Hetian jade in China has a long history and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Its exquisite products are an integral part of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Hetian jade is a kind of aura, symbolizing great wealth, but people often lack the vision to distinguish authenticity.
With the improvement of people's living standards, the high-grade jade used to be played by princes and nobles gradually entered the homes of ordinary people. So, where does the collection of Hetian jade ware begin? How can I buy real Hetian jade products?
One: look at the jade material:
Materials are the primary premise of jade collection, and high-quality jade materials are very important for a jade. At present, the usual price, the same level of jadeite is 6-8 times that of mountain material. In the market or online, it is more common to sell skinless mountain materials or Russian materials as fillers. Russian material is also a mountain material, and the material composition is the same. It is called Russian material because the ore is mined in Russia and the price is much lower. It is characterized by white color, but the jade is too watery, that is, the transparency is too heavy, and the density and oil texture are not as good as the authentic Hetian jade! It is difficult for people with little experience to tell if they sell rice in Russian. At present, there are only a few on the market or online.
There is no national standard for real suet jade, which is produced in ice-covered glaciers. Sheep fat jade is as white as sheep fat, which is not only white but also never turns green. It has a very high degree of grease, which is comparable to jade with unusual mountain material or sheep fat color. Some old players have been playing with jade for decades. The difficulty in obtaining and rarity of suet jade makes it difficult for jade lovers to find it. It can be said that even if you have money now, you may not be able to buy exquisite suet jade.
Nowadays, most people who call themselves suet jade are Gaobaishan jade or Yayu jade, such as high white jade without skin. Jade workers all know that the price of jade is several times higher than that of mountain materials, and they must try their best to keep the skin at work. It is often seen that some people try their best to burn fake skins in order to pretend to be Yu Zi. Whether jade without skin is jade depends on the experience and vision of the appraiser, so it is often controversial.
According to the same grade of Hetian jade, seed material is the most valuable, followed by landscape and mountain material.
Second, identify decorative patterns:
Modeling is the aesthetic framework of jade, and it is also an important factor to determine the collection value of jade. Modeling is determined by the function and shape of jade blank, and its proportion should be properly weighed. Symmetrical but not rigid, balanced and stable works are beautiful.
Pattern is the decoration of jade, and its beauty and ugliness are easy to be perceived and felt. Generally speaking, it is subject to the needs of equipment, or both depend on the needs of social functions. Decoration depends on the structure, composition, complexity and density. Where the structure is orderly, unity and harmony have appreciation value.
Third, art analysis:
Jade craft is the technical condition for turning materials into utensils, and its nature is relatively stable, so it is not easy to be truly recognized, which is a difficult problem in appreciation. Any neat, fluent and skilled craftsman must be beautiful or relatively beautiful. On the contrary, malaise and delicacy are the signs of a sharp decline in the collection value, which cannot be collected through trading. Art is the highest realm pursued by every jade, and it is also the most difficult to achieve. Everything with vivid charm and both form and spirit is the expression of artistic beauty, which embodies rich collection value. On the contrary, poor craftsmanship and poor art, blindly rubbing against the works of the ancients that violate the artistic beauty, the appreciation value is much inferior. Therefore, jade collection should not only pay attention to the material of jade, but also pay attention to the technical level and artistry of jade. There is a simple reason. The better the material of jadeite, the rarer its stock in nature, and the more difficult it is to process. The harder it is to make good jade, the higher its value.
Four: try to buy leather jade:
Hetian jade's skin is brownish red or brownish yellow, so it is customarily called Piyu. There are autumn pears, reed flowers, bordeaux, black and other colors. Jade carving artists use various skin colors as jade names, such as autumn pear skin, tiger skin, jujube skin red, sprinkled gold, black skin and so on. Many jadeites in the world have this color, but it is not as beautiful as Hetian jade. Using skin color can make beautiful jade, which is naturally interesting and called Debao.
The shape of Hetian purple jade skin is varied, some are cloud-shaped, some are vein-shaped, and some are scattered. The formation of skin color is secondary. Since ancient times, the price of the same leather material is much more expensive than that of non-leather material. Natural and brilliant skin color is a unique feature of Hetian jade seed material, and it is also a sign of authenticity. However, in recent years, the leather with fake piano color is very common, and the piano color is mostly attached to the surface. The appearance is dry and oil-free, and there is no water head, so it needs to be distinguished.
Choosing Piyu has the following advantages:
1. Yu Zi (national appraisal certificate) with steel seal is uncontroversial, and its preservation and appreciation can be determined.
2. There is a sentence in the line: "The fairy can't recognize it even if it is stripped." It mainly means that some high-quality mountain materials (even Russian materials) can be sold at a high price by unscrupulous businessmen, but the purchase price is several times different. Therefore, bare jade without skin color is controversial and it is difficult to determine its value preservation. Therefore, some people say that bare jade is controversial and its value cannot be determined. Naked jade is a black-and-white photo, while leather jade is a color photo, which gives artists ample creative space and colorful artistic enjoyment.
Five: Buy the characteristics of Yu Zi:
99% of the jade seeds are cracked due to different materials or slight impurities, so this kind of crack is called separation or blame in the jade industry. Generally, large partitions or obvious miscellaneous points will be decorated, but the existing small partitions are within the normal range, which will not affect the beauty and firmness of jade. Just as most jewel-grade diamonds have small cracks and impurities under a high magnification, they are rare in the United States, and the same is true. When buying jade: 1. Heavy skin color; 2 heavy jade; Triple process; Four material forms.
Although Hetian Meiyu is produced in Kunlun Mountain, which is known as the "ancestor of Wanshan Mountain", it is well-known at all times and at home and abroad. With the improvement of people's living standards, the high-grade jade used to be played by princes and nobles gradually entered the homes of ordinary people. Buying jade is an ideal choice for preserving investment. It is an oriental tradition to worship and love jade, and people's demand for jade is on the rise. With the expansion of the team of jade players, people's favor for jade products leads to the price increase, which also provides jade collectors with investment opportunities in time and space.
Processing of hetian jade;
There is a proverb in China that a beautiful piece of jade can only be called a fine artistic treasure after the ingenious conception and thinking of the jade carving artist. After thousands of years' development, China jade carving technology is famous for its exquisite skills and beautiful shapes, becoming a unique art in the world and enjoying the title of "Oriental Art". Jade carving masters put jade quality, jade color and craftsmanship into practice with their own efforts and wisdom. China's jade-making method originated from the productive labor of our ancestors. In China's first collection of poems and songs, there is a description of jade cutting technology, saying that "like cutting like grinding" refers to the process of jade cutting, that is, unlocking jade materials; Cuo is the further shaping and refining of jade material; Cutting is carving patterns and finished products; Grinding is polishing. These skills began in the Stone Age and developed continuously in various times, which made China jade carving technology shine brilliantly. In ancient times, jade was cut by stepping on the jade plate to make it rotate, cutting with jade-removing sand, and then carving with tools with high hardness such as thallium drill. The ancient jade carving machine was used until the founding of New China. Its functions and operation methods are basically similar, and the jade carving machines used in Xinjiang minority areas are basically the same. After the founding of New China, new jade carving machines and many special equipment were successfully developed, using diamond powder tools, which ended heavy manual labor, improved work efficiency, enhanced the expressive ability of jade carving art, and solved technical problems that were difficult to solve in the past. However, the operation technology of jade cutting is mainly manual labor, and modernization can not replace people's superb concepts and skills. So people's skills still play a major role. People can use jade cutting equipment, through a series of processing procedures, make colorful and exquisite jade, and then they can stand out and become treasures.
Jade cutting equipment and tools Jade cutting machine is the main equipment, followed by cutting, punching, polishing and other equipment. Carving tools can be divided into iron tools and diamond powder tools according to their functions.
1. Iron tools are used for cutting and grinding, mainly including:
(1) Thallium americium: When used in circular saws, it is mounted on a jade mill and rotates to drive emery to remove useless parts other than ink lines. Technically, it is divided into pulling, digging and rowing. That is, trimming and hanging corners; Picking refers to cutting lines at two corners and gouging out the middle part; Row is the reuse of cutting and digging. These are all used in the process of forming and blanking.
(2) chisel thallium: it is a small chisel thallium or drill powder chisel thallium, which can be used for blank layout and further chisel away useless parts according to the depth of concave and convex.
③ Bowl thallium: used for rotating bowls.
④ Thallium washing: used for washing and polishing large planes.
⑤ Thallium grinding: used to grind thallium of different sizes and make large samples, such as hands and heads. , so that the work can produce a more refined shape.
⑥ thallium rolling: there are flat mouth thallium rolling, fast mouth thallium rolling, chamber thallium rolling, etc. , mainly used to further refine the modeling, with the functions of pushing, digging and docking.
⑦ Thallium hook: used to hook more detailed decorations.
8 nail thallium: it has many functions. Its quick opening can be cut and rolled, and it can also be pulled in against a plane.
Pet-name ruby wiping strip: used for polishing uneven holes.
2. Diamond powder tools, that is, jade cutting tools have diamond powder on their surfaces, and their functions are similar to those of iron tools. They are used for cutting and grinding. Because the diamond has the highest hardness, it is used to cut jade, and its power is improved.
The processing procedure of jade includes a series of processing procedures to turn a piece of jade into an article. There was a set of procedures in ancient China. The procedures of jade carving in Qing Dynasty include sand ramming, pulp grinding, jade carving, pot tying, pot flushing, pot grinding, hall cutting, flower arrangement, drilling, flower piercing, wooden pot and leather pot, which reflects the maturity of jade carving technology in China. Modern jade processing procedures are generally divided into four stages: material selection, design, pondering and polishing, and each stage has certain contents.
1, material selection.
This is the first working procedure, the purpose of which is to select jade raw materials correctly and reasonably to achieve perfection. There are many kinds of jade, which vary greatly. First, to judge the type and quality of jade, it is mainly based on the indexes such as texture, color, luster, transparency, hardness, fragmentation and shape, so as to determine what products to make, strive for optimal and reasonable use, and carry out inspection procedures such as peeling, decontamination and cutting when necessary. , so as to thoroughly understand the jade material and avoid or reduce its shortcomings. Selecting materials is a very important step. Experienced artists, with a pair of penetrating eyes, can clearly understand the essence of jade and choose accurate and ingenious materials to make products outstanding and attractive.
When hetian jade is selected, it is necessary to carefully observe the jade surface. If the quality of jade is good and there are few defects, the choice can be determined by color, size and shape. Square material is suitable for vessel modeling, triangle material is used for bird modeling, and long material is used for character modeling. If jade is sexual, flawed, etc. You can cut off the epidermis at one end of the yin and yang sides, observe it and make a choice. Materials with some shortcomings are selected as long as there are good jade.
2. design.
Jade products are not stereotyped products, everything is changing. Design work should run through the whole process of jade production. The first design is modeling, which makes the modeling comfortable, smooth and popular according to the characteristics of jade materials. Therefore, we must combine the characteristics of raw materials with the beauty of modeling to highlight the different characteristics of materials, such as texture, luster, color and transparency. Beautiful texture, giving full play to the warm and moist characteristics of jade; Beautiful colors, pay attention to the expression of beautiful themes. Modeling design should also proceed from the characteristics of jade materials to ensure that the process can be made, such as brittle materials, not too delicate and tough materials, which can be used as fine workmanship.
After careful design consideration, it is necessary to draw a drawing shape on the jade material, which has two processes: rough drawing and fine drawing. Rough painting is to draw shapes and patterns on jade before making; Fine painting is to draw local details on the blank after making it. If there are any changes in the production process, the design should be revised at any time, and the designers and producers should cooperate with each other to make the jade articles better.
The modeling design of Hetian jade should be carefully designed according to the quality and color of jade, and several products can be designed with some jade materials. In the modeling, the colorful jade materials are skillfully used, and the products are more vivid and interesting. White jade products attach importance to whiteness and beauty, and the modeling surface requires roundness, which is mostly used for vessel modeling. In character modeling, ladies and Buddha statues are made to symbolize the beauty of moral sentiment. Sapphire is light in color and can be modeled with thin tires. Sapphire is light in color and can be modeled with thin tires. You can make animal models with strong colors. Ink jade is modeled according to different conditions of full ink, gathering ink and dot ink. All ink is mainly used for utensils, and ink gathering is used for beautiful colors.
3. Jade.
After the design is completed, the producer uses jade grinding tools, grinding powder, etc. And process it into products according to the design intent. Skills are ever-changing, in the final analysis, it is cutting and grinding. Cutting is to use thallium, thallium, etc. to cut off the pigments in the modeling. Its techniques include cutting, pulling, digging and scraping. Polishing is drilling and polishing with thallium. There are two different methods, punching and rolling, to grind off the remaining materials in the modeling. After the basic modeling is completed, in order to clarify the western region, it is necessary to hook, withdraw, block and contradict. The hook is a hook line; Rejection is to remove small residual materials along the uniform line; Easy to be the bottom of the hook after cleaning; The contradiction is to smooth the ground pattern. Punching, hollowing, looping and other processes are generally carried out together when pondering. Jade cutting is a creative work belonging to the art category, and the level of jade cutting personnel is the key link. Jade carving in China is famous for its exquisite skills. As many scholars and artists in the world have said, jade and its carving skills are the genius creation and outstanding contribution of China people. Now all jade carving factories in China have modern advanced equipment and skilled jade carving artists, who work creatively in the production workshop, and the artists polish exquisite jade with their dexterous hands.
Hetian jade has great toughness. When making products, only by using fine workmanship can we achieve accuracy, regularity, neatness and fluency. Seiko is a fine processing technology of details, which is difficult and an important symbol of jade exquisiteness. Hetian jade is used to make thin tires, which can better reflect the beauty of jade. Thin tire jade is an important variety of exquisite jade in China. Its production process is mainly based on string room and flower making, which makes the shape uniform and the products are mainly utensils. In some jade articles, there are also gold and silver threads embedded with precious stones. The line pressing and gem embedding technology is one of the most distinctive technologies. In addition, attention should be paid to the treatment of jade in the production, and precious jade should not be wasted because of its nature.
Step 4 polish.
Polishing is to polish the jade surface to make it smooth, bright and beautiful. Polishing is first to remove rough and fine grinding, that is, to remove the roughness of the surface with polishing tools and grind the surface very fine; Secondly, the cover is bright, which is polished with polishing powder; Cleaning again, that is, cleaning the dirt on the product with solution; Finally, oil and wax to increase the brightness and smoothness of the product.
The polishing of Hetian jade requires a smooth surface to reflect the beauty of jade, that is to say, to suppress the quality of jade.
Through the above procedures, jade is made and richly decorated to beautify and protect jade and improve its value. The main decoration of the seat is jade, which is made of wood, stone and metal. Its shape, height, thickness and carving should be based on jade modeling to make it seamless. Boxes are used to place jade articles, which generally reflect the nobility of jade articles and have special technical requirements to maintain the style of china box.
In short, a piece of jade from the selection of materials to the box, embodies the efforts of jade carving artists. A product may take as little as one month and as many as several years. A little carelessness is in danger of damage. Jade carving artists have gone through risks and worked hard. Therefore, a jade article is not only valuable in jade material, but also valuable in pondering.