With the continuous expansion of the scale of modern engineering construction projects, the technical difficulty and quality requirements of construction are also constantly improving, and the complexity and difficulty of construction management in the construction field are getting higher and higher. For this reason, the amount of information that various departments and units need to interact is constantly expanding, the frequency of information exchange and transmission is also increasing, and the requirements for information management are correspondingly higher and higher.
In the construction management, the traditional information management method is still adopted at present. Information is based on paper media from its generation, classification, processing, transmission to retrieval and utilization. Therefore, in the whole process, information flows at a relatively slow speed. This often affects the timeliness and effectiveness of obtaining engineering information, leading to mistakes or delays in project management. At present, many traditional construction management modes obviously limit the sustainable survival and development ability of construction enterprises in the fierce competition environment of market economy in terms of speed, reliability and economic feasibility. Therefore, it has become an urgent task for construction enterprises to make full use of the rapidly developing information technology to improve this situation.
At present, the informatization construction of construction enterprises has a certain foundation. Among the construction enterprises in Beijing, the ownership rate of desktops and printers is 100%, some enterprises have servers and set up local area networks, and most enterprises have their own Internet domain names. At the same time, there is also the problem of low level of informatization. The informatization level of most enterprises is still at the stage of office automation such as word processing and financial management, and the application of local area network mainly stays at the level of information sharing, and the application of production control is rare.
2. Problems faced by information construction of construction enterprises
2. 1 Internal development is unbalanced
The interior here can be described from two aspects: first, the interior of the construction industry: the informatization development of construction enterprises in the construction industry is uneven; 2. Inside the construction enterprise: there are also great differences between different branches and project departments, which is a typical manifestation of the low degree of enterprise informatization. The fundamental reason is the backward information exchange of enterprises and the lack of communication between units.
2.2 Lack of understanding and unclear positioning
The positioning of information system in enterprises is not clear, and many enterprises regard it as dispensable or just something to show their strength. I don't know what the significance of informatization is to my own enterprise. Some enterprises think that as long as computers are used, using the network can bring high efficiency, regardless of the supporting development of management, business and technology. They just apply their business mechanically to computer systems.
Management technology is a tool that needs managers to use. Managers, management systems and management technologies must be matched to become a harmonious management system. As a management technology in the information age, the ability of generalized management information system should be reflected and restricted by other management elements. Conversely, the content of other management elements should also consider the characteristics of management technology. This is also the reason why enterprises should adjust their management system when implementing information systems. Any form of imbalance between the three will become a disharmonious factor in management, just like a chair with three legs, no matter which one is broken, the chair will not stand steadily. We can't think that management software is omnipotent and can solve all the problems in management.
2.3 poor integration with management
Enterprise informatization does not simply replace manual labor with computers, nor does it copy traditional management methods into computer networks. Instead, it uses modern information technology and introduces modern management concepts to carry out comprehensive and profound changes in backward management, rigid organizational structure and inefficient management processes that were formed during the planned economy period and did not meet the requirements of the socialist market economy. To promote enterprise informatization, it is very important to combine it with enterprise reform, reorganization, transformation and strengthening management. [2]
2.4 leadership attention is not enough
Enterprise informatization is not only a technical problem, it involves all aspects of the enterprise, and the process of informatization is the process of changing from "rule by man" to "rule by law". Senior leaders of enterprises attach great importance to direct decision-making, publicity and implementation, which is very important for enterprise information construction. The reorganization of enterprise organizational structure and process reengineering means the redistribution of rights and interests. Strengthening control will inevitably collide with some habitual forces. These, without the firm confidence of the top management, are difficult to promote.
2.5 Ignore standardization and standardization construction.
After advanced foreign enterprise information software enters China, it is mostly used in wholly foreign-owned enterprises or Sino-foreign joint ventures. The reason is that although these enterprises also have personality differences, as the same industry, their basic points are the same, and enterprise management has also formed a set of effective theories and norms. However, we are in the alternation and exploration of the two systems, and the management of a considerable number of enterprises is not on the right track and the management is not standardized. In these cases, commercial software is often abandoned, and MIS software is developed or cooperated according to the existing model and process of the enterprise. The same application software is repeatedly developed in the same enterprise or even in different branches of the same enterprise, resulting in a huge waste of manpower and financial resources. Due to the reasons of developing technology, talents and management, it is often difficult to further improve this kind of software. Information system based on non-standard management technology is difficult to help enterprises embark on the road of modern management, and may form a negative cycle. Therefore, when planning an information system, we must first reform the management system and methods that conform to the modern enterprise management ideas, so that every link of enterprise operation meets the requirements of standardization, scientificity and standardization.
2.6 blind pursuit of advanced nature
Adopt advanced network technology and intelligent network equipment and software to realize effective control and management of computer application system; In addition to using advanced computers and related technical means, it is more important that the management mode adopted in software design should reflect the scientific and advanced nature of enterprise management system. The system should not only fully reflect the development of advanced computer hardware and related technologies and modern enterprise management theory and technology, but also meet the management and accounting needs of all levels and links of enterprises at present.
The technology that meets the needs of users is the best technology. It is of no practical significance to simply pursue advanced technology without building technology according to one's actual needs. The main factor of system success or failure does not depend on whether the latest computer hardware, software technology and communication technology are adopted. Advanced equipment is adopted, but the system design fails to provide perfect user requirements, which leads to the system can not run well, and even the system can not solve the practical problems of application, which has become a heavy burden for enterprises to abandon.
3 countermeasures
3. 1 Enterprise informatization is a "top project".
The attention of leaders is the primary guarantee for the success of information system construction. The "first principle" of enterprise information management system has been proved by the successful experience in various fields of computer application in China, and has also been generally accepted as the first principle of information system construction.
The construction of enterprise information management system is a complex system engineering, involving computer technology, network technology and enterprise management technology that meets the requirements of modern enterprise management. All links and levels of enterprise management; The change of enterprise management mode and the adjustment of process; The change of managers' authority caused by the adjustment of institutions and posts adapts to the information disclosure and standardized management of enterprise information management system. Therefore, the construction of enterprise information management system engineering should be presided over by the general manager himself and studied collectively by the senior management team. Based on the knowledge, experience and wisdom of their respective majors, we should maintain a high starting point and high standards, and weigh, coordinate, examine and approve, make decisions and organize implementation as a whole.
The "number one principle" does not formally require the general manager to learn computer ABC and enter that pile of "heavenly books"; There is no formal emphasis on "expert leadership", and this important task is entrusted to a few computer professionals. Instead, the principle of "first" is correctly adhered to. Under the unified command of the general manager, the talents of computer technology, enterprise management technology and information management system are prepared in a planned and step-by-step manner, and at the same time, all aspects of enterprises are mobilized to continuously discover and innovate around the theme of "What do you want computers to do".
3.2 Unified understanding and consciousness
First of all, construction enterprises should realize the urgency of implementing enterprise informatization. When Lenovo considered the ERP project, Liu Chuanzhi loudly declared at the company cadre meeting: "ERP may die early, but if it doesn't die, it will only wait for death!" Lenovo can't die, it must succeed! "[3] Today, Lenovo's informatization level has reached the level of large foreign enterprises.
Second, construction enterprises should realize the firmness of implementing enterprise informatization. Informatization is not something that can be done, but something that must be done and done well. The process of informatization is a standardized process, and it is a process of changing from rule of man to rule of law. In the past, rules were established without rules, goals were established without goals, and processes were established without processes. The process of informatization is inevitably accompanied by the reorganization of organizational structure and process, which inevitably means the redistribution of rights and interests and touches the interests of some people. Without firm belief and determination, it is impossible for enterprises to implement informatization.
Third, construction enterprises should realize that the implementation of enterprise informatization is not omnipotent. Fundamentally speaking, informatization only provides an advanced means for enterprises. No matter what level of informatization, there must be rules and processes, and informatization can be solidified. In other words, the management foundation has not been formed, and informatization is empty talk.
Fourth, when it comes to enterprise informatization, most people will think of e-commerce. In fact, enterprise informatization is far more complicated than e-commerce, which only refers to the informatization of enterprise marketing links. At present, e-commerce in China is only a simple combination of online ordering, online payment and online advertising. The real enterprise informatization is to improve the overall informatization and competitiveness of enterprises. From the organizational planning of building construction to the management of man-machine materials, from daily management to administrative document processing, it is integrated into a complete information system. The informatization of construction enterprises mainly includes office automation (OA system); Business processing automation system.
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