The United States and Japan have developed market economy and logistics industry. In Japan, 70% of shippers outsource logistics business. In Europe, about a quarter of the logistics service market is completed by third-party logistics. Many warehousing and transportation businesses are realized through third-party logistics. Even some retail stores just open in the morning and close at night. What is missing is computer management. Someone will deliver it when it is time. There is no warehouse at all.
Chinese enterprises seldom outsource logistics, which is not conducive to the improvement of China's logistics level and greatly reduces the operational efficiency of enterprises. To solve this problem, it is necessary to formulate corresponding policies and adopt economic means to make production enterprises willing to take out enterprise logistics resources and hand them over to logistics enterprises for operation. The author thinks that the production of products should be separated from the internal logistics of enterprises and form two independent parts. Through the economic lever of tax, the business tax and adjustment tax of logistics service enterprises are lower than those of production enterprises, and manufacturing enterprises are encouraged to separate internal logistics from their main business from tax, thus reducing the overall product cost. Through scientific management and better service, logistics enterprises can reduce logistics costs from the operational aspect, thus reducing the total cost of products, reducing costs in many ways and enhancing the competitiveness of products.
Facing the fierce competition after China's entry into WTO, the desire of all kinds of enterprises to improve their competitiveness is a powerful driving force for the development of modern logistics in China. Therefore, the marketization of China's economy will surely promote the rapid development of the professional logistics industry. China is transforming from a planned economy to a market economy, and modern logistics is the product of the development of the market economy to a certain extent. At present, there is no clear government department to manage logistics in China, and even whether logistics is an industry is controversial. People engaged in the logistics industry have a lot of experience: now logistics has become a "hot potato", and the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, transportation departments, railway departments, civil aviation and postal departments are all in charge. As for all kinds of associations, as long as they can touch the edge, they are involved. In fact, no matter who manages it, it can't be managed well.
Facing the current "logistics fever", logistics planning is being carried out everywhere, especially in some big cities, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Shanghai has clearly declared that logistics is the four pillar industries, and only six logistics centers have been planned and designed, each covering an area of 5,000 mu. Shenzhen plans to invest 654.38+06 billion yuan to build logistics infrastructure; The Ministry of Railways plans to build 50 large freight yards nationwide in the next few years; The Ministry of Communications will build 50 large-scale hubs, and these are too numerous to mention. This is a good thing, but logistics is a systematic project, and in many related industries, a master planning and coordination department is needed. If it is left to fend for itself, it will inevitably form a fragmented sand, just like the infrastructure fever, real estate fever and wholesale market fever in previous years, which means large-scale investment. Imagine, without unified planning and coordinated system engineering, how to avoid a large number of redundant construction and serious waste of funds? Logistics resources are also wasted.
What needs to be done now is, on the one hand, to formulate a unified national trade and transportation management policy, further relax government intervention and control, and promote the formation of a unified national market and the free flow of goods throughout the country. On the other hand, on the basis of standardizing market access, logistics enterprises are encouraged to enter different transportation service fields to create a fair market competition environment for the development of logistics industry. According to the different modes of transportation and industry management departments, we should change the current planning and investment mode, properly concentrate the functions of the government in infrastructure planning and investment, make overall planning and layout of various infrastructures, and promote the supporting and coordinated development between infrastructures. At the same time, the central government should strengthen the planning of new logistics infrastructure such as logistics bases and logistics centers, and pay attention to coordinating the logistics development planning between regions and cities.
The overall logistics planning of EU member countries is formulated by the EU Logistics Association, specifically to the coordination between different modes of transportation such as water transport, railway transport and road transport. There is no reason why people can't do what the EU can do. At present, for the bosses of domestic logistics enterprises, the most urgent thing is that major international logistics enterprises have landed in China logistics market. On the one hand, China's logistics enterprises are still in the initial and development stage. On the other hand, with China's entry into WTO, multinational international logistics enterprises are rapidly attacking, and a life-and-death competition is inevitable. China should use the market mechanism to speed up the cultivation of a number of modern logistics enterprises with international competitiveness, and form a number of logistics companies with prominent main business and strong core competitiveness as soon as possible through reorganization, listing, merger, alliance and reorganization. On this basis, with enterprises as the main body and capital as the link, we will cultivate a number of modern logistics enterprises or enterprise groups with international competitiveness.
Faced with such a challenge, Hong Kun, the boss of China Material Storage and Transportation Corporation, which owns the listed company of China Storage, issued such an appeal to his peers in the industry: "China urgently needs to build its own logistics carrier. In fact, COSCO Group, Sinotrans, China Storage, China Shipping, AVIC and China Post all have their own characteristics and advantages, and people also have an urgent desire to play their respective advantages, penetrate each other and unite with each other. If China can form its own logistics alliance,
So who will build China's own logistics "aircraft carrier"? How to build it? Professor He Mingke, deputy dean of the Business School of Beijing Technology and Business University, who has made great achievements in the field of logistics theory research, pointed out that logistics is first and foremost a system, and just engaging in warehousing or transportation is not called logistics. Real logistics must integrate warehousing, transportation and related links from the perspective of the whole system. The process of integration also includes the elements of union. There is a question of who integrates who or who wants to be integrated by whom. Many people's enterprises have such a painful lesson: at the beginning, "it was better to be the head of a chicken than the tail of a phoenix", but in the end, "the head of a chicken" and "the tail of a phoenix" were not saved. This can be said to be a "cancer" left by people's enterprises in concept. If this "cancer" is not eradicated, building an "aircraft carrier" of China logistics can only be empty talk. Modern logistics is a modern full supply chain management system based on logistics enterprises, with transportation and information as the platform, involving the whole process of production, circulation and consumption. The informationization, networking and socialization of logistics is the development trend of modern logistics, but for a long time, the phenomenon of improper utilization of transportation resources, poor communication in the industry and excessive waste of warehouses in China has been puzzling the development of logistics industry. Internet-based GIS and GPS technology have broad application prospects in the field of modern logistics and supply chain management, which will play a positive role in promoting logistics enterprises to optimize resource allocation and improve market competitiveness. In order to meet the challenge of global logistics industry, China Merchants Group, one of China's four overseas investment groups, also established China Merchants Chen Di System Company, the largest information logistics supply chain management service enterprise in China, integrating GIS, GPS, GSM and WEB technologies for the first time, and providing all-round and multi-level information solutions for logistics and supply chain management.
The appearance of that Internet simplify the business process, and application for letters of credit can be processed through online banking service. At the time of purchase, buyers can use a specific online trading platform to input relevant information. There are purchasing formats suitable for articles in various industries on the web page, and the search function in the Internet can help buyers find more suitable new suppliers to supplement the supply when they have special needs.
With the online trading platform, the cost is obviously reduced through EDI (Electronic Data Interchange). Network marketing must have a perfect inventory and distribution management system, which is electronic logistics. Enterprises can also directly connect the customer's data system with the warehouse management system (WMS) through EDI, so that the management can timely supervise and plan the circulation and replenishment of inventory online. Therefore, the online logistics management system can not only reduce costs, but more importantly, let the management effectively manage its supply chain information and keep abreast of the latest information. Through computer bar code scanning, electronic data exchange system, desktop computer goods tracking, warehouse management system and the Internet and other logistics management tools, we can fully grasp the circulation of goods in the supply chain.
The development of logistics information system can take shortcuts. On the one hand, the logistics information platform of foreign logistics enterprises is localized, and the logistics information system software is designed according to the logistics process in China. On the other hand, organize technical force to develop China logistics platform and form a logistics platform and logistics information system with China characteristics. People should not rely too much on the information platform of foreign logistics enterprises, but mainly rely on their own strength to develop China's information platform and logistics information system. The development and construction of information system should be market-oriented, and the construction of logistics information system in China should be accelerated through the guidance and promotion of the government and market operation. It is necessary to take fewer detours and correct the practice of relying entirely on logistics enterprises to develop themselves. Government management departments can organize relevant software developers and logistics enterprises, and attract some production and sales enterprises to participate, and develop practical logistics platforms and information systems according to the characteristics of China logistics. The development of logistics information system can also adopt the way of technical bidding, and the relevant government departments put forward the technical requirements of logistics information system. After winning the bid, the software development company will design and develop the logistics information platform and information system according to the technical requirements. After being appraised by experts, it will be popularized and used by relevant government departments. The logistics information system developed by logistics service enterprises should not only consider the connection of the whole logistics system, but also consider the interface with other logistics information systems and production and sales enterprise information systems to form an open and multifunctional logistics information system. Generally speaking, the government should give policy support to emerging industries that represent the development level of advanced productive forces. The development of modern logistics industry is certainly the same. At present, China's logistics management system is fragmented, which restricts the development of logistics industry to some extent. It is necessary to set up a coordination organization with the participation of government functional departments and industry management departments in the near future to study, formulate and coordinate relevant policies for the development of logistics industry.
Logistics industry is a competitive industry, and policy support should start from the market perspective. At present, the government should pay attention to the following aspects in the logistics policy: first, pay close attention to legislation and clarify some laws and regulations about modern logistics, so that the development of the whole logistics industry can be based on laws; Second, grasp the overall planning and design of the country, including the coordination among various means of transportation, modes of transportation, modes of logistics, cities and regions; Third, step up the establishment of market access system, such as which industries can do logistics and which industries can't. Of course, it can't be divided into domestic capital and foreign capital and state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, but it depends on whether it has the conditions, what qualifications it meets and what industry standards it meets in order to become a logistics enterprise. In addition, it is necessary to study and formulate supporting measures conducive to the development of the logistics industry in terms of logistics infrastructure construction and logistics equipment renewal financing policies, logistics base land use policies, logistics service and transportation price policies, and industrial and commercial registration management policies. Standardization is the foundation of industrial production and logistics development. The successful example of container transportation standardization illustrates this problem. China is in the primary stage of developing logistics, so we should pay more attention to the standardization of logistics. Logistics standardization includes hardware standardization and software standardization. Hardware standards refer to the standards and supporting standards of related machines and tools in the process of logistics operation, the convergence standards from one operation procedure to another, the specifications and construction standards of logistics warehouses, yards and shelves, and the standards for hardware configuration of information systems. Software standard refers to the code, file format, interface standard, logistics management and operating procedure standard of logistics information system.
Technical standards in the field of logistics permeate all aspects. Experts say, for example, the height limit of expressway and bridges in China is 4 meters, while the international standard is 4.5 meters. That is to say, international intermodal containers will get stuck when they arrive in China. Professor Wu Qingyi, director of the Institute of Logistics of University of Science and Technology Beijing and doctoral supervisor, pointed out that logistics standards are not dispensable. In the field of logistics, there are logistics modules, warehousing specifications, container standards, pallet standards, wagons, container standards, packaging standards, standardized bar codes and so on. These standards should not only be unified at home, but also be in line with international standards and then promoted. When it comes to logistics education, He Mingke, deputy dean of the Business School of Beijing Technology and Business University, has a real pain point: I am training in a postgraduate class, and the students in the class are both general managers of logistics enterprises and customers who receive logistics services. I asked them: What is value-added service? Most of the results are unanswerable. Judging from the popularization of basic knowledge of logistics, the task is also quite heavy. There is a logistics enterprise's comprehensive management department, when issuing economic indicators, the transportation investment is very low. Ask him why. He said that everyone said that logistics is the source of the third profit, and your profit should be high. Shouldn't the investment be reduced? As we all know, the source of the third profit is integrated from all aspects of a whole, not a single transportation link.
China has a large team engaged in specific logistics work, but few of them have really received logistics system education, and most of them have changed their careers from management, engineering or computer science. Judging from the situation of the education system, the national education department has not set up logistics projects, and the number of logistics graduate students and undergraduates trained each year is small, which is quite different from the needs of enterprises. There are also fewer logistics research institutions, and problems should be more closely combined with actual work. Therefore, it should be an urgent task to do a good job in logistics education.
Generally speaking, on the one hand, the government should support and fund the research and innovation activities of universities and scientific research institutions in logistics to improve the overall level of logistics theory and technology in China; On the other hand, enterprises should be encouraged to establish logistics research institutions and cooperate with universities and research institutions to strengthen the development and application of applied logistics technology. In the training of logistics talents, we should promote the formation of a multi-level and diversified logistics education system.