First, the main difference between list pricing and quota pricing
List pricing is an advanced and brand-new pricing model, which conforms to the provisions of "market formation price" in the price law and can reflect the individual cost of enterprises. It is obviously different from the fixed pricing model in terms of cost composition, unit price composition, subtitle division and pricing basis.
1, the form of unit project cost is different.
Quota valuation consists of five parts: direct engineering cost, comprehensive management fee, construction measures fee, other expenses and taxes. When pricing, the direct cost is calculated first, and then the comprehensive management fee, other fees and taxes are calculated with reference to the market information rate published by the project cost management agency, and then all the fees are summarized as the unit project cost.
Bill valuation consists of five parts: bill of quantities, bill of measures, bill of other items, expenses and taxes. After the first three expenses are calculated and summarized respectively, the corresponding expenses and taxes shall be calculated according to the regulations.
2, the composition of the unit price of partial projects is different.
The unit price of the project with fixed valuation is the fixed base price, which only includes labor cost, material cost and machinery cost. Is the guiding price during the bidding period, reflecting the social average cost price during the quota preparation period.
Bill valuation is a comprehensive unit price determined by construction enterprises, which includes management fees (site management fees and enterprise management fees), profits and necessary risk fees in addition to labor costs, material costs and machinery costs. It is the market price when the construction enterprise quotes, reflecting the individual cost of the enterprise. The direct cost, expenses and profit in the comprehensive unit price are determined by the bidder according to the actual expenditure and profit expectation of the enterprise and the bidding strategy, which is the actual cost of the construction enterprise. The adoption of comprehensive unit price is not only beneficial for the construction enterprise to control the cost in the middle of the project after winning the bid, but also convenient for the payment of project funds, the adjustment of project cost and the settlement of the project, and avoids some unnecessary disputes caused by "charging fees" between the two parties to the contract.
3. The division of unit projects is different.
The project division of quota pricing is the project division in budget quota, which is divided according to a working procedure of construction. Each professional quota consists of thousands of project codes. Different processes, different parts, different materials, different construction machines, different construction methods and material specifications are all divided in detail, and the calculation is also very complicated.
First, the project names of construction projects, decoration projects, installation projects, municipal projects and landscaping projects are summarized, and the projects are re-divided into one or more processes according to the construction characteristics of each major, which is more comprehensive than the division of quota projects, and also reduces the restrictions of the original quota on the selection of process methods for construction enterprises, so that construction enterprises have more autonomy in bidding. Secondly, the re-divided items are coded uniformly, and the five-level coding setting is 12 Arabic numerals, which is more convenient to use. Thirdly, the calculation rules of measurement units and quantities of each project are unified, which makes the calculation content of quantities clear and reduces the disputes caused by different measurement units or calculation methods in the construction process.
4. The basis of valuation is different.
This is the most fundamental difference between bill pricing and quota pricing. The only basis of quota pricing is quota, and the compilation method has the characteristics of locality and industry. Every province has its own quota, and every industry has its own quota, so consumption is also instructive. The main basis of list valuation is enterprise quota. At present, most enterprises may not have enterprise quota, but with the popularization of bill of quantities valuation form and the increase of quotation practice, enterprises will gradually establish their own quota and corresponding project unit price. When the enterprise can quote the comprehensive unit price according to its own situation and the relationship between market supply and demand, the pricing pattern of independent quotation and market competition (through bidding) will also be formed, which is the goal of list pricing. The essence of implementing list pricing is to change the government pricing model, establish the market and form the cost mechanism. Only by individualizing the pricing basis can we achieve this goal.
Second, how to adapt to and make good use of bill pricing
1, the future development of bill valuation adopts bill valuation bidding, that is, the tenderer provides the bill of quantities uniformly, which not only reduces unnecessary double calculation of quantities, but also effectively ensures the consistency of bidders' competition basis and reduces bidders' bidding failure caused by unexpected calculation errors of quantities. It has also effectively changed the behavior that the tendering unit blindly depresses the price in the bidding, and the construction unit increases the engineering quantity and sets a high quota in the project settlement. It is not only an integral part of the tender documents, but also the basis for compiling the pre-tender estimate and bidding quotation, signing the project contract, adjusting the engineering quantity and handling the final accounts of completion. The fixity of the comprehensive unit price is also greatly reduced, which effectively controls the unreasonable claims of the construction unit and reduces settlement disputes, similar to FIDIC clauses commonly used in the world. Obviously, in this new pricing model, the risks caused by the calculation errors of engineering quantities or engineering changes are borne by the owner, and the risks caused by the fees and unit prices in the bidding quotation are borne by the contractor, which not only improves the transparency and fairness of the bidding, but also conforms to the requirements of the bidding law for winning the bid at a low price, and also conforms to the general principles of reasonable risk sharing and equal rights and responsibilities.
2. Enterprise quota is an urgent problem for construction enterprises. It is a difficult problem to carry out the valuation mode of bill of quantities: construction enterprises should have their own enterprise quotas. Construction enterprises can constantly adjust and optimize the internal structure of enterprises according to the changes of the market to adapt to the market and compile their own quotas.
3. There are still many places that need to be further improved in the developing list valuation. List of measures taken. All the measures listed in the list of measures are quoted by "one item", that is, one measure is quoted at a total price. Of course, in the total price, we must also decompose the expenses of adults, materials and machines, as well as the management fees and profits of enterprises. The general items listed in the list specification are 1 1, and there are 24 construction projects, decoration projects, installation projects and municipal projects. Some of these items belong to the direct cost in the original quota. The original calculation method is relatively simple, either according to the building square meters or according to the prescribed proportion. Now each item needs to be carefully divided and calculated according to the requirements of construction organization design and the actual situation on site, in order to have a result.
To sum up, list pricing has great advantages over quota pricing. These advantages not only reflect the rationality of bidding competition, but also reflect that enterprises are constantly improving their competitiveness in order to seek development. Therefore, we should not only carry out the bill of quantities specification in all stages of project valuation, but also study and master the bill of quantities seriously in this process to adapt to this new pricing model as soon as possible.
The above is the difference between list pricing and quota pricing collected by Bian Xiao. I hope it helps you!
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