Papermaking invented by China not only promoted the development of its own culture, education and science and technology, but also spread to all parts of the world through the Silk Road, which promoted the cultural development of China, Arabia, Europe and even the whole world. It has greatly promoted the development of human civilization, especially modernization.
/kloc-After the 0/8th century, with the development of culture, education and science, the consumption of paper in European countries is increasing. Due to the single production of hemp paper, raw materials have been seriously insufficient, and people are constantly looking for substitutes. At the same time, they once again turned their attention to China, where papermaking was invented, seeking new information about the development of papermaking technology in China, so that the new papermaking technology in China was directly introduced to Europe.
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Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. Compared with other writing materials, the paper surface is smooth, white and inky, and can also be dyed; Wide format, many characters, easy to cut and make into various types; Soft and folding-resistant, can be freely rolled, easy to carry and store; Long service life and easy storage; The raw materials for papermaking are easily available and the price is low; Widely used, not only for writing and printing, but also as packaging materials.
These incomparable advantages make paper, once invented, enduring, spread all over the world and deeply loved by the world.
It can be known from archaeological excavations that the early paper was made of plant fiber (hemp), so the "wadding" in "paper, wadding and day" in Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty refers to hemp fiber. 1933, Professor Huang Wenbi of Peking University first discovered a piece of hemp paper at Hanfengqi site in Lop Nur, Xinjiang. "At the same time, the wooden slips unearthed in the first year of Huanglong (49 BC) are the year number of Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di, so this paper is also a relic of the Western Han Dynasty."
Until 1990, scholars discovered hemp paper made in the early and late years of the Western Han Dynasty eight times in Xinjiang, Shaanxi and Gansu, all before Cai Lun's "papermaking" in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
On the basis of predecessors, Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty summarized the experience of manufacturing hemp paper and made technical innovation, and organized the production of a batch of hemp paper with better quality. Not only that, he also broke through the papermaking technology of woody bast fiber, presided over the successful development of paper, which made the papermaking raw materials more extensive and promoted the development of papermaking and papermaking.
In Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, besides hemp paper and paper, mulberry paper and rattan paper were also produced. In the Central Plains, bamboo curtain bed molds were widely used in papermaking, making paper the main writing material in this period. The Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties were the heyday of hemp paper, and the invention of block printing further promoted the prosperity of the paper industry.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, bamboo paper was made in the south, and during this period, golden flower paper, water pattern paper and flower paper decorated with gold and silver powder were also invented. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, due to technological progress, leather paper and bamboo paper became the main kinds of paper, while hemp paper began to decline due to raw material problems. The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of papermaking, and its technology was also recorded in "Heavenly Creations, Immortality" in the Song Dynasty. After China invented papermaking, it began to spread all over the world.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Papermaking (History of China)
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