Habits are similar to those of other herons, but some species have courtship performance, including showing off their feathers. Large groups have no defense ability to build nests, and as a result, they are on the verge of extinction because of overfishing. It is a wading bird that preys on small fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and crustaceans in shallow water. Build messy nests on trees or shrubs or on the ground.
Mainly feed on all kinds of small fish, and also eat animal food such as shrimp, crab, tadpole and aquatic insects. It is usually pecked while walking by the river, salt field or paddy field. Its long mouth, long neck and long legs are very convenient for preying on animals in the water. When it preys, it wades gently, keeping its eyes on the small animals moving in the water, and then suddenly pecks into the water with its long mouth, pecking the food into its mouth accurately. Sometimes they often stand by in the water, waiting for an opportunity to prey on passing fish. [ 1][2]
Rare and Protected Animals in China: Egrets
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distribution range
There are 20 species of egrets in China, among which egrets are the most precious. Sanduoqiao Village, Yi Baishi Town, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing has the first egret nature reserve in China. There are more than 20,000 herons of all kinds in this area. There are herons 10 species in Xiamen, accounting for 50% of the total number of herons in China. Among them, 5 species of egrets are complete, which reflects that Xiamen's geographical location and wetland environment are typical and representative in the distribution of egrets resources. In recent years, the number of egrets in Xiamen is as high as 30,000 every year. According to international standards, it shows that the intertidal zone in Xiamen sea area and the habitats of lakes around the sea are important wetlands for egrets in China and internationally. Egrets are also distributed in Zaolin Bay, Yizheng City, Jiangsu Province. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam, it became an important habitat for waterfowl egrets, which greatly changed the distribution of egrets in China. Make it one of the bird watching attractions. [ 1][3]
Egret habitat after impoundment of the Three Gorges Project
Breeding mode
The breeding season is from May to July every year, and nests are built on islands near the coast and rocks hanging along the coast or between short branches. I like to build nests together in groups. Someone once found 14 nests on a rock top with only about 20 square meters of hanging rock, and 1 1 nests on an adjacent rock top with only 10 square meters of hanging rock, and the distance between each nest was only 14-76 cm. The shape of the nest is shallow dish-shaped, and the structure is relatively simple, mainly composed of hay stems and grass leaves. Nests are built on short trees, and the maximum height from the ground is no more than 1 m, and some nests are built in the grass under short trees. Each nest lays 2-4 eggs, which are oval and light blue. The incubation period is 24-26 days.
Protect the status quo
The great egret belongs to the species listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. It has been included in the Agreement between People's Republic of China (PRC) and Japanese Governments on the Protection of Migratory Birds and Their Habitats. Egret is the most common kind of egret, commonly known as egret, which belongs to the list of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The yellow-billed egret is a national second-class key protected animal. The yellow-billed egret is an internationally endangered species.
The yellow-billed egret was once a common summer migratory bird along the southern coast of China, especially from Shantou, Guangdong to Fuzhou, Fujian. It was also seen in the Yalu River in the northeast and Hunchun in the east of Jilin in the 1960s. In the early 1980s, more than 200 ~ 300 pairs of nesting populations were found in Liaodong Peninsula and coastal islands, and dozens of large groups were often seen foraging in coastal waters. However, due to the destruction of the environment and human interference, especially because its pure white hairy feathers and withered feathers are extremely precious decorations, a large number of them are hunted every year, so the population has decreased obviously recently. Therefore, its number is decreasing day by day, which has become very rare. According to the midwinter waterfowl survey in Asia organized by 1990 and 1992, 1992 saw only 143 waterfowl in China and 448 in Southeast Asia. At present, the yellow-billed egret has been listed in the Red Book of Endangered Birds in the World by the International Committee for the Protection of Birds (ICBP) and listed as a national second-class protected animal in China. [4]
The history of birds and egrets described by the ancients
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Rare and Protected Animals in China: Egrets
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The wading egret is probably the best animal to catch loach in the world.
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reference data
[1] Little Egret. China Digital Science and Technology Museum [citation date 2020-08- 17]
[2] Great Egret. Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [citation date 2020-08- 17]
[3] Chinese egret. Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [citation date 2020-08- 17]
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