(1) Colony refers to the aggregate (colony of bacteria or fungi) that can be seen by naked eyes after bacteria or fungi propagate on a suitable medium; Bacterial colony characteristics: small colony, smooth and sticky surface, rough and dry, easy to provoke, mostly white; True colony characteristics: large colony, slender hyphae, loose, fluffy, cobweb-like, cotton-like, not fixed in size, shiny, not easy to pick, and sometimes red, brown, green, black, yellow and other different colors (spore color). Therefore, bacteria and fungi, as well as their different types, can be roughly distinguished from each other by their size, shape and color.
(2) The general methods of cultivating bacteria or fungi include: ① preparing culture medium; ② high temperature sterilization; ③ Inoculation, that is, the process of putting the least bacteria and fungi on the culture medium; ④ Culture under suitable conditions.
(3) The life of bacteria and fungi needs certain conditions, such as moisture, suitable temperature and organic matter. Bacteria or fungi on fruits come from the air, and fruits provide organic matter for bacteria and fungi.
So the answer is: (1) colony; Color; (2) high-temperature sterilization; Inoculation; (3) air; Organic matter.