First, the architecture of financial institutions.
(1) The financial intermediary system in western countries is a pattern in which a number of banks and non-bank financial institutions coexist, among which banking institutions are dominant. The basic feature of this financial intermediary system is that the central bank is the core.
(2) Non-bank financial institutions are another important part of financial intermediaries.
(3) Financial institutions with the central bank as the core have relatively perfect financial models.
Two. Functions of financial institutions:
1, as a credit intermediary, to promote financial intermediation. The most basic function of financial intermediary is to realize the financing between borrowers through indirect financing. 2. Act as a payment intermediary to promote payment settlement. For the creditor-debtor relationship formed by the customer's transfer of fund receipt and payment or settlement transaction, the payment efficiency is improved through the modern payment system. 3. Provide financial services to reduce transaction costs. Reduce the cost of search and verification, supervision and audit, risk management and participation of both parties to the fund supply; At the same time, financial intermediaries use specialized technology to provide various services at low cost. 4. Solve the problem of information asymmetry and prevent adverse selection and moral hazard. Information asymmetry means that both parties have different information. The consequences of information asymmetry are adverse selection and moral hazard, which can be effectively prevented by financial intermediaries. 5. Transfer and disperse financial risks. ? Three. Classification of financial intermediaries
? (1) can be divided into direct financial intermediary and indirect financial intermediary according to the field of activity. (2) According to their functions, they can be divided into financial regulatory agencies, regulatory agencies and general financial institutions. (3) According to business characteristics, it can be divided into banks and non-bank financial institutions. (4) According to its role in financial activities, it can be divided into financing financial intermediary, investment financial intermediary, insurance financial intermediary and information consulting service financial intermediary. (5) According to the source of funds, it can be divided into deposit financial institutions, contractual savings institutions and investment intermediaries.
For the phenomenon around us, intermediaries are actually everywhere, covering all walks of life, real estate agents, travel Internet platforms, employment agencies, marriage agencies and so on. These are all familiar intermediaries; Banks, insurance companies and trust companies are essentially intermediaries, but people don't think so. Intuitively, the existence of economic intermediary organizations is reasonable and has its value. Whether you like it or hate it, it will not disappear gradually, and there may be structural changes, but the market demand for it will always exist and its essence will not change.
In fact, it is reasonable for us to understand the existence of finance. Banks and consumer finance companies are financial intermediaries. Financial intermediaries are hierarchical. Banks are primary financial intermediaries, consumer finance companies are secondary intermediaries, and guarantee companies are tertiary intermediaries, with 7,788 intermediaries. The value of their existence lies in making up the shortcomings of the functions of higher-level financial intermediaries.
The relationship between consumer finance companies and intermediaries is a cooperative relationship, which can be divided into the following types according to the different ways of cooperation:
Relying on intermediary, auxiliary intermediary, * * natural intermediary and using intermediary. Cash loans carried out by the intermediary of consumer finance companies will develop customers independently or acquire customers through cooperation. These institutions all rely on the low threshold or high approval efficiency of consumer finance companies to obtain service fees. Their value is to solve information asymmetry or establish business contacts through interpersonal relationships. As information becomes more transparent, its value will be lower and lower. These institutions are subordinate intermediaries.
Some institutions have their own main business, and do not rely entirely on consumer finance companies to survive, but provide channels for consumer finance companies to obtain customers, which is basically called auxiliary intermediary.
The cooperative relationship is mutually beneficial, the channel obtains funds to develop business, and the consumer finance company has more customers and a certain profit, which can be considered as a natural intermediary.
By forming a syndicate to jointly develop the market, the consumer finance companies in this cooperative mode only provide funds and are in a state of being used, so this is called a utilization intermediary.
The above modes of intermediary cooperation are different, but the degree of cooperation cannot be generalized.
Under the market competition, the intermediaries that cooperate with consumer finance companies include financial intermediaries and non-financial intermediaries. In fact, they are slowly changing. Generally speaking, their value can be attributed to asset conversion, risk sharing, credit allocation and transaction cost reduction, as well as customer acquisition cost, evaluation cost and supervision cost. Asset conversion function is the function of consumer finance companies, and the other three functions are the idea of intermediary transformation in cooperation with consumer finance companies. It is these three points that determine the changes of these intermediary structures. With the enhancement of consumer finance companies' ability to obtain customers, the survival of sex intermediaries has weakened since then. Credit rationing and anti-fraud are important directions for dependent intermediaries to improve their own abilities.
Therefore, consumer finance companies are also financial intermediaries, and there are other different views on cooperative intermediaries; There are many kinds of intermediaries, just like other things. According to its own development strategy and market competition, it is necessary to choose suitable intermediary agencies for cooperation. No matter at what stage, the auxiliary intermediary should be the priority partner. However, if the initial risk control ability is weak, and there are suitable partners with natural intermediaries, they should choose suitable intermediaries for cooperation according to their own development strategies and market competition.
Let's learn about the status of financial intermediaries in today's society. Generally speaking, finance needs us to know and know in advance, but I just know it a little late. Now I would like to share with you a little about the process of understanding financial intermediaries, hoping to get to know them, and the knowledge I have explained is still fresh in my memory. Every day there will be different sharing and all kinds of interesting content to discuss with you!