One of the evidences is Zhuge Liang's self-reported dedication to Nanyang in "Former Teacher's Watch".
The official history of the Three Kingdoms records Zhuge Liang's "former model". In this article, Zhuge Liang stated: "I am dressed in cloth, cultivated in Nanyang, lived in troubled times, and did not ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and was grateful for worldly things, so he promised the first emperor to drive him away. " This passage is from Zhuge Liang's "My Ancestor's Notes", which can be called first-hand information and beyond reproach. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's dedication to Nanyang is the most credible evidence.
The second evidence is Zhuge Liang's book collection, anthology and Huangling Temple.
In Zhuge Liang's Collection of Collected Works of Huangling Temple, Zhuge Liang said: "The servant plowed Nanyang mu, and Liu entrusted Cao Caotang. The situation was irresistible, and he did something good again, so two of a kind pulled the master together. "
Huangling Temple, located in the south bank of Xiling Gorge of the Yangtze River, was built during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the 19th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (AD 2 14), Zhuge Liang was ordered to lead his troops into Yizhou and his fleet into Xiling Gorge. When he went ashore, he saw an ancient temple in broken walls, which was originally a temple dedicated to King Yu and the sacred cow. Because of disrepair, it is so. Zhuge Liang was deeply moved and sent someone to "revive it and rebuild its temple name." After the temple was completed, Huangling Temple was written and engraved.
The third evidence is the Broken Stone Building written by Emperor Yangdi, which says that he lives and works hard in Nanyang.
According to the "Zhongzhou Miscellaneous Notes", Zhuge Liang "lived at the foot of Pingshan Mountain in Yexian County. In the second year of Sui Dynasty, there was a cloud of rocky buildings:' There is a site of Zhuge's old grave here, in man wa lane. "At the foot of this mountain, there is Zhuge Temple in the west and Golden Rooster Tomb in the east. The suspected tomb is the place where Kongming's father and brother are buried together. Gai avoided going to the west, because his father had already lived, and living in Nanyang began. This broken stone building is a relic of the Sui Dynasty. It is not far from going to the Three Kingdoms. It must be true, so I wrote it. "
According to the Records of Ye County Mausoleum, "The Stone-Broken House was written by Niu Feng, the magistrate of Ye County in Ming Dynasty, in the Monument of Zhuge Rectifying Wuhou Temple". Today, the Maternal and Child Health Station in Weidong District of Pingdingshan has Zhuge Temple ruins and Zhuge Temple Street in the east. The stone tablet of "Revised Zhuge Wuhou Temple" was erected in the courtyard of the Maternal and Child Health Station, which has been well preserved so far. `
The fourth evidence is that poems and paintings in the Jin Dynasty praised Zhuge Liang for ploughing Nanyang.
At the end of Qing Dynasty, people in Guaihe Town, Fangcheng, Nanyang found a poem and painting stone of Jin Dynasty in the silt of Fenghe River. The first half is engraved with the Song of Zhuge Wuhou, and the second half is engraved with Zhuge Liang's portrait. This poem and stone painting is now preserved in the high school courtyard of Guaihe Town.
The song of ploughing ***30 sentences 150 words: "How about ploughing nanmu, you can eat and wear it; More dung, more wheat and more grains; It is necessary to consider more than three trainings, rich and not bad, fierce and not bad ~ ~ ~ ". Its signature is: Jin Yonghe, three-year-old, Gui Hai, Qiu Yue, Gu Dan, Shangshu servant and bather.
The lyrics of "Song of Digging" are unpretentious, appealing to both refined and popular tastes. It contains profound philosophy, embodies the noble character of Zhuge Liang, and has high artistic value and historical value. First, this article was formed a long time ago, close to the Three Kingdoms; Secondly, Gu He, a famous minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has a high reputation for calligraphy. Third, it was unearthed in Nanyang and has been well preserved so far. This provided strong evidence for Zhuge Liang to plough Nanyang.
The fifth piece of evidence, San Gu Qiao Bei, proves that Liu Bei's "San Gu Mao Lu" took place in Wollongong, Nanyang.
Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang said: "We should start a new stove then. When Xu Shu met his late master, he set an example first. The late Lord said,' Zhu Gekongming is also in Wolong. "Does the general want to see him?" The late Lord said, "Come with me." Shu Yue:
This man can see, but he can't bend it. The general should have left for nothing. So he was the first master with a brilliant idea, and he was seen every three times. When Liu Bei was stationed in Xinye, Xu Shu recommended Zhu Gekongming, known as Wolong, to Liu Bei, and "three visits to the cottage" took place.
Where did the "three visits to the thatched cottage" happen? Zhuge Liang made it very clear in "The Former Teacher", "I was dressed in cloth and plowed in Nanyang ... The first emperor didn't want to be a minister, accusing himself of driving and taking care of three ministers in the grass.
Advise the minister on today's world affairs. "Ancient and Modern Books Integration" and "Nanyang House" said: "Zhuge Lu, Wollongong, 70 miles southwest of Fucheng, has a poem, which is commemorated in the Spring and Autumn Period."
Liu Bei stationed troops in Xinye and came to Wolonggang, Nanyang, to "visit the thatched cottage", and he must pass Meixihe Bridge. It turns out that this bridge is a very ordinary small bridge. Because Liu Bei passed by when he visited the thatched cottage, it was called Sanguqiao in the world, with a history of about 1700 years. In the Qing Dynasty, this ancient bridge was built as a stone bridge. 1968 due to the expansion of the city, this bridge was converted into a cement arch bridge.
"Sanguqiao" has been recorded frequently in historical documents. For example, in the "Longgang Zhi" edited by Emperor Kangxi in Renchen, it said: "Sangu Bridge is three miles southwest of Nanyang Fucheng and three miles away from Wollongong. Emperor Zhao Lie of Han passed by, hence the name. " Surprisingly, on October 6th, 2003, a piece of "Sanguqiao" was found in the construction waste in the courtyard of the cotton processing factory in Wolong District. The inscription reads: "... three patrons are more upright. These three were Liu's backers in the thatched cottage and paid tribute to Zhuge. Later, the Han dynasty began to prosper. It is true that this bridge pays tribute to the road of Zhuge, although it is called the remains of ancestors, just to facilitate people's communication today. But after a long time, the danger came. Who can bear to sit back and watch? It is said that the bridge was built to make it last forever. Sanguqiao Monument is an important discovery in Zhuge Liang's research history of Nanyang. This undoubtedly proves that the "San Gu Bridge" did exist in history, and also proves in kind that Liu Bei's "San Gu Bridge" occurred in Wollongong, Nanyang.
The sixth evidence is that Xing wrote Zhuge Liang's Tribute in Nanyang.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, in order to commemorate the sages, Li Kasi, the general of Jingzhou in Zhennan, was ordered to go to Zhuge Liang's former residence with Li Xing to offer sacrifices. Therefore, Li Xing wrote an article "Ode to Prime Minister Zhuge", in which he said: "The son of heaven ordered me to keep my grandson, listen to the drums and think about the eternal life, the legacy of the ancient philosophers, climb the Longshan Mountain and overlook it, and study Zhuge's hometown ...". This happened during the Jin Yongxing period. At that time, general Zhennan and Jingzhou secretariat Li Kas were stationed in Liu's army. Li Xing wrote "Sacrifice to Prime Minister Zhuge" for Ricard, and they sacrificed Zhuge Liang somewhere in Nanyang, Mianbei. However, the "Xiangyang Theory" takes this tribute out of context and thinks that "Yang Zaimian" is in Zhuge Liang's former residence in Xiangyang. Actually, this is a misunderstanding. In ancient times, people used to say that "the water in the south of the mountain is the sun". The "Yang of Mianshui" here refers to holding a sacrificial ceremony somewhere in Nanyang, north of Mianshui, rather than Xiangyang's hometown in the south.
Evidence 7: Huang Quan built a temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang to worship Zhuge Liang.
Huang Quan was the first person who built Zhuge Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang in the early Ming Dynasty. Huang Quan, the word Gongheng, is from Langzhong, Brazil. After Liu Bei attacked Yizhou, he was appointed acting general, Liu Bei was the queen of Hanzhong, and he was appointed as the ruler of China. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Shu, he wanted to avenge the fall of Jingzhou and the murder of Guan Yu, so he had to attack Wu Dong. Huang Quan tried to dissuade him, but Liu Bei refused, so he had to lead the expedition himself. Huang Quan was appointed as the general of Zhenbei, and supervised the jiangbei army to defend Wei's family. Later, cutting Wu really failed. Huang Quan surrendered to Wei because "it is impossible to surrender to Wu and there is no way to return to Shu". The late Lord sighed, "If you inherit Huang Quan alone, you will not be alone." Huang Quan has deep feelings for Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, especially for Zhuge Liang. He and his fellow countrymen in Nanyang built a Zhuge Temple in Wolonggang where Zhuge Liang worked hard and held festivals and sacrifices.
Evidence 8 Zhuge Liang borrowed money from Nanyang to lend Liu Bei military supplies.
In the Ming Dynasty, it was recorded in "One Step to Talk about the Son": "The first person lived in Jingzhou, and borrowed 10 million people from Nanyang, thinking that the military supplies were guaranteed by Zhuge Liang, and the coupons still existed in the Song Dynasty." This is an extremely important evidence. The IOUs played at that time were still preserved in the Song Dynasty.
Evidence 9 Zhuge Liang married his younger brother in Nanyang.
Zhuge Wuhou Collection quoted Zhuge Jiapu as saying: "Liang is the younger brother, and the daughter of Nanyang Lins is his wife, who is famous for having children. The existing genealogy of Zhuge family in Langya County says: "Liang was born in Langya, moved to Nanyang and became an official in Xishu. The genealogy also reads: "Zhuge Liang's second grandson, Zhuge Liang's second son (Zhuge Liang), took his family back to his hometown as soon as possible and returned to Langya.
According to Zhuge Zongpu, Zhuge Liang was from Yang Du, Langya County, Shandong Province. Their original surname was Ge, and their descendants were chased by Emperor Wen of Han as governors of various counties, so people called them "Zhuge". Over time, they are used to thinking that their surnames are compound surnames. There are three brothers Zhuge Liang. My brother Zhu Gejin is in Dongwu. When my brother Zhuge Jun was young, he worked with Zhuge Liang in Wolonggang, Nanyang, and became self-reliant. When Zhuge Liang was old, he married Lin's daughter for his brother in Nanyang.
The tenth evidence is that Pei Du praised Zhuge Lianggeng Nanyang in Tang Dynasty.
In the pavilion on the left side of the gate of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, there stands a monument to Wuhou Temple, the prime minister of Shu. Pei Du was a famous figure in the middle Tang Dynasty. He is well-read and versatile. The inscription begins: "Read old history and seek wisdom." . This shows that Pei Du has studied the life experience and achievements of Zhuge Liang, an ancient sage, and is very familiar with it. Pei Du praised Zhuge Liang as a talent of "keeping a low profile". The inscription says: "It's time for the public to join in Nanyang and compare with wind music ... the so-called Wolong". This is one of the earliest stone inscriptions affirming Zhuge Liang's dedication to Nanyang. Such a precious inscription has a long history and important documentary value. It is really rare that it can be preserved so far.
Evidence 1 1 A large number of documents in the Tang Dynasty recorded that Zhuge Liang reclaimed Nanyang.
In the Tang Dynasty, Zhuge Liang became famous all over the world. A large number of documents and inscriptions recorded Zhuge Lianggeng's deeds in Nanyang, and Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liangcaotang, Wollongong and Zhuge Lu three times. For example, Shen Hui, assistant minister of foreign affairs in the Tang Dynasty, said in the inscription of the new temple of Zhuge Wuhou, the prime minister of Shu: "The Wuhou in the west of Yi set foot in Wan, retired to the secret, and lived up to its glory." In Zhuge Wuhou Temple, Lu Wen said: "Xu Zi's lying down is the main thing, and his ministers are unfair." Yan Cong said in the preface to Ode to the Famous Ministers of the Three Kingdoms: "The trace of the former Lord spread far and wide in Wenyu, and Kong Ming devoted himself to Nanyang and waited for the Lord ..." On the Three Ministers said: "In the past, Zhuge Liang embraced Nanyang and called it Fu Liangyin, which was more confident than Guan Le, Yuan. Although the amount of its career can be seen, its remains can also be seen. " Zhao Jun's textual research on the time and place of Jinshilin said: Lu is "seventy miles southwest of Nanyang City." Liu Yuxi said in "The Inscription of Humble Rooms": "Zhuge Lu is in Nanyang, and Ting Yun Pavilion is in Xishuzi".
Evidence 12 In Song Dynasty, there were more and more people who insisted on Zhuge Liang repairing Nanyang.
For example, Zhu Fu said in "Comment on Zhu Gekongming": "Kongming lives in Wan, which is better than wind music in the world. On the other hand, Zhuge Liang, the assistant of King Kong Ming, and Yi Yin, also have their husband Kong Ming in Yi Yin. Although the things he met were different, his heart was the same. There is a way to be happy, but Fu Liang's poems are planted in Nanyang, which is also obscure. He hired three people and started, drove three people and followed, the same source. "
In the Song Dynasty, Sima Guang said in the Self-healing Mirror: "Zhuge Liang was a native of Langya and lived in Longzhong, Xiangyang." "Wei Lue" says: "Zhuge Liang studied in Jingzhou at the beginning of Jian 'an, and in Yingchuan, Runan and Meng in Jingzhou. "According to the above records, in the early years of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang lived in Xiangyang Longzhong, not plowing, but studying. These data completely deny Zhuge Liang's theory of dedicating himself to Xiangyang Longzhong.
Evidence 13 Yue Fei visited the Wuhou Temple in Nanyang and wrote down the "two introductory tables"
Yue Fei, a national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, worshipped Zhuge Liang very much. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 138), he went to Nanyang to write Zhuge Liang's Model, and wrote the postscript: "Shaoxing visited Nanyang Wuhou Temple in May and August. When it rains, I stay in the temple, hold the candle deeper, and carefully observe the words, poems and poems praised by Mr. Wang between the stone wall and the stone table in front of the temple. I didn't feel tears, but I couldn't sleep at night and sat still. After the Taoist priest offered tea, he published a paper to ask for words. Crying and writing, regardless of work, slightly relieved the depressed ears in the chest. Yue Fei knows. "
14 yuan scholars praised Zhuge Liang's evidence of Nanyang.
Yang Weizhen, a Confucian scholar in Jiangxi Province in the Yuan Dynasty, said in On Kongming's Comparison of Wind Music: "Zhu Gekongming in the Han Dynasty often compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi when he cultivated Nanyang. People firmly claimed that he boasted about the world and looked at it from the rest, but his talent was too musical. " Wang Qian, a professor of Confucianism in Yuan Dynasty, said in the Temple Monument of Prime Minister Zhu Wuhou: "Seventy miles west of Wanzhi, there is a secluded place near Gangyue Wolong, which is the secluded place of Wuhou. The predecessors built four houses and painted statues. " Cheng Jufu, a scholar of Hanlin in Yuan Dynasty, wrote in "Repairing the Monument of Nanyang Zhuge Academy" that: "According to Jin Chen, there are hills and deep wells 70 miles west of Nanyang, named Wollongong, named Zhuge Well. According to legend, it is the former residence of Zhong Wuhou, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, and is worshipped by people aged 10. " "Dayuan Unification Annals" Volume III "Monument" in Jiangbei Province, Henan Province contains: "Wolonggang is in Nanyang County, and Zhuge Liang and Kong Ming are ploughing the fields."
Evidence 15: Nanyang Wuhou Temple appointed by King Yuan Renzong.
Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang was inscribed by Yuan Renzong in Yanyou four years (A.D. 13 15).
According to "Repairing the Monument of Nanyang Zhuge Academy" written by Cheng Jufu in Yuan Dynasty, from Yuan Wuzong to his sophomore year, He Wei, a politician from Pingzhang, Henan Province, visited Zhuge Liang Temple in Nanyang to "enjoy himself", that is, instructed Nanyang local officials to expand and repair the temple. The project is planned to be built for four years. After its completion, Henan asked the imperial court to name it. In the fourth year of Yanyou (3 15 BC), Yuan Renzong wrote the book "Pingzhang Politics" and consulted with the Hanlin Academy, officially naming Zhuge Liang Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang as "Wuhou Temple". Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang has since gained the status of emperor. Cheng Jufu, a bachelor of Hanlin in Yuan Dynasty, was born in Jingshan, Huguang. At that time, he participated in the collective research and wrote the inscription "A Repair", which should be said to be reliable.
Evidence 16 The official records of the Ming Dynasty affirmed Zhuge Liang's loyalty to Nanyang.
In the Ming Dynasty, Zhuge Liang's investment in Nanyang was further recognized by the government and went down in history.
The unified annals of Daming is a monograph on historical geography compiled by officials in Ming Dynasty. "Nanyang Prefecture Records Mountains and Rivers" said: "Wollongong is seven miles west of the government. From Song Shan Zhinan, it stretches for hundreds of miles, but now it is completely gone, dancing like a nest, but grass is in it. The world calls Kongming Wolong because its name is "Gangyun". As flat as the palm of your hand, that's where Kong Ming plowed. " Volume 30 of Chronicle also said: "Zhuge Liang, a native of Langya, avoided chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, lived in Xigang, Nanyang, and worked hard in Long Mu." The expressions in the Records of Nanyang Mansion by Jiajing of Ming Dynasty are almost the same as those in the Records of the Unification of Daming. In the seventh year of Jiajing (A.D. 1528), at the invitation of the chief secretaries of Henan and other places, Ming Shizong confirmed that Wolonggang in Nanyang was "actually the place where Zhuge Liang made his fortune", but "Xiangyang was not the place to travel with the hermit Pang Shiyuan."
Evidence 17. Many inscriptions in the Ming dynasty
In the Ming Dynasty, "Jiajing Yiyou Fu Minyou Fu Youfu's right to participate in politics and Xu Fuli's dedication" said: "Wan County is seventy miles west, full of prosperity, and stretches for more than forty miles, which is called Wollongong. This is also the place where Zhu Gekongming, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, cultivated. There is a thatched cottage on the hill. In front of it, there is a statue of Zhongwuhou Temple. The nylon scarf in the statue is held at the knee, which makes people awe-inspiring. There is also an old academy site next to it, asking about his father. In the preface to Zhuge Wuhou, Ming Chengzu said, "Kongming lived in Han and lived in seclusion in Nanyang. Si Mahui said that Jie Jun was the man who knew the times, and Zhu Gekongming was really Jie Jun. "
In the Ming Dynasty, Li Dongyang said in "Rebuilding Zhuge Wuhou Temple": "Wolonggang, 50 miles west of Nanyang City, is the former site of the thatched cottage. In Han history, it was called Hou Genggong Nanyang, and it was also called living in Xiangyang Longzhong. Yuan Jian Temple worships Hou, runs an academy, sets up a mountain leader, and recruits disciples to give lectures. Abel tamata has hundreds of hectares. "
/kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, Ming celebrities attached great importance to the evidence of Nanyang Wuhou Temple.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Ci said in "Zhuge Rebuilding Wuhou Temple": "Nanyang County governs the west and enters the city for six or seven miles. There is a post called Wolong, the old temple of Zhuge Wuhou, which died after a long time ... Ye, a famous Sichuan new poet in the Ming Dynasty, said in Wuhou Ji: "Jiajing Yiyou was in the middle of winter and was ordered to make Nanyang, Tang Dou a leisure place.
Evidence In the 19th year of Kangxi Yiyou, two books, Longgang Zhi and Zhongyi Wuzhi, were compiled.
Cai Ke in Qing Dynasty said in Rebuilding the Monument of Wuhou Temple: "Houci is all over the world, and the most famous one is Sanyan. Speaking of Langya, trace back to its birth, Shu and Dian, and report its merits. Speaking of Nanyang, I have been cultivating and cultivating. There has been a saying of Wollongong Cloud since ancient times ... "
Peng Qing said in "Rebuilding the Temple of Zhuge Prime Minister Zhong Wuhou": "In the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Zhaolie visited Zhuge Liang in Nanyang. Seventy miles west of Nanyang, it is said to be Wollongong, the old place for farming ... "
Discussion on Rebuilding Wuhou Temple and Zhuge Academy Monument in the 20th Century
In the book Collection of Zhuge Zhong Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Qing Luyou said: "Zhuge Zhong Wuhou didn't particularly cherish Wang Zuo's talent, but actually had the knowledge of sages and etiquette. It was skillful to test his life and actions. He stood with three generations of England before he joined in farming for a Long Mu, and he began to leave after three visits to the cottage. ....
In Qing Dynasty, Yan Xingbang said in the Inscription of Rebuilding Zhuge Academy in Wollongong, Nanyang: "Seventy miles west of Nanyang, there is Wollongong. The office lived in seclusion in Yuedao for ten years, so it was changed to Zhuge Academy, and students gathered in Xi Zhi. Yesterday, it was self-evident that the quarterly Committee was ashes, ... "
Evidence 2 1 Zhuge Liang once had many active sites in Nanyang.
In history, Zhuge Liang was in Nanyang, with many traces of activities. For example, the book "Zhongzhou Za" written by Wang in the Qing Dynasty said: "Zhuge Liang, a native of Langya, moved to Yangshi Gorge, built a secluded house, and sought to move to Wollongong, Nanyang. There is a little Mao 'an in Shixiakou, Yuzhou (now Xiaoshidian, Fangcheng County), and the stone carvings recorded in the Tang Dynasty still exist today. I also tasted Yebaigang, who lives in Xinye. The base of Zhuangzhai is now the Jade Emperor Temple, and the ancient well is still there. Nanyang Wolonggang tablet is hidden, Xintian is five hectares, and tenants rent seeds, which is also the legacy of sages. There are Zhuge Zhuang in Tang County and Yuandian in Wuhou County. They once plowed out the ancient monument, laid it in Xitong Village, the county seat, and walked six miles to Nanyang City. Also, at the foot of Pingshan Mountain in Yexian County, there is a rocky building cloud in the second year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty:' There is an old grave of Zhuge in the ground, in Lai man wa lane. At the foot of this mountain, there is Zhuge Temple in the west and Golden Rooster Tomb in the east. This suspicious tomb is the burial place of Kong Ming's father. Beggars fled to the Western Heaven from Langya, and lived in Wan since their father and ancestors. This broken stone building is not far from the Three Kingdoms, so it must be true, so I wrote it. "
Evidence 22 Zhuge Liang once bought fields and cultivated in Zhuge Zhuang, Tongzhaipu.
According to Nanyang Tanghe County Records. Geographical history records: "Zhuge Zhuang is located more than forty miles west of the county seat, which leads to Puxi. It has been cleared for 52 years, and a stone tablet with the word' Zhuge Zhuang' on it has been plowed. According to legend, Wuhou once set up a field here, and it was only sixty miles to Nanyang Laolu. "
Twenty-third piece of evidence: In his "Farewell Post", he said that Liang devoted himself to Nanyang.
Zhuge Liang's Far-sighted Post was first written by Feng Neiyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Volume XIII of the cursive script Xuanhe Pu Shu says: "Zhuge Liang is a native of Kongming, and Langya Yang Du is also a native. Be lonely and obey your father. Xuanzu, Ming devoted himself to Nanyang, lying high and not being an official. The top three experts in Shu looked at each other and then got up. The first Lord was very happy and called his minister, "I am smart, but I am still a fish." . ..... Today's cursive script in the palace-Yuan Luxury Post. Yuan Tuotie is the only remaining copy of Zhuge Liang, and Narration in Cursive Script provides evidence for Zhuge Liang to reclaim Nanyang.
Twenty-four generations of scholars praised Zhuge Wuhou.
Scholars in past dynasties wrote a lot of poems and songs, praising Zhuge Wuhou, from which we can see the traces of Zhuge Liang's dedication to Nanyang. Now let's choose a few columns:
Reading Biography of Zhuge Wuhou Tang Li Bai
When he was in Nanyang, Long Mu bent down to cultivate his morality. Fish and water are three things, and the clouds are everywhere.
Nanyang tanghulu layer
After hundreds of battles, the hero of chaos in the world was once happy to plow and hoe the fields. The king of Shu, regardless of himself, had to put the old Lu Sheng down first.
Zhuge Wuhou Wang Song Anshi
Wuhou when this time, Wolong alone destroyed Tibet. Turn around and sing to Fu Liang, ashamed to compete with others. I came across a towel from Nanyang.
Between the rugged Bahan and Han people, we have repeatedly attacked the strong with the weak.
Evidence 25 Zhuge Liang cultivated land in Wolonggang, Nanyang.
In the chronicles of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is clearly recorded that Zhuge Liang devoted himself to farming in Wolonggang, Nanyang, and was taken care of by three people. According to the records, "Wollongong is located in the west Qili of Nanyang Prefecture, starting from Song Shan Zhinan and stretching for hundreds of miles. At this point, it completely stopped, rotating like a bird's nest, but the grass was inside ... and its bottom was as flat as a palm, that is, the land where the harem plowed. " "Geography of Ming History" said: "At that time, people called Kongming Wolong, hence the name Gangyun." General Yu of Ming Dynasty said in the story of rebuilding Zhuge Ting: "When Mr. Zhuge Liang plowed Nanyang, people called Nanyang' Long Fu', hence the name Wollongong, and the post station where he lived was named after Mr. Shan." Based on these two statements, we believe that both the man named after the land and the mountain named after Mr. Wang indicate that Zhuge Liang lived in Wollongong, Nanyang, where the harem cultivated.
Yang evidence 26 Liu Bei's three visits to the cottage can only be in Wollongong, Nanyang.
There is a story about Zhuge recommended by Xu Shu in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which comes from Volume 35 of The Three Kingdoms. Shu Shuwu, when Liu Bei was stationed in the wild, it was natural to visit the thatched cottage in Wollongong, Nanyang. However, Xiangyang people insist that "Liu Bei's three visits to the cottage are in Longzhong", which is unreasonable.
We know Liu Beitun Xinye. In order to expand his influence, Liu Bei actively recruited talents. "There are more and more Jingzhou heroes returning to their ancestors", which aroused Liu Biao's vigilance. "Show your doubts, but restrain yourself from yin", that is, send someone to spy. Therefore, it is impossible for Liu Bei to unscrupulously cross the Hanshui River three times and go to Xiangyang Longzhong Caotang to invite Zhuge Liang out of the mountain.
Twenty-seven evidence, Nanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty was not under the jurisdiction.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xiangyang Longzhong was not under the jurisdiction of Nanyang County, which was the key issue of Zhuge Liang's land dispute. People who insist on Xiangyang's theory are mainly based on what they said in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period: "The Liang family is in Dengxian County, Nanyang, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and Longzhong, posthumous title." In fact, this statement by Xi does not conform to historical facts.
In ancient times, due to inconvenient transportation, mountains and rivers were often the natural boundaries of administrative divisions. Nanyang County was established in the thirty-fifth year of Qin Dynasty (272 BC), and Nanjun County was established in the south of Hanshui River in the twenty-ninth year of Qin Dynasty. More than 50 kilometers east and west of Hanshui River was the dividing line between the two counties at that time. When Nanjun was established, it was impossible to leave only a small piece of Hannan Longzhong. Six years later, Nanyang County was established and included in Nanyang County across the river. Hu Sansheng said in the note of "Zi Tong Zhi Jian": "Qin is located in Nanyang County, south of Shan Zhi and north of Hanshui River." The history of the road. Quote Xiao Liang and Ren Fang's Geography "Nanyang County is in the north of Hanshui River, and Nanjun County is in the south of Hanshui River". For more than 400 years, from the Qin Dynasty to the thirteen years before Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanyang County and Nanjun County have always been bounded by Hanshui River. Today, the land in Longzhong is just south of Hanshui River. Therefore, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Nanjun County, not to Nanyang County.
Evidence 28 Dengxian County is not Dengcheng, and the two places cannot be confused.
According to Chen's Historical and Geographical Evolution Table, "there were Dengzhou and County in ancient times, formerly known as Wanxian." He also said, "Dengcheng was founded in Jin and belongs to Xiang County." "Hui Chuan" explained: "There is Deng Cheng twenty miles northeast of Xiangyang House in Huguang today." Textual Research on Geography in the Spring and Autumn Period says: "Deng Guo, now Dengzhou is 120 miles southwest of Nanyang Prefecture, Henan Province." Judging from the above information, Dengxian is not Dengcheng, and the two places are separated by more than a hundred miles.
So, does Dengxian have jurisdiction over Dengcheng? Is it also necessary to deal with the problem in Longzhong? What is certain is that Deng County has never managed Longzhong. The reason is that Deng County and Longzhong in Nanyang are separated by County and Chaoyang County, and separated by a river. How does Deng County manage Longzhong? Ignoring the above facts, Xi gnashed his teeth. When writing the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Han and Jin Dynasties, he mistakenly regarded Deng County in Nanyang as Deng City in Xiangyang, and took the administrative division of the Jin Dynasty as a proof of the activities of the characters at the end of the Han Dynasty, which was contrary to historical facts.
Evidence 29: The title of Longzhong Dui is inappropriate, and it should be Cao Lu team.
Chen Shou, the author of The Three Kingdoms, recorded Liu Bei's conversation with Zhuge Liang when he visited the Caotang in Zhuge Liang's Collection, and named it Caotang. In the Qing Dynasty, when Zhang Shu edited Zhuge Zhongwu's Postscript, he made a detailed explanation according to the records of Huayangzhi written by the historian Chang Jiaqu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Zhuge Jiliang, which we saw today, listed Cao Lu Dui as the first volume, which was collated by the editorial department of Zhonghua Book Company when it was published in August 1960, according to the Postscript of Zhuge Zhongwu written by Zhang Shu of A Qing Dynasty and the original text of Zhuge Jiliang written by Chen Shou. However, the Qing Dynasty's Ancient Literature and Style named this passage Longzhongdui, which lacked reliable historical basis and could not reflect the objective reality. Therefore, Longzhong Dui was purely imposed on later generations, and was later misrepresented.
The connotation of 30 cultivated land, residence and memorial place of the evidence is different and cannot be equated.
Zhuge Liang described himself as "cultivating Nanyang" in The Former Teacher and The Story of Huangling Temple. Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms adopts Zhuge Liang's self-report, which should be said to be the most reliable and credible material. If you believe others and deny Zhuge Liang, it is putting the cart before the horse.
In unofficial history, such as Xiangyang Ji, Bao Jian's Zhou Yongji, Sheng Hongzhi's Zhou Jingjing Ji, Yuanhe County Records, Zhou Jingtu Fu, etc., all mentioned Zhuge Liang's residence in Longzhong, Xiangyang, but did not mention Zhuge Liang's cultivation here. So, what did Zhuge Liang do in Xiangyang Longzhong? "Wei Lue" says: "Zhuge Liang studied in Jingzhou at the beginning of Jian 'an, and in Yingchuan, Runan and Meng in Jingzhou." "Hanshu Chunqiu" says: "Runan Meng, on behalf of Wenhui, is the secretariat of Liangzhou. Have the reputation of governing the country and travel with Zhuge Liang. After dawn, I went out to Lushan Mountain, which made Du Zi declare the will. "According to the above records, in the early years of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang once lived in Xiangyang Longzhong, not plowing, but studying, which should also be affirmed. In the place where Zhuge Liang lived, people built memorial buildings to commemorate him. Today, there are many buildings commemorating Zhuge Liang in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places.