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During the Warring States period, the vassal states generally abolished the feudal system of Doctor Qing, and implemented the county system, resulting in the emergence of titles such as Tong Hou and Jun, which were different from those of the former Doctor Qing. These new titles all had food cities of different sizes, but they could not be inherited.
Qin dynasty
In the Qin Dynasty, we continued to use the twenty products from male scholars to car attendants set after Shang Yang's political reform, which were specially used to reward achievements. After eating in counties and counties, other nobles should also eat their salaries like officials.
Han Dynasty
The Western Han Dynasty followed the twenty ranks of the Qin Dynasty and added a royal rank. When Wang Jue had a hero, Gao zu was completely annihilated. From then on, aristocrats were only available to royalty. In the early vassal States, there were dozens of counties and several small counties, all ruled by the kings of the vassal States, and the Han court only set up one teacher for them. The rest of the prime ministers, civil servants, lieutenants and censors were all set by the king himself. After the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, the imperial edict of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Yangdi and the restructuring in the first year, the kings only had to pay their own taxes and could not pre-occupy the state affairs. Abolish the official titles set by the Han Dynasty, such as literature and history, physician, doctor Zhong Ling, Tingwei, Zong Zheng, teacher, etc. , and changed the prime minister to the prime minister, in charge of things such as the county satrap, so that the lieutenant in charge of things such as the county captain. From then on, the kingdom is no different from the monarch. The kingdom system in the Eastern Han Dynasty was the same as that in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty. The prefectures and counties only changed the satrap to the prime minister, a captain to the lieutenant, and placed Fu Ling in charge of the palace.
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, 143 people were named Liehou (Liu Che, the emperor gaozu, was avoided, and Chehou was changed to Liehou). Liehou's fief is called the country. Tens of thousands of big countries and 500 small countries. After Guo set the country as a county magistrate and was ordered by the county magistrate. Li Hou set up his own family, illegitimate children, doctors under the door, washing horses, pedestrians and other officials to govern the state affairs. Fierce Hou's residence in the capital was led by the Lord's lieutenant, and the chief visited it from time to time. The Hou system in the Eastern Han Dynasty is no different from that in the Western Han Dynasty, except that the Hou State is smaller, the largest has only four counties, and the smallest only eats one pavilion. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao gave titles in Liehou, Guannei Hou, Guanzhong Hou 17, Guanwai Hou 16, and Five Mansions Hou 15, with the names of the cities under the jurisdiction of Shu and Wu at that time, and the sealed people could not collect rent tax, which set a precedent for future generations.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to raise war funds, twenty ranks (below Shanhaiguan) were sold, which made twenty ranks despised by people. As a result, those who made meritorious service to soldiers set up eleven other martial arts titles (first class soldier, second class leisure guard, third class hero, fourth class division, fifth class official collar, sixth class soldier, seventh class commander, eighth class Yueqing, ninth class soldier, tenth class political collar and eleventh class military guard), and then they also sold them.
Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties
wai cao
Cao Cao abolished the so-called knighthood of twenty products and knighthood of military commanders. In the early years of Huang Dynasty, the title system was divided into nine grades: Wang, Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi, Gong, County Hou, Township Hou and Guannei Hou. From baron to baron, there are titles and fiefs. There are no fiefs below the county level, but there are rents. In addition to Jiupin titles, Cao Cao also created titles such as Hou, Guan Zhonghou, Guan Waihou and Wufu Hou, which were reserved for knighthood, but they were still unopened and there was no food. Wei system: the prince sealed the king, the son of the king sealed the township public, the son of the heir king (not the original king) sealed the township Hou, and the son of the public sealed the pavilion Bo; Kingdom county, small county.
Western Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty
Titles in the Western Jin Dynasty are very complicated, with 18 levels, including Wang, Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi, Gong, Founding County Gong, Founding County Hou, Founding Country Bo, Founding Son, Founding Country Gong, Township Hou, Shanhaiguan Hou, Shanhaiguan Hou.
The baron is not a prince; Duke (county magistrate, county magistrate), Hou (county magistrate, county magistrate), Bo, Zi and Gong are all dedicated to the imperial clan; Heroes were named "Founding" Duke, as well as Hou Xiang, Hou Ting, Hou in Shanhaiguan Pass and Hou outside Shanhaiguan Pass. The title system used since the pre-Qin period was officially abolished.
The governors of the Western Jin Dynasty were similar to the governors of the early Western Han Dynasty, and they all wanted to despotic their own countries. The case "Book of Jin" records that there are 20,000 big countries and 5,000 soldiers (2,000 in the three armed forces and the Han army, and 1,500 in the upper and lower armies); There are 10,000 households in the second country, with 3,000 soldiers (1,500 for the upper and lower armies); There are 5,000 households in China, with soldiers 1500 people (one army). The system of the five-level knight principality is the same as that of the lower kingdom. There are less than 5,000 people in Marquis country, and an army of 1000 people has been formed. The rest of the lords and the founding lords claimed the country, but the monarch did not rule the country, and there was no fief from the towns to the customs. In addition to inheriting the king, princes are descendants of the public, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong in turn.
Southern Dynasties
The title of the Southern Dynasty followed that of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and only the monarch lost the right to govern the country. Chen Chaozeng, county king and vassal king.
Northern Dynasties
In the first year of the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was given five titles, and the earl and baron were abolished by God in the first year. Besides the prince, the hero has to be crowned king. Customization in the first year of Jingming: Wang, founding county, official, official, official, official, official, official, official, official, official, official, official, official, official and so on. The ratio of tax collection is: half for the king, one third for the people, one quarter for Hou Bo, and one fifth for sons and men. Rank of title: Wang Chaopin, First Class of the Founding County, First Class of the Founding County, Second Class of the Founding County, Second Class of the Founding County, Third Class of the Founding County, Third Class of the Founding County, Fourth Class of the Founding County, Fourth Class of the Founding County, Fifth Class of the Founding County, and Fifth Class of the Founding County. Wang to Hou Guo and other officials.
Beiqi: Five items of monarch and minister are placed, and the monarch and minister are superior. The rest of the vassal States took the Wei system as the first class, and all the vassal States made officials.
Northern Zhou Dynasty: After the five titles of Founding Duke, Founding Hou, Founding Bo, Founding Son and Founding Duke were initially established, eleven titles of Prince, County King, County King, County Duke, County Duke, County Duke, County Uncle, County Son, County Duke and Township Duke were established according to the system reform.
Sui dynasty
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty appointed the king, county king, lord protector, county magistrate, county magistrate, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong Jiu. Emperor Yang Di kept the titles of king, duke and marquis, and the rest were abolished.
the Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was divided into prince, heir king (too heir is heir king), county king, monarch, monarch, county marquis, county marquis, county male and county son. Add the words "Founding the Country" under lord protector, such as "Founding Hou of XX County" and "Founding Son of XX County". In the Tang Dynasty, there were food cities, but they were often empty. Only people with real jobs can enjoy the tax revenue of fiefs (later changed to receive salaries).
Song dynasty
The title system in Song Dynasty is basically the same as that in Tang Dynasty. From Wei and Jin Dynasties to Song Dynasty, the inheritance of titles can be divided into hereditary inheritance and hereditary inheritance. The former is inherited according to the original title, while the latter is inherited according to the title of the heir. There were no examples of hereditary substitution in Song Dynasty. In addition to hereditary titles, many titles are only lifelong titles, except for physical death.
In the Song Dynasty, according to the Tang system, the Imperial Food City was retained, ranging from-10,000 households to 200 households, * * * 14 and so on. The number of food cities is only a virtual title, and the corresponding subsidies can only be received if the food is sealed. At most 1000 households were closed, and at least 100 households were closed. Each household pays 25 articles with official salary every month, which shows that the income of title in Song Dynasty is quite low.
the Yuan Dynasty
In the Yuan Dynasty, the royal family and Mongolian nobles were the only princes, the imperial clan was the prince, and the distant clansmen and nobles were the kings. The rest of the nobles were given too much.
Ming dynasty
In the Ming Dynasty, the prince enjoyed the royal family exclusively (after the death of the founding general, there were those who pursued the title of county king), and all royal titles were hereditary: the eldest son of the prince was Wang Shizi at the age of ten, and the eldest grandson was the grandson of the world; When the philosopher was ten years old, he was named king of the county; The eldest son of the county king is the prince of the county king; The eldest grandson sentenced the eldest grandson; The philosophers awarded the general of Zhenguo; General sun; Great-great-grandson General Guo Feng; Captain Sun Zhenguo, IV; Captain Sun Guo Fu V; All lieutenants under VI serve the country. Prince Lu, county king 2000 stone, rich country general 1000 stone, rich country general 800 stone, general 600 stone, rich country 400 stone, rich country 300 stone, Guo Feng 200 stone. As a result of this hereditary substitution system, the annual income of the whole country could not compensate the old clan, and some distant clan generals and lieutenants even deliberately committed crimes and went to prison to get by. In addition, dukes, dukes and uncles are all awarded to heroes, and third-class knights can only be hereditary or lifelong.
Ching Dynasty
Titles in the Qing Dynasty were divided into imperial clan and meritorious service.
Juezongshi
Prince Heshuo, Prince Shizi (Prince), King Duoluo County, eldest son (King County), Duoluo Baylor, Beizi Gushan, Lord Zhen, Lord Fu, Zhen without eight points, General Zhen with one to three points, General Fu with one to three points, General Feng with one to three points and General Feng with four levels * * *.
Except for Daishan, Jier Erlang, Dourgen, Duoduo, Su, Heshuo Chengze, Keqin County King, Heshun County King Dehui, Yongzheng Shi Yixian Prince, Tongzhi Shi Gong Prince, Guangxu Shi Chun Prince and Qing Prince, the rest of the people can only be replaced by twelve kings.
Imperial clan salary:
Prince's annual salary 1 1,000 yuan, Mi Lu 1 1,000 yuan;
Prince silver six thousand two hundred, six thousand two hundred meters;
The annual salary of the county king is 5,200 yuan, and Mi Lu is 5,000 yuan;
The eldest son is 3200, and the salary is 3000.
Baylor's annual salary is 2,500 taels of silver and 2,500 taels of Mi Lu;
Beizi's annual salary 1300 Liang, 1300 Hu;
Zhen Guogong is 700 Liang and 700 Hu a year;
Rich countries spend 500 Liang and 500 Hu a year;
The first-class town will receive 4 10 taels of silver and 4 10 taels of Mi Lu.
Second-class towns will receive 385 taels of silver and 385 taels of rice;
The third-class town will receive 360 taels of silver and 360 taels of rice;
First-class assistant general and cloud riding Wei Sui silver 335 Liang, meter 335 Liang;
The first assistant will receive 365,438+00 taels of silver and 365,438+00 taels of Mi Lu.
The second-class assistant will receive 285 Liang and 285 Liang;
Third-class auxiliary generals, silver 260 Liang, rice 260 Liang;
Guo Feng, a first-class general, and a Yun Qiwei received 235 taels of silver and 235 taels of rice.
A first-class general who served his country won 265,438+00 taels of silver and 265,438+00 taels of Mi Lu.
Second-class generals in China received 185 silver and 185 Mi Lu.
Third-class generals who served their country won silver 160 and Mi Lu 160.
The salary of General Bon and the commander of Yi Yun is 135, and that of Mi Lu is 135.
General Feng En's annual salary is 1 10, and the annual salary is 1 10.
Chen Gong Spyker
Sixteen-year customization of Qianlong, 27 levels below Hero Spyker:
Male, divided into one to three grades, super product.
Hou, divided into first-class Hou and a cloud riding captain, as well as first-class to second-class Hou. Super product;
Uncle, divided into first-class uncle and a cloud riding captain, as well as first-to third-class uncles, super products;
Son, divided into first-class son and first-class cloud riding a captain, and-to third-class, is a product;
Male, divided into first-class male and first-class cloud riding captain, and first-class to third-class male, just second-class;
Captains who arrive without pomp, captains who arrive without pomp and ride clouds, captains who arrive without pomp and third-class captains are all just three things;
Riding captain, divided into riding captain and cloud riding captain and riding captain, second class and fourth class;
Cloud riding a captain, positive five products;
En Qiwei, seventh grade.
The salary of the meritorious Spyker
The first-class public pension is 700 Liang.
Second-class male 685 Liang
Third-class male 660 beam
After waiting for a while, another cloud riding captain, 635 two.
First class 6 10 beam
Private 585 beam
Private 560 beam
First class, another cloud, riding captain, 535 Liang
Private first class 5 10 beam
Second-class uncle 485 Liang
Third-class uncle 460 Liang
First class, another cloud, riding a captain, 435 Liang
First class 4 10 beam
Second-class 385 beam
Third-class 360 beam
Private first class and a cloud rider, two of them.
First class male 3 10 beam
Second-class male 285 beam
Third-class male 260 beam
First-class coach, a captain, and a cloud riding captain, 235 Liang.
First-class arrive without pomp, captain 2 10 beam.
Second-class good, captain 185 Liang
Third-class good, captain 160 beam
Riding captain and another cloud riding captain 135.
Riding captain 1 10 beam
Yunqiwei 85 Liang
45 beam
No, the idle man is 255 Liang
Xianhou 230 Liang
Boji World Post 205 Liang
Sub-grade World Post 180 Liang
Men's world ranking 155 beam
The rank of a good captain is 130 Liang.
Riding captain, rank 105 Liang.
Yun Qiwei's rank is 80 Liang.
Spyker of Beijing Eight Banners, each cashier 1 two, meter 1 two.
Different from the previous generation, the titles of the Qing dynasty only added good names, but there were no country names and city names, such as Prince Rui and Yong.
After the founding of the Republic of China, the Spyker system was completely abolished.