Draw lessons from experience
(A) the emergence of MRO procurement management theory "
The problem of MRO material procurement in foreign developed countries has also been neglected for a long time, and managers focus on core business such as BOM procurement, resulting in MRO inventory far higher than the normal operation of enterprises. 2 1 century, except for a few special industries, most markets have entered the era of low profit, and even some enterprises in monopoly positions have felt the pressure of falling profits. Due to the excessive management of BOM procurement in the early stage, there is not much profit space to be tapped in this area, which makes multinational companies with keen sense of smell focus on MRO procurement that has been neglected for a long time. According to some surveys, the MRO procurement cost accounts for an average of 26% or even as high as 63% of the overall procurement cost of enterprises, while the actual value of materials purchased by If here only accounts for about 39% of the entire MRO procurement cost. Take an enterprise whose purchasing cost accounts for 60% of the total cost and its profit rate is about 5% as an example. As long as the procurement cost is reduced by 8%, the profit rate can be increased to 1 1%. At the same time, the improvement of MRO procurement will reduce abnormal downtime. The MRO procurement field, which has always been regarded as a small eye, has become a key point for enterprises to save costs.
(B) the introduction of MRO procurement management model
In the procurement system of enterprises, MRO procurement has long been similar to open-air market shopping, with a large number of suppliers. Some large multinational companies even have thousands of MRO suppliers. Faced with tens of thousands of brands, management costs and procurement risks can be imagined. After recognizing the importance of MRO procurement, enterprises and scholars put forward many solutions to the problems existing in MRO procurement and adopted a series of measures to improve them. According to the characteristics of MRO procurement and supply, purchasing organizations use advanced supplier management methods to seek goods from external resource markets, and the resulting MRO procurement and supply management methods mainly include:
1, integrated power supply
The supplier is responsible for supplying all materials on a specific production line. This supplier can subdivide product categories and merge many related product details at the same time.
2. Supply shopping malls
Refers to the gathering place of physical or geographical information of suppliers. The concentration of suppliers in specific physical locations can form market functions and competitive effects.
3. Dealer cooperation
It means that dealers who distribute various industrial products, have independent legal personality and have different production areas get together to cooperate in customer sales, supply and logistics management.
Step 4 buy at the ordering point
According to the change of demand and the length of order lead time, the order point, order batch number, order cycle and maximum inventory level are accurately calculated, and the continuous order operation mechanism and inventory control mechanism are established to meet the demand and minimize the total inventory cost.
5.JIT procurement
Just-in-time procurement is a kind of procurement method based entirely on meeting demand. The goal of this kind of procurement is to deliver the right quantity and the right variety to the place where the user needs it when the user needs it, and the buyer does not keep the inventory.
6. Supply chain procurement
Supply chain procurement is a procurement mechanism under the supply chain model. This kind of procurement can realize the procurement and supply function together with the established strategic procurement organizations in cross-industry organizations. The characteristics of this kind of procurement and supply are: first, the supplier should take the initiative; second, the buyer should explain its own demand law to the supplier and communicate the inventory information in time.
7. E-commerce procurement
E-commerce procurement is a procurement mode under the Internet environment, which is characterized by online trade negotiation, ordering, placing goods orders and settlement. Therefore, the convenience brought by the Internet to procurement mainly lies in business flow, information flow and capital flow, which is a logistics revolution.
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