What are the technical terms in the real estate industry?

Real estate refers to the economic form of housing, and there is a clear ownership relationship in law. Different owners and users can rent houses for sale or for other purposes. Real estate refers to land property, which has a clear ownership relationship in law. Real estate includes the ground and its upper and lower spaces. The fundamental difference between real estate and land lies in whether there is ownership relationship. Real estate, real estate, real estate. Refers to the land, artificial structures and buildings attached to the land, and various rights attached to it (ownership, management right, transfer right, etc.). ). The real estate industry is a comprehensive industry that deals with land and buildings, engages in real estate development, construction, operation, management, maintenance, decoration and service, and integrates various economic activities. Real estate development refers to the activities of infrastructure and housing construction in accordance with the requirements of the nature of use on the land that has obtained the land use right according to law. Land development will turn wasteland into usable land. Land ownership At present, the socialist public ownership of all land is divided into two forms: ownership by the whole people (that is, state ownership) and collective ownership by the working people (that is, collective ownership). Among them, all the land in the city belongs to the state; Land in rural areas and suburban areas belongs to the collective, except that it is owned by the state according to the law; Homestead, private plots and private hills are collectively owned; Mineral resources, water, forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland, beaches and other natural resources. It belongs to the proper term of real estate analyzed by the state, and belongs to the collective according to law, except for forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland and beaches. But the buildings on the ground can be owned by the state, or by collectives, units and individuals. Therefore, in the same real estate, the ownership of land and buildings on the ground is often inconsistent. Collective land refers to land owned by rural collectives. Land expropriation means that the state can expropriate collectively owned land in accordance with the law for the needs of public interests. How is the service life of land determined? Where an agreement is signed with the planned land of provinces and cities, the land use period shall be implemented according to the provisions of the state. Namely: residential land for 70 years; Fifty years of industrial land; Fifty years of land for education, science and technology, culture, health and sports; Forty years of commercial, tourism and entertainment land; Comprehensive land or other land for fifty years. In addition, the land for gas stations and filling stations is 20 years. What is the residence time of the house? What should I do after the expiration of the land use period? Once the house is purchased and acquired, it is the property owned by the owner, and there is no limit on the length of residence. The land occupied by houses belongs to the state, except the collectively owned land. The owner obtained the land use right for a certain period of time. The land use life of residential land is 50 70 years, counting from the date when the developer obtains the land use certificate. After the expiration of the land use period, the land will be recovered by the state. Owners can continue to use the land on the premise of continuing to pay the land transfer fee or use fee. Cooperative housing refers to a form of real estate development in which one party provides land use rights and the other party or parties provide funds to jointly develop real estate. Analysis of land ownership Land ownership refers to the power that the state or collective economic organizations enjoy according to law to possess, use, benefit and dispose of state land and collective land. The transfer of land use right refers to the behavior that the state transfers the ownership of land to the land users by means of agreement, bidding and auction within a certain period of time, and the users pay the land use right transfer fee to the state. The transfer of land use right refers to the behavior of land users to transfer land use right through buying, selling, exchanging, giving and inheriting. The allocation of land use right means that the government allocates land to users free of charge, and generally does not limit the use period. The transfer of the land use right obtained by free transfer shall be subject to the consent of the government and the land management department, and the transfer, lease and mortgage can only be carried out after paying the transfer fee. What is cadastre? What is the birth certificate? Cadastral, property right registration and real estate registration are the same concept. It refers to the investigation and registration of the natural, socio-economic and legal conditions of land, including the registration of land property rights and the registration of land classification area. Specifically, all kinds of charts, certificates and other registration materials produced in the process of real estate investigation and registration are collectively referred to as charts, files, cards, account books and other materials formed through sorting, processing and classification. Raw land refers to land that does not have the conditions for use, such as space, fields and uncultivated land. Cultivated land refers to the land with three links and one leveling or seven links and one leveling, which has the conditions for use. The smallest unit of parcel cadastre refers to a closed plot composed of ownership boundaries. Attached drawings of land use contract and real estate registration card of parcel map. Reflect the basic situation of a place. Including: land ownership boundaries, the location of boundary points, the location and nature of buildings in the land, the relationship with adjacent land, etc. The attached drawings of the certificate are the drawings behind the real estate and an important part of the real estate certificate, which mainly reflect the real estate owned by the obligee and the land where it is located. The term "uncompleted residential flats" originated in Hong Kong and refers to the uncompleted properties (i.e. properties under construction). Another way of saying it refers to the commercial housing before formal delivery. Auction refers to the commercial housing that consumers can live in when purchasing, that is, the commercial housing sold from the beginning of obtaining the pre-sale permit for real estate development to the end of obtaining the property right certificate is called auction. Consumers should sign a pre-sale contract for commercial housing when purchasing faster houses. Xianfang refers to the commercial housing that consumers can live in as soon as they buy it, that is, the commercial housing that the developer has completed the large-scale production certificate of the commercial housing sold and signed a detailed sales contract with the consumer can live in and obtain the real estate license. The house delivered by the real estate agent is called a blank house, only the door frame has no door, and the wall surface is only made of foundation without surface treatment. Finished house refers to the decoration of walls, ceilings, door covers and floors. The interior wall of 1 is common imitation porcelain paint; The living room floor is ordinary tile; Ordinary aluminum alloy windows are ordinary plywood doors; Commercial housing refers to houses sold to property buyers at full market prices. Vacant commercial housing refers to the written name of unsold commercial housing (which can be exempted from deed tax) built before1June 30, 998, that is, second-hand housing, as opposed to commercial housing sold for the first time. Second-hand houses usually refer to houses that are traded again. Newly completed commercial housing, affordable housing and self-built houses purchased by individuals are listed and traded again after completing the property certificate, which is called second-hand housing. Affordable Housing According to Document No.54 of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People's Government, affordable housing is an ordinary housing for low-and middle-income families. It should embody the principles of applicability, economy, beauty, safety, hygiene and convenience; The layout should meet the requirements of urban planning; Use functions to meet the basic needs of residents; The construction standards should be determined according to Beijing's ninth five-year residential construction standards and market demand. After the introduction of the housing reform policy, employees of state organs, enterprises and institutions need to buy the houses they currently live in according to regulations, which is called housing reform. What kinds of houses are there? Analysis of proper terms of real estate Anjufang includes quasi-cost housing, full-cost housing, full-cost low-profit housing and social low-profit housing sold and rented to state organs, institutions and enterprise employees according to regulations. Individual Housing Fund Some units have established individual housing funds. The employee individual housing fund is a fund for the accumulation of personal labor income, part of which is extracted from income according to the policy, and the other part is voluntary savings, which is managed by voluntary deposit and free withdrawal. Housing subsidy Housing subsidy is a subsidy given by the state to solve the housing problem of employees, that is, the funds originally used by the unit for building and purchasing houses are converted into housing subsidies, which are distributed to employees by stages (such as monthly) or at one time, and then employees go to the housing market to solve their own housing problems through purchase or lease. The principle of granting housing subsidies is to adhere to the principle of giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness, which is specifically determined by local governments according to factors such as the average price of local affordable housing, the average salary, and the housing area that employees should enjoy. Building depreciation building depreciation is a form of gradually recovering housing investment, that is, the depreciation expense of housing. Depreciation expense refers to the average loss of building value. In the process of long-term use, although the original physical form has been retained, the objective existence value will gradually decrease due to natural and man-made losses. This part of the value reduced by loss, expressed in monetary form, is depreciation expense. The basis for determining depreciation expenses is the residual value of construction expenses, cleaning expenses and depreciation years. Housing ownership refers to the complete right to control the house. Housing ownership is divided into four rights: possession, use, income and disposal, which are also the four basic contents of housing ownership. The right to occupy a house is usually exercised by the owner, but sometimes it is also exercised by others, which is the separation of the right to use and ownership. The right to use the house is the right to actually use the house. Through certain legal contracts, non-owners of houses can also obtain the right to use houses. The income right of a house refers to all kinds of income generated by the owner's expropriation of house property. The right to dispose of houses is one of the most basic rights in ownership. The right to dispose of the house shall be exercised by the owner. Sometimes the right to dispose of houses is also restricted. There are two main forms of real estate transactions in the real estate market: real estate transactions and real estate transactions. "Full residential property rights" refers to the houses purchased at market price and cost price, and the property buyers have full property rights. Affordable housing also belongs to all property rights. Part of the residential property right refers to the public housing purchased by employees at the standard price. Within the housing area stipulated by the state, employees can only own part of the property rights after buying a house at the standard price and can inherit and sell it. However, the original property unit has the preemptive right when selling, and the income from selling houses is distributed according to the proportion of property rights occupied by individuals and units after deducting relevant taxes and fees. The act of exchanging houses by the owners or users of houses on a voluntary basis through equivalent, unequal and paid ways. Generally, it is divided into two forms: ownership swap and use right swap. Buildings refer to artificially built houses and structures, such as walls, floors, stairs, doors and windows. Structures refer to things in buildings other than houses where people generally carry out production and living activities directly, such as chimneys, wells, roads, bridges, etc. The structure of commercial housing is commonly used in buildings. Building structure can be divided into brick-concrete structure, brick-wood structure and reinforced concrete structure. Brick-concrete structure is mainly brick wall load-bearing structure, and part of it is steel plate concrete load-bearing structure. Brick-wood structure is the main load-bearing component. The main load-bearing members of reinforced concrete structures are structures made of steel bars and concrete. Analysis of the width of the house The proper term of real estate is the width of the house. The depth of residence refers to the actual length of residence. The height of the house refers to the distance from the lower floor or floor to the upper floor, that is, the height of the house. The clear height of a building refers to the distance between the lower floor or the upper surface of the floor and the lower surface of the upper floor. The total land for residential quarters includes the total land for residential buildings, public buildings, roads, squares, courtyards and green spaces. The total residential land refers to the sum of the areas of low-rise, multi-storey, middle-high-rise and high-rise buildings and residential land. The total land for public construction refers to the sum of the occupied area of public buildings in the community. The basement area of a building refers to the horizontal projection area of the periphery above the building foot. The land for roads and squares refers to the sum of the areas of primary and secondary roads, branches, sidewalks and green belts, the width of sidewalks and parking lots, and the carriage returning to the square and paving the ground. Courtyard and green area refers to the sum of green areas that all residents in the community have the right to use, such as concentrated green belts, small parks, residential rooms, flowers and trees, grasslands, rockeries, flower beds, waterside pavilions, pools and public places. Total area per capita (average m/ person) Total area per capita = total land within the building red line/total number of planned residents in this community. Per capita residential land area (m2/person) Per capita residential land area = total residential land/total number of residents in the community. The total construction area (square meters) refers to the total area of residential buildings, public buildings and civil air defense basements in the community. Residential building area, also known as building development area, refers to the sum of the plane areas of each floor measured based on the peripheral line of the external wall of residential buildings. An economic indicator indicating the size of a building. Includes three items, namely usable area, auxiliary area and structural area. Structural area refers to the total area occupied by structural members such as external walls and internal wall columns in building construction. The usable area refers to the sum of the net area directly used for production or living in each floor of the building. Auxiliary area refers to the net area outside the bedroom, including aisle, bathroom, kitchen, storage room, balcony, etc. Public area refers to the total area occupied by public corridors, stairs and elevators. In residential buildings, in order to facilitate residents' access and normal communication and ensure students' self-study, they are shared according to the number of households in the building or unit. Interior construction area The building construction area calculated according to the suite (unit) is the interior construction area of the suite (unit), including the usable area, wall area and balcony area. Interior wall area The area occupied by maintenance or load-bearing walls or other load-bearing supports around the use space in a suite, in which the partition walls between suites and the division between the suite and the public building space, as well as the external walls (including gables) and other * * * walls are included in the interior wall area according to half of the horizontal projection area. The free walls in the suite are all included in the interior wall area according to the horizontal projection area. Public building area refers to the building area shared by all property owners or with the right to use, which is inseparable for all households except each set (unit). What is the allocation principle of public building area? If there is an area division document or agreement, it shall be calculated according to its document or agreement; If there is no division document or agreement, the allocation calculation shall be carried out according to the agreed principle of public area allocation. Analysis of real estate proper terms which public areas should be shared? The common public building area includes indoor and outdoor stairs, internal and external corridors, public hallways, passages, elevators, power distribution rooms, equipment floors, equipment rooms, structural transfer floors, technical floors, air-conditioned rooms, fire control rooms, duty toilets serving the whole floor, garbage in the building, stairwells with enclosure structures protruding from the roof, elevator rooms, water tanks, etc. Which public areas cannot be shared? The public parts that can't be shared are motor vehicle garages, non-motor vehicle garages, public open spaces, urban public passages and arcades as public open building areas and fire shelters on the ground floor. Power distribution rooms of multiple buildings; Civil air defense basement, overground garage, underground equipment room, etc. Indoor balcony construction area The indoor balcony construction area is calculated according to the horizontal projection area between the balcony periphery and the external wall of the house. The closed balcony is calculated according to the horizontal projection, and the unsealed balcony is calculated according to half of the horizontal projection. The usable area in the suite refers to the area used by the family alone in the suite, which generally includes the sum of the net areas of bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, lobby, living room, inner walkway, balcony and wardrobe. The usable area outside the suite refers to the usable area of all houses outside the suite, such as stairwells, elevators, walkways, rooms, etc. The building volume ratio refers to the ratio of the total construction area within the planned construction land area of the project to the planned construction land area. Building density, that is, building coverage, refers to the ratio of the sum of all basement areas within the project land area to the planned construction land. Total population density Total population density = total number of community residents/occupied area in the community (hectares) Average cost per square meter (yuan) Average cost per square meter Total cost of buildings/construction area. Usable area coefficient K 1% usable area coefficient = total usable area (m2)/total building area (m2) 100% residential area coefficient K2% residential area coefficient = total residential area (m2)/total building area (m2) 100% structural area coefficient K3% structural area coefficient = The greening rate refers to the ratio of the vertical area of vegetation to the planned construction land area. Sales rate refers to the proportion of sales households to the total number of saleable households. The occupancy rate refers to the ratio of the building area in a suite (unit) to the building area of the suite. Public * * * can consume * * parts, * * equipment and public * * * facilities in the community, as well as water, electricity, coal and other energy consumption in public * * * services, which is called public * * * energy consumption, and the resulting expenses are public * * * energy consumption. The pre-sale of commercial housing is commonly known as selling uncompleted residential flats, that is, before the completion of the real estate, the real estate developer will sell the auction house to the buyer after obtaining a certain amount of deposit from the buyer. The current sale of commercial housing refers to the behavior of real estate development enterprises to sell commercial housing that has passed the completion acceptance to buyers, and the buyers pay the house price. Export house refers to the houses, commercial houses and other buildings that real estate development enterprises use to sell to domestic and foreign markets after they have been declared to the government planning department for inclusion in the formal project plan through land transfer according to the provisions of the government foreign investment department. Domestic housing refers to houses, commercial houses and other buildings sold by real estate development enterprises in China (excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau and Taiwan Province Province at present) with the approval of the competent government departments through the transfer of land use rights. Planning form refers to the specific architectural composition of this project. For example, a project consists of several buildings, what is the use nature of each building, how many floors are there on the ground and underground of a single building, and what is the specific purpose of each floor. The residential group is a residential structure that combines the architectural model of China quadrangles. Modular residence refers to a kind of residential building form in multi-storey and high-rise buildings; Usually there is only one staircase on each floor, and residents enter the sub-door directly from the landing. Generally, there are 24-28 households living in each staircase of multi-storey houses. So the control area of each staircase is also called a residential unit. A residential unit refers to how many families there are in a unit. Commonly known as: one staircase with two households, one staircase with four households, etc. Huxing refers to the number of bedrooms, kitchens and bathrooms in a house. Commonly known as: one room, one hall, two rooms, one hall, four rooms, two halls and two bathrooms. Xing Tao refers to the size range of living space. Commonly known as: small set, medium set, large set. Area ratio refers to the proportion of units with various area ranges in a real estate to the total number of units. What is the proportion of the two-bedroom, two-bedroom, three-bedroom and two-bedroom apartment type of a real estate to the total apartment type? An attic refers to a room under the sloping roof of a house. False floor refers to the top floor of the house, and the height of the four external walls is generally not lower than that of the external walls of the lower floors. It is an informal floor composed of internal rooms by using part of the roof truss space. Ordinary residence refers to the residence built according to the standard of ordinary civil residence, while senior apartments, villas and resorts do not belong to the category of ordinary residence. An apartment refers to a building with more than two floors for many families to live in. Pure office building refers to the building that provides office space for the daily operation of various companies. A shopping center refers to a building planned for public operation. Comprehensive building refers to buildings with both houses, offices and even shopping malls. SOHO (home office) is an extension of the concept of residence, which belongs to residence, but at the same time it integrates many hardware facilities of office buildings, especially developed network functions, so that residents can engage in business activities while living. Villa refers to a garden house built in the suburbs or scenic spots for accommodation and recuperation. Among them, three or more conjoined villas are multi-family villas, two conjoined villas are single-family villas, and single-story single-family villas are single-family villas. The correct translation of TOWNHOUSE townhouse should be urban residence, and the original meaning introduced from Europe refers to urban residence. At present, it refers to a landscape townhouse built in the suburbs with high greening rate and complete living functions. Duplex commercial housing refers to the housing with upper and lower floors, bedroom, living room, living room, bathroom, kitchen and other auxiliary rooms connected by small stairs used by users alone. Good ventilation and lighting, compact layout and distinct functions, but the indoor stairs occupy a certain use area, and there is only one exit on the upper and lower floors. In case of fire, it is not easy for people to evacuate. Duplex commercial housing is an affordable housing created and designed by Hong Kong architects. The first floor of a high-rise building is added with an interlayer, thus forming a two-story building. The actual story height is much lower than that of duplex residence. The lower floor of duplex residence is used for living, dining and bathing, and the upper floor is used for rest and storage. There are many closet and stairs in the room. Split-level residence refers to the residence with inconsistent floors and staggered stairs. 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