As the largest water control project on the Yellow River, the Xiaolangdi project is second only to the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River in scale, with six comprehensive functions: flood control, siltation reduction, ice prevention, irrigation, water supply and power generation. As far as the complexity and technical difficulty of the project are concerned, it is world-class and is regarded as one of the most complex and challenging projects across the century. Through international bidding, the three civil works of dam, flood discharge and underground powerhouse were undertaken by Italian, German and French contractors and the consortium of 14th, 7th, 11th and 6th hydropower bureaus in China respectively, and the electromechanical installation was undertaken by the FFT consortium of 14th, 4th and 3rd hydropower bureaus in China through bidding.
First, the connotation of the factory director responsibility system
As the chief supervision engineer, he is the chief commander of engineering construction supervision and undoubtedly plays a decisive role. The research and practice of Xiaolangdi project further clarified that the director should do the following:
(1) Assist the owner in bidding and contract management, and strive to get involved in bidding as soon as possible to facilitate contract management;
(2) Prepare contract documents, be familiar with relevant regulations and abide by contract guidelines;
(3) Strengthen contract consciousness and manage contracts with correct guiding ideology;
(4) Determine the project organization and supervision organization system, and formulate the supervision policy and basic workflow;
(5) Determine the person in charge of the supervision department, determine its tasks and division of labor, and establish a perfect post responsibility system;
(6) The contractor must be supervised and managed on site, and a long-term and stable on-site management organization must be established;
(7) Presided over the formulation of the project construction supervision plan and comprehensively organized its implementation;
(8) Make decisions on the related work of project implementation in time. Such as scheme approval, engineering changes, accident handling, contract disputes, engineering claims, implementation plans, unexpected risks, etc. ; When dealing with contract issues, timely coordination and quick decision-making are particularly important;
(9) Review and sign the commencement order, shutdown order, resumption order, payment certificate, completion data, supervision documents and reports, etc.
(10) Report the supervision situation to our company regularly and irregularly;
(1 1), as the representative of the company in the project, communicates with the owner, contractor and relevant units of the government supervision department, and submits the project supervision report to the owner within the specified time.
The second is the concrete practice of "three controls, two management and one coordination" in the construction supervision system.
Xiaolangdi Project has been entrusted by Xiaolangdi Construction Management Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources of the project owner to undertake comprehensive supervision since the preliminary works of 199 1 started. According to FIDIC clause, this paper makes a useful exploration and attempt on the integration of "three controls, two management and one coordination" in engineering construction supervision with international standards. Make unremitting efforts to achieve "building first-class projects, cultivating first-class talents and summing up first-class experience".
According to the project bidding situation, Xiaolangdi Consulting Co., Ltd. established four engineer representative departments according to FIDIC terms. Representatives and deputy representatives (equivalent to the chief supervision engineer of the project) have been appointed, and a series of post responsibilities and systems have been established to strictly control and manage the progress, quality and investment of dams, flood discharge, underground power generation facilities and electromechanical installation in accordance with the contract terms and technical specifications. The representative (chief supervision engineer) of each bid section is responsible for formulating the "supervision plan" of each bid section, reviewing and compiling the "supervision implementation rules" formulated by professional engineers, and carrying out supervision business in an orderly manner in accordance with FIDIC terms. The field engineer works in three shifts day and night, including all-weather on-site supervision, patrol inspection, semi-finished materials inspection, foundation treatment, geotechnical test, joint survey, formwork reinforcement inspection, warehouse surface acceptance, concrete pouring, excavation support, anchor cable, grouting and filling. Every working procedure and every link should be checked at different levels, strictly checked and accepted, so as to nip the hidden dangers of accidents in the bud and effectively control the progress of the project and the payment of the price. At the same time, corresponding professional departments have been set up to manage technology, contract, survey, original observation and test, and the front general duty room has been set up to coordinate with the owner's water, electricity, road and other relevant departments, closely grasp the construction dynamics, and solve a series of interferences and problems encountered in construction in time through various on-site coordination meetings (called "White House Meeting" by foreign contractors because there is a White House in the front general duty room). Give daily feedback to the project owner, the leaders of the consulting company, relevant representative departments and functional departments through the "duty briefing in front".
According to the above supervision mechanism, in addition to the "schedule and quality" control, in the investment control, the supervision engineer will strictly follow the bill of quantities in the contract, the approved design changes, the engineer's on-site instructions, the monthly adjusted price difference and the influence of various laws and regulations, and issue a payment certificate in a standard format, which will be reviewed by the contract department and signed by the director. In terms of information management, engineers manage in accordance with FIDIC terms, and all engineering-related activities are recorded in written form, including a large number of correspondence between contractors and engineers, on-site supervision duty records, weekly construction progress reports, payment vouchers, various meeting minutes, memos, unit projects, division project quality evaluation records, on-site geological sketches and other information briefings. , all filed and saved by electronic media, which laid a good foundation for sorting out the completion data. In terms of organization and coordination, in addition to the coordination of the general duty room mentioned above, the internal regular meeting and on-site coordination of the engineer's representative department, and timely handling of various contradictions and disputes. To make the project go smoothly.
Because of this, with the joint efforts of the project owner, contractor and supervision company, namely Xiaolangdi Consulting Company, Xiaolangdi Project overcame all kinds of difficulties, and was closed as scheduled on June 28th 1997+05438, and the foreign contractors were pushed back little by little after the construction period of 1 1 month. 1999 10 water storage, 1999 The first unit was qualified for power generation at the end of the year. In 2000, two units were used to generate electricity, and a series of staged victories were achieved. River closure acceptance, organized by the State Planning Commission, the overall quality of the project is excellent; The construction period of the three civil works blocks is 5 ~ 13 months ahead of the original contract. In the spring of 2000, at the critical moment when the downstream of the Yellow River was about to be cut off, Xiaolangdi Reservoir discharged 700 million m3, which sacrificed the power generation benefit and ensured the downstream water supply, showing great social benefits. Approved by the central leadership, the Ministry of Water Resources commended and rewarded. Xiaolangdi project has begun to exert great comprehensive benefits of flood control, ice prevention, siltation reduction, water supply and power generation. The total investment of the project is controlled within the budgetary estimate, and the fruitful work of the consulting company has been well received by the special advisory group of the World Bank, relevant domestic experts and the project owner-Xiaolangdi Construction Administration.
Of course, the three-year construction period of the preliminary project was completed in two years, which was also due to the outstanding results achieved by implementing the construction supervision system.
Third, the vivid embodiment of "fair third party"
Claim is the right of both parties to the contract to claim compensation or compensation from the other party for losses caused by the other party's responsibility rather than their own fault according to laws, contract provisions and practices. During the performance of the contract, both parties can claim compensation from each other for their own interests. This is the legal right of both parties to the contract and normal. When dealing with contract claims, engineers are employed by project owners, but they are impartial third parties. According to the principle of "honesty, fairness and objectivity", based on the contract, with various signatures and original records accumulated in the supervision process as objective evidence, and without favoring any party, the claim problem of contract disputes in the first and third tenders was properly solved. The dispute between the owner and the contractor was coordinated by DRB (Dispute Jury), and an agreement was finally reached after dozens of negotiations. In the performance of the contract, the engineer not only safeguarded the legitimate interests of the owner, but also took into account the reasonable requirements of the contractor, so both the owner and the contractor were satisfied.
Fourthly, the combination of ISO9000 standard with supervision and consulting services.
Based on the concept that supervision consultation is service, facing China's imminent accession to WTO and the acceleration of global economic integration, how to seize the opportunity and meet the challenge has become a new topic for Xiaolangdi Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. ISO9000 is an international standard. In order to further improve the company's service quality and management level, and enhance the company's competitiveness, the consulting company carried out and passed the ISO9002 quality system certification on 1999, obtained the certification of Yukas international standard, and passed the first supervision and audit in 2000. In the preparation of the quality manual, control procedures and work instructions, the responsibilities and authorities are further defined, and the company's "quality policy" and "quality objectives" are determined. т standard package management responsibilities, quality system, contract review, design control, document and data control, subcontractor control, information provided by the owner, product identification and traceability control, service quality evaluation, measurement test and observation design control, nonconforming product control rectification and preventive measures, supervision, consultation achievement delivery, quality record control, internal quality audit training, service and statistical technology, etc. In the tide of market economy, our management level has also reached a new level. In order to participate in the supervision and consulting market competition, a pass was added. Over the past two years, the continuous and effective operation of our ISO9002 quality system has proved that the ISO9000 standard has been integrated into our supervision and consulting services, and remarkable achievements have been made in the bidding consultation of Baise Project in Guangxi, Jiaozuo Flood Control Project in Henan, Nierji Project in Nenjiang River in Northeast China, Gongboxia Project in the upper reaches of the Northwest Yellow River, gas transmission pipeline project, Zhanghewan Pumped Storage Power Station in Hebei, Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project in Shanxi and other projects.
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