Bidding is a term in the bidding industry, which means that the tenderer (buyer) issues a tender notice or tender sheet in advance, puts forward the variety, quantity, technical requirements and related trading conditions, and invites bidders (sellers) to participate in bidding at the specified time and place.
There are five typical bidding forms: open bidding, invitation bidding, comparative bidding, competitive negotiation and BOT project bidding.
First, open bidding.
It refers to a bidding method in which a tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to participate in bidding by issuing a bidding announcement on public media, and selects the winning bidder from qualified bidders. Compared with public bidding, it is called invitation bidding. This method is usually used in international government procurement.
Article 3 of the Bidding Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that the following construction projects, including engineering survey, design, construction, supervision and procurement of important equipment and materials related to engineering construction, must be subject to bidding. In accordance with one of the following standards, bidding must be carried out;
(1) The estimated price of a single construction contract is more than 2 million yuan;
(2) The estimated price of a single contract for the procurement of important equipment, materials and other goods is more than 6,543,800 yuan;
(three) the estimated price of a single contract for the procurement of services such as survey, design and supervision is more than 500,000 yuan;
(4) The estimated price of a single contract is lower than the standards specified in (1), (2) and (3), but the total investment of the project is more than 30 million yuan.
Second, the invitation to bid
Under the current law, invitation to bid has two meanings: invitation to bid in bidding means that the tenderer invites a specific legal person or other organization to bid in the form of an invitation to bid; Invited bidding in government procurement means that the purchaser of goods or services issues a prequalification announcement in the government procurement information media designated by the financial department of the people's government at or above the provincial level, and announces the qualifications of bidders. After the qualification examination of bidders, the purchaser randomly selects more than three bidders from qualified bidders as formal bidders, and sends them an invitation to bid.
Third, competitive negotiation.
Refers to the way that the purchaser or procurement agency directly invites more than three suppliers to negotiate on procurement matters. The characteristics of competitive negotiation procurement method are as follows: First, it can shorten the preparation period and make the procurement project play its role faster. The second is to reduce the workload, which saves a lot of bid opening and bidding, which is conducive to improving work efficiency and reducing procurement costs. Third, the supply and demand sides can negotiate more flexibly. Fourth, it is conducive to the protection of national industries. Fifth, it can make suppliers consciously use high-tech to purchase products, and at the same time, it can transfer procurement risks.
Fourth, comparison and choice.
Comparative bidding is a kind of bidding method, which refers to the process of comparing candidates or agents to announce the conditions and requirements in advance, inviting a certain number of legal persons or other economic organizations to participate in the bidding project competition from the applicants who voluntarily sign up for comparison in accordance with the prescribed methods, and finally determining the winning bidder through comparison.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) robot program
That is, build-operate-transfer, that is, the government grants private enterprises (including foreign enterprises) franchise rights for a certain period of time through contracts, allowing them to finance the construction and operation of specific public infrastructure, and allowing them to repay loans, recover investment and earn profits by charging users or selling products; When the concession period expires, the infrastructure will be handed over to the government free of charge.