Sima Qian
In fact, it also includes the land of Sichuan and Sichuan, but the scope is wider. Sui and Tang dynasties made their fortune here, and many previous dynasties came from Qinchuan, 800 miles away. For example, Qishan in Zhou and Qin Dynasties unified the six countries.
(a), today is not what it used to be, not with Japan.
Today people don't see Gu Yue, but this month they took photos of the ancients. . You can't judge ancient things with your present eyes. In modern geography, Guanzhong Plain is slightly inferior to the vast North China Plain and the rich Kanto Plain. Because the local area is a faulted basin, and the north is bordered by the barren loess plateau.
However, during the Warring States period, Qi lived in the North China Plain, and Chu was located in Jingxiang, which had advantages in topography and was relatively rich in materials. But Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, abruptly defeated the Six Kingdoms from here, and finally established the first unified dynasty in history. So, what capital can support Ying Zheng's ambition in Guanzhong Plain?
Ying Zheng
1. The land of Longxing in ancient times
The soldiers and horses have not moved, and the food and grass go first? . Morale and command are on the one hand, and the most important thing is the logistics material reserve. The Kanto Plain is small in area, and there is not much grain naturally produced. The other six countries can only maintain the situation slightly if Qi Xin works together against Qin. When Qin occupied the Guanzhong Plain, it had the capital to unify the whole country.
All forces can cooperate with Qi Xin against Guanzhong regime, which is the sword of Damocles hanging from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. Whoever occupies the Guanzhong Plain is the overlord of the world. Of course, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, this situation was temporarily alleviated because of the suppression of powerful people. But in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, this law was restored.
The decline of the Tang Dynasty was due to the Anshi Rebellion in Hebei Province. The population of the Tang Dynasty was concentrated in the hinterland of Guanzhong and the Central Plains, and we could only watch our soldiers make mistakes. Defending the Central Plains can rule the world, which seems to be an iron law recognized by people before the collapse of the Tang Dynasty.
2. Ancient land of wealth
At present, Guanzhong Plain has no advantage over North China Plain. But we can't look at the problem from the present perspective. Since it is history, we should go back and find out. At that time, there were no iron farm tools, and wooden farm tools were more suitable for land reclamation in Guanzhong.
How did the water of the Yellow River flow out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return? . The yellow river is now called the mother river, but many times people call it? Hurt the river? . During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were flooded and unstable. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Central Plains was a powerful country, except for gold. Of course, the Yellow River has reached Shandong today, but at that time, it had not changed its course and did not take the Qi border.
Yellow river
Several other countries are affected by the Yellow River to varying degrees, so it is difficult to develop. Only the State of Qin in Guanzhong Plain made a fortune by focusing on itself. Although the Yellow River flows in front of our house, it is not affected much, so there is nothing to be afraid of. Moreover, the climatic environment in ancient times was different from that now. At that time, Guanzhong Plain was also a land of plenty.
As long as the land is cultivated for a long time, there will be signs of degradation. At that time, the climate in Guanzhong Plain was different from now. At that time, the Guanzhong Plain had a small population and the land could be fallow. Although it may not be as fertile as the North China Plain, it has a small population, naturally needs less food, and the national burden is relatively light.
On the other hand, Qi, shoulder to shoulder, sweating like rain? At that time, Linzi was the largest city in the world. So qi's pressure is naturally much greater.
(2) Guanzhong Plain, heaven and earth and people.
The weather is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as people? . This is what Mencius said, and it also revealed the mystery of governing the country and leading troops. At that time, several other countries had similar feelings. Although I always wanted to be able to break through the state of Qin in one fell swoop and solve future troubles, I always ended up dead in the end. Some countries always want to benefit from it, instead of attacking Qin wholeheartedly. Just like the 18-route warlord begging Dong in the romance of Three Kingdoms, there are very few people who really want to help the Han family.
1. Harmonious government brings prosperity.
Filial piety uses Shang Yang's method, changes customs, makes people rich, makes the country rich and powerful, makes folk music use it, and makes princes close to it? . In Qin Xiaogong, the patriot Shang Yang was able to carry out political reform. The household registration reform in Qin established the rank system. The consistent war of paying farmers changed the phenomenon of poverty and weakness in Qin State.
Qin Xiaogong
At that time, Qin's army was good at fighting, and they all wanted to enter the upper class by their own efforts, so it was also called? Teacher of the tiger and the wolf? . Although Shang Yang's political reform harmed the interests of some nobles, Qin Huiwen dismembered Shang Yang's five horses and made them public in order to quell public anger after he ascended the throne.
It is equivalent to saying that Qin Shihuang stood on the shoulders of giants and unified the six countries. In a country that has won political victory, everyone is working with Qi Xin for better development. On the other hand, in other countries, it is far less than Qin. They have their own differences, and they all agree to unite against Qin, not from each according to his ability.
To say the least, although the Guanzhong Plain is relatively barren compared with other areas, everyone is United as one. So-called? People are United, Mount Tai moves? . Although the Kanto countries are rich, the literati have their own considerations and the princes have their own strategies. Everyone has different ideas, so it is difficult to really achieve something.
Qin Shi Huang
Natural hazards are easier to defend than to attack.
As the saying goes? It's easier to fight a mountain than to sit on it. . Especially in the late Warring States period, it is even more difficult to expand outward. The biggest prerequisite for acquiring territory is to maintain internal stability. In terms of personnel, Qin has no problem. Then, what we need to do is to use our existing Guanzhong Plain to nibble and annex the six countries step by step. This requires his rear to be very stable.
It is named after being in the valley and being surrounded by dangers. From Xiaoshan in the east to Jintong in the west, it is called Hangu and natural barrier. ? Hanguguan and Xiaoshan, with dangerous terrain, have been battlegrounds for military strategists since ancient times. Shuijing notes? The river flows south in Guanzi, which excites Guanshan, so it is called Tongguan? .
Natural barrier is Qin's natural advantage. The six countries tried several times to break into Guanzhong, but failed. Because they have no choice but to take this natural barrier. And once you enter, it is a sheep entering the tiger's mouth. Every time the allied forces attack, they hurt the enemy by 1000 and hurt the enemy by 800. It's so troublesome to call Hangu Pass, let alone enter it.
Except for the Hanguguan Line in Xiaoshan, allies in other areas could not even March. In addition to mountains, there is the rolling Yellow River. The ability to cross the river in ancient times was limited, and once the supply was insufficient, the whole army was wiped out. With the advantages of geographical location and human harmony, Qin's power can expand outward without losing its lair.
(C), small and broad, take advantage.
Not many soldiers, but good? . In fact, this truth is the same for the ruling regime. The advantage of Guanzhong Plain lies in its small area. As long as the area is small and properly guided and utilized, it will be invincible. Although the central plains is large in area, its disadvantages are also here. Everyone has his own ideas, not thinking in one place, but trying to make them in one place. Therefore, the monolithic state of Qin can unify the six countries with the potential of destroying everything.
1. The development time is earlier.
There is a basin in Guanzhong area, which can control Longyou. The local horses are famous for their history. At the same time, Guanzhong Plain was the land of Longxing in the Zhou Dynasty, and it was also the location of Haojing before the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Therefore, it developed on a large scale in the Spring and Autumn Period.
However, after Shang Yang's political reform, a large-scale farming boom appeared. Everyone began to practice hard, and the number was small. The rest of nature can be left to fight. The bearing capacity of Guanzhong Plain can support Qin State and Western Han Dynasty, but with the development of time, it has lost its advantage in Sui Dynasty.
The Reforms of Shang Yang
Because the small area of Guanzhong Plain is both an advantage and a disadvantage. The Sui Dynasty was much more developed than the Qin Dynasty, so the Guanzhong Plain was hard to bear great pressure. After the successful excavation of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, no one paid attention to the Guanzhong Plain. Later, the Tang Dynasty also designated Luoyang as the eastern capital. It is because the food in Chang 'an is not enough to supply such a huge imperial city to survive.
2. Go back to Chuanchuan to enjoy the cool.
Historical records? River channel book? Keep the ice chisel away from the pile and make foam water? . This is the record of the construction of Dujiangyan by Li Bing of Qin State. Besides, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Qin has always attached great importance to water conservancy construction. Guanzhong Plain is widely built with canals. Although the Yellow River will go back and forth, it can always be used by Qin. Guanzhong plain itself is not rich, and the rulers want to make it better.
Back to Sichuan and Sichuan. Dujiangyan has become a land of abundance since its successful construction. You know, the Guanzhong Plain was specially called the land of abundance before. Both Guanzhong Plain and Chengdu Plain belong to the rule of Qin State. Especially in Sichuan and Sichuan, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack.
Forty-eight thousand years later, don't talk to Qin Sai? . After the occupation of ancient Shu, this place was the granary of Qin State. Moreover, grain can be directly imported from Hanzhong to Qin. It is also troublesome for other regimes to try to invade. With the existence of Chengdu Plain, Qin has proud capital and can attack and cut at will.
Conclusion:
The Guanzhong Plain was able to unify the whole country before the Tang Dynasty because the local people were very harmonious. Followed by various natural disasters that are easy to defend but difficult to attack; Finally, Sichuan and Sichuan and Longyou provided them with grain, grass and war horses respectively. In fact, the most important reason is that the ruler is ambitious, just as the king of Chu was the leader of the six-nation alliance at that time, but when he attacked Qin, he watched with a gesture of doing nothing and eyeing up, and it was understandable to destroy the country in the end.
References:
history