These five saints are all from Zou Lu and Confucianism. The reason why they are honored as saints is that they have extremely bright morality and wisdom. They have applied what they have learned and made the China Yuan Dian series of "Four Books and Five Classics".
It laid the foundation of the core values of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom, and created an ideological paradigm for people to observe, analyze and solve basic problems in life and society. Cultural classics, values and ideological paradigms are the internal driving force and basic rules to promote the sustainable development of Chinese civilization according to its own logic.
1, Confucius
Created the wind of private schools and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and trust. There are 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. He led some disciples to travel around the world for thirteen years, and revised the six classics of Poetry, Book, Rite, Yue, Yijing and Chunqiu in his later years. After his death, his disciples and re-disciples recorded the words, deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled The Analects.
This book is regarded as a Confucian classic. Confucius was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time. He was honored as a "saint of heaven" and a "muduo of heaven" when he was alive, and even as a saint, the most holy and the most holy teacher of Confucius by later rulers.
2. Yan Hui
Cao surnamed Yan, Ming Hui, Zi Ziyuan, a native of Lu, lived in Ugly Lane (now Ugly Lane Street in the old city of Qufu City, Shandong Province, where Yan Temple is located) and was honored as Fu Shengyanzi, a thinker of Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the head of the seventy-two sages of Confucius.
At the age of thirteen, I worshipped Confucius as a teacher and taught him all my life. He is the most proud student of Confucius. Confucius praised Yan Hui most, for his studious and caring. Lu Aigong died on August 23rd of 14. Scholars of past dynasties respected Yan Hui, deserved Confucius, sacrificed him to prison, posthumously conferred the title of Lord Yan, and became a saint again.
3. Ceng Zi
Our surname is Zeng, Shen, Ming, and a native of Wucheng, southern Shandong. A thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period, one of Confucius' disciples in his later years, an important representative of Confucianism, and a descendant of Yu Xia.
Ceng Zi occupies an important position in the development history of Confucianism. Later generations honored him as "Zongsheng" and became one of the four well-deserved partners of Confucius Temple, second only to Yan Yuan, who was "restored to sainthood".
4.Zisizi
Kong Ji, Zi Zisi, grandson of Confucius, son of Confucius and son of Kong Li. Born in the thirty-seventh year of Zhou (483 BC), he died in the twenty-fourth year of Zhou Weilie (402 BC) at the age of 82. China was a famous thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Zisi occupies an important position in the development history of Confucian school. He inherited Confucius' doctrine of the mean, opened Mencius' theory of mind and nature, and had an important and positive influence on Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.
Therefore, during the reign of Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zisi was called "Yishui Hou" by posthumous title; In the first year of Shunzhi in Yuan Wenzong (A.D. 1330), posthumous title was honored as a sage.
5. Mencius
Mencius (about 372 BC-289 BC) was born in Zouguo (now Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong) during the Warring States Period. A famous philosopher, thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period, one of the representatives of Confucianism, was second only to Confucius, and was also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius.
Advocating "benevolent government", he first put forward the idea that "the people are more expensive than the monarch". The Original Road by Han Yu listed Mencius as a figure who inherited the Confucian orthodoxy in the pre-Qin period, and the Yuan Dynasty posthumously awarded Mencius as "elegant Gong Sheng" and respected him as "elegant saint".
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Another important contribution of these five Confucian sages is to inherit, carry forward and innovate the excellent family study, family education and family style since Yao and Shun, and form a family style unique to sages such as Zou and Lu.
Confucius, Yan Zi, Ceng Zi and Mencius have the best mentors. Half of their tutors came from their mothers: Confucius and Mencius lost their father when they were young, and they were all raised and educated by their mothers. Confucius and Meng Mu are models of mother education.
These two great mothers independently undertook the important task of family education, inherited the fine tradition of family education in Zou Lu, and also inherited the family style of Zou Lukong, Yan, Zeng and Meng. Their timeless demeanor is amazing. Confucius and Mencius grew up by inheriting their mother's teachings.
When they get married and have children, they will have a strong, profound and vivid memory of their loving mother's family education, and carry it forward, and combine their own family education thoughts to innovate and develop, forming a family style of Confucius and Mencius.
Yan Zi and Ceng Zi didn't follow the path of Confucian and Mencius family style formation because their parents lived for a long time. Their situation is similar. Father and son studied in Confucius' school together and were directly influenced by Confucius' teachings, forming their own family styles. Stefanie and Ceng Zi are rising stars, and each generation is stronger than the next.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Saint (Chinese noun (address person))
Zhonggong. Zou Lu Culture and Sage Family Style