Let's first look at how the Daqin Empire struggled out of slavery.
The story begins in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
During the period, the Won surname clan (ancestors of Qin people) was designated as war criminals and slaves by the Zhou royal family because of the rebellion initiated by their son Wu Geng, and was sent to the distant west, where it was desolate, remote, thorny and unpredictable. In order to survive, the victorious surname family showed obedience and submission to the Zhou royal family. However, the Zhou royal family did not give sincere trust to the Sheng family. In the west, the won family is regarded as the barrier of the Zhou royal family, who wants to get rid of the won family with the help of dogs and soldiers. Difficulties and hardships, jade succeeded, and the family named Sheng, as a slave, began to struggle.
During the Zhou Dynasty, the clan named Sheng was promoted from a slave to a vassal (vassal only depended on the existence of governors, and vassal was not qualified to meet the emperor) because it helped Zhou raise horses, and was sealed as the Qin land (also a deserted place where tigers and wolves haunt).
The identity change from slave to vassal made the clan named Sheng truly known as Qin people and began to have its own clear chronology. Because of the limited qualification of vassal status, Qin people especially wanted to formally seal the country and stand in the forest of princes.
During the Zhou Youwang period, Zhou Youwang was killed by the external forces of the prince's grandfather Shen Hou and Rong Di for abolishing the prince. Shen Hou has the ability to lure wolves home, but he has no ability to drive them away. Haojing, the capital city, was destroyed and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
The secretary, the princes, set out to save the Zhou royal family. Zhou Pingwang took the upper position and entered the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (the famous Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in history). Because the capital was destroyed, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyang. Although Zhou Pingwang is the emperor, he is already in a weak position. In the case that other governors were unwilling to contribute, Qin Xianggong faithfully assisted Zhou Pingwang to move the capital. Before Zhou Pingwang expressed his gratitude, he made Qin Xianggong a vassal and gave the land of Xiqiao (now Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province) to Qin Xianggong. Since then, the Qin people have established their own country, and they are on an equal footing with other vassal States, and they have the qualification to meet the son of heaven directly.
From slaves to vassals, Qin people struggled for more than 300 years (BC 1 1 century to BC 77 1 year). After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Qin people's hegemony was based on their political birthright, the management right and ownership of the old land in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and various rich and important political, economic and cultural heritages left by Chinese ancestors and the Western Zhou Dynasty.
During the period, Mu Gong appointed two ministers, Priscilla and Uncle Jian, which greatly increased the national strength of Qin State and made it one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. From the vertical development direction, Priscilla made a comprehensive plan to dominate Xirong and participate in the affairs of great powers in the Central Plains, while from the horizontal development direction, Uncle Jian implemented Priscilla's goal of taking the west and the east. Under the leadership of Bai Xixi and Uncle Jian, the State of Qin annexed Zhu Rong, expanded its territory, and reached the Shaanxi-Gansu border in the west and the northwest of Shaanxi in the north, which not only eliminated the worries of Emperor Rong in the rear, but also turned the Longxing land of the Zhou royal family into its own rear area and looked to the Far East at the same time.
During the Qin Xiaogong period, Xiaozong recruited talented people and appointed Shang Yang, which started the process of political reform. After more than 20 years' efforts, Qin became one of the seven heroes in the Warring States period and possessed the strength to dominate the imperial industry. Shang Yang's political reform carried out the general plan of legalism governing the country. What is legalist thought? The monarchy is absolute, and the emperor is the only one who respects the country as the property of the monarch. Since Qin Xiaogong, the king of Qin advocated legalism and despised Confucianism. According to historical records, Shang Yang was stingy by nature and lacked benevolence and morality. In the process of political reform, he is strict with himself. While deducting the aristocratic treatment, I also earned a lot of money; Abolish the enfeoffment system for Qin reform, but accept the fifteen cities enfeoffment system of Qin king; Legislative enfeoffment system cannot be inherited, but it requires that its fiefs can be inherited from generation to generation; Treacherous, deceiving others for personal gain. He initiated the legalist ideological strategy of governing the country, only concerned about how many benefits the prime minister can bring to Qin at present, but ignored the negative impact of this legalist ideological strategy of governing the country and the negative impact of this meritocratic employment system on Qin later.
During the reign of Qin Huiwen, King Huiwen appointed Zhang Yi, a military strategist, as the minister of state. Zhang Yi adopted the strategy of Lian Heng (uniting one or two powerful countries to attack other weak countries), and frequently made moves to occupy Hanguguan, Bashu and Hanzhong. The integration of the three places has formed an eagle eye on the six countries and laid the foundation for the unification of the six countries.
During the reign of Xiang in Qin Dynasty, Xiang reigned for 56 years. He was appointed as Corporal Li Xian, and presided over military and political affairs at home and abroad with Fan Sui and Leitian, which opened the door for the reunification of Qin. Zhao Haoqi of Qin adopted Fan Sui's plan, expelled four big noble and concentrated power in his own hands; The adopted plan pointed out the strategy and direction for Qin to unify the six countries. At the same time, the reuse of the god of war leitian blew the horn of charging the six countries.
Speaking of Yi Cheung, people like Fan Sui are just eloquent and mercenary politicians. Because of his bad conduct, he was not allowed by the other six countries, and gained wealth and power in Qin by eloquence and speculation. Fan Sui is a man of strategy, but he is also a villain. He was jealous of the god of war, Bai Qi, and borrowed the hand of Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, to let Bai Qi withdraw his troops and destroy Zhao at the best time, thus delaying the process of Qin's unification of the six countries. Later, he got rid of it by Qin, supported his old friends Zheng Anping and Wang Ji, and finally committed suicide.
After Zhao Haoqi's death, Qin experienced a brief period of filial piety and Zhuangxiang, and then the young Qin King Ying Zheng (later the first emperor of Daqin Empire) ascended the throne with the support of Prime Minister Lv Buwei. What kind of person is Lv Buwei? Lv Buwei saw some negative effects of strict legalism in governing the country. He opposed the system of "ruling the country at home" and advocated the philosopher politics of being lenient with others, respecting public opinion and maintaining peace and harmony. Unfortunately, after Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, came to power, Lv Buwei was put into limbo because of the power struggle between them, and then Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, continued to implement the strict strategy of ruling the country by legalists. In a sense, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, gave up Lv Buwei's general plan of governing the country, which was a pity for the fate of Daqin Empire.
Ying Zheng, king of Qin, took Reese as prime minister and Zhao Gao as eunuch. He attached importance to the military attack on other countries, at the same time, he attached importance to destroying the relationship between monarch and minister in other countries and using diplomatic and financial means to disintegrate political groups in other countries. After 78 years of war, Qin finally unified the six countries. In 22 1 year BC, the Daqin Empire was born, and Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, was called Qin Shihuang. After more than 700 years of struggle, Qin people finally reached the highest peak.
But who would have thought that the great empire that came from such hard struggle only existed in 15 years and died the next year. Why?
Combining with some reference books, I sum up that there are four main reasons:
1. After the establishment of the Daqin Empire, it still pursued strict legalism.
On the way to the Daqin Empire, it is a very efficient method for the people of the whole country to unite as one and rule the country by legalism. After the founding of the Great Emperor, the imperial people not only had the original Qin people, but also the people of other six countries. Legalism is still used to govern the country, and people are not given a chance to rest. Instead, Epang Palace is built, tombs are built, Zen is worshipped, longevity is sought, and books are burned to bury Confucianism. , leading to boiling public resentment, the other six old aristocratic forces took the opportunity to fight against Qin.
Any totalitarianism has a high realization rate in the early stage of starting a business, but it cannot last long because it violates the humanitarian spirit. After the founding of the Great Emperor, it was necessary to introduce Confucianism to assist in governing the country.
2. The issue of heirs.
As mentioned earlier, since Qin Xiaogong implemented the Shang Yang Reform, the later kings of Qin despised Confucianism. Prince Fu Su remonstrated with Qin Shihuang about burning books and burying Confucianism, but Qin Shihuang drove him out of Xianyang, far from the imperial political center. This event played a subtle role in accelerating the demise of the Daqin Empire. Although Qin Shihuang later figured it out that Prince Fu Su was indeed the most suitable heir to the throne, to some extent, it was too late to change his mind at this time.
3. the problem of employing people.
As mentioned above, since Qin Xiaogong's time, the State of Qin has been employing talents, not virtue.
As a prime minister, Reese openly pursued fame and fortune and lowered his moral standards to the standards of low-level animals. For the sake of his own wealth, he did not hesitate to live up to Qin Shihuang's kindness to meet him, and jointly launched a coup to seize the position with eunuch Zhao Gao and Qin Shihuang's youngest son Hu Hai, dragging the Daqin Empire into a bloody battle. To some extent, he ruined the lifeline of Daqin Empire.
Eunuch Zhao Gao was also the teacher of Hu Hai, the youngest son of Qin Shihuang. It was he who led the coup, supported Hu Hai's claim to the throne, and colluded with Hu Hai to devote all his energy to a series of improper activities such as eliminating political enemies and consuming imperial power. Then Zhao Gao killed Hu Hai, made a puppet emperor, and was finally killed.
At this point, the vitality of the Daqin Empire has disappeared, and Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu, broke into the capital and surrendered, and the Daqin Empire perished.
4. Personality of Qin people.
You only know how to improve, but you don't know how to correct. Only see the pursuit of material interests, but ignore the pursuit of the spiritual world.
Finally, let's talk about the difficult rise and rapid demise of the Daqin Empire. What enlightenment does it bring to our life and work? Personally, I have four points:
A. No matter in life or at work, we should not be too strict with others. The system is dead and people are alive. We should be both rigid and elastic.
B no matter how strong a person is, his virtue is not in place, and he is not suitable to be your marriage partner and business partner.
C. there are different ways to start a business and keep it. At the start-up stage, because we are surrounded by our own people, the method is radical and the problem is not big; However, after the successful start-up, the enterprise will introduce many external employees who do not belong to your original circle. If the management mode is still radical, it will hinder the development of enterprises.
D. while pursuing career success, you also need to cultivate your own heart.