1, named after its function.
Some drugs are named according to their action characteristics: for example, Radix Saposhnikoviae can prevent exogenous wind, Herba Leonuri can treat gynecological diseases, Semen Hyacini can treat leprosy, Herba Epimedii can treat impotence, Concha Haliotidis and Semen Cassiae can improve eyesight, and Radix Dipsaci can continue tendons and bones.
2, named after the smell
Some drugs have special smells, so they are named according to their odor characteristics. There is a strong smell, such as woody, agastaches, cloves, fennel, frankincense, agarwood and so on. There are Platanus acerifolia, Stinky Peony, Ferula, etc. Sweet, such as licorice and Gan Song; Bitter, such as Sophora flavescens and Melia azedarach; Spicy asarum and pepper; Sour Ziziphus jujuba seeds; Salty Qiu Shi; The faint taste is faint bamboo leaves; There are five flavors, such as Schisandra chinensis.
3, named after the shape.
Many traditional Chinese medicines have various natural colors, so their colors can also be used as the source of naming. If it is red, there are safflower, red peony root, salvia miltiorrhiza and cinnabar; White ones are Bletilla striata, Angelica dahurica, Atractylodes macrocephala, Cynanchum atratum and so on. Black Scrophularia and Mume; The yellow ones are Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Cortex Phellodendri; The blue ones are indigo naturalis, Artemisia annua, Folium Isatidis, etc.
5. Named for its growth characteristics.
Prunella vulgaris leaves wither from summer to the future, Pinellia ternata ripens in midsummer, summer leaves wither after summer, honeysuckle leaves linger, and Hollyleaf is particularly cold and green, all of which are named according to its growth characteristics.
6. Named after the medicinal part (the most widely named medicinal material)
Plants are different from roots, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, and animals are also different from skins, bones and organs, so their medicinal parts can be named. For example, ephedra and kudzuvine root are used as medicinal roots, perilla leaves, mulberry leaves, lotus leaves and arborvitae leaves are all leaves, perilla stems, lotus stems and epimedium stems are all stems, and radish seeds, white mustard seeds and burdock seeds are named. Animal medicines include hedgehog skin, tiger bone, bear gall, otter liver, rhinoceros horn and antelope horn, all of which are named after their medicinal parts.
7. Name it after nature.
Named after the original nature of drugs, such as impatience, its impatience is abnormal; Cistanche deserticola is not strict, calm and gentle; The king does not leave the line, but does not keep it; The agarwood is heavy and the wheat is frivolous, which is called floating wheat.
8. Named after the place of origin
Such as Fructus Zanthoxyli, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Fructus Toosendan and Rhizoma Chuanxiong. Angelica dahurica and Chrysanthemum morifolium are produced in Zhejiang and distributed in Hangzhou. Ejiao is made of donkey skin from Ajing, Dong 'e County, Shandong Province, and boiled with water. Achyranthes bidentata produced in Huaiqing, Henan is the best, and Fritillaria cirrhosa produced in Songpan, Sichuan is the best.
9. Naming names
Most people named after people are legends; For example, after the name of the envoy, it is said that the envoy Guo treated children's scurvy and often took this medicine to see the effect; According to the legend of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, the old man named He often takes this medicine, and his hair is still black at the age of 130, hence the name; Others are Petunia, Akebia, Eucommia ulmoides, and Liu.
10, exotic drugs and transliteration naming
Medicinal materials imported from foreign countries or ethnic minority areas often add "fan" and "Hu", such as senna, picrorhiza rhizome and pepper; There are also translated names such as Hulile, Datura and A Furong.
In addition, there is a big one; Nicknames, such as jujube, thistle, spurge, star anise, fennel and thistle; Named for its long storage time, such as Chenpi and old rice; Medicinal materials are precious, rare or efficient, and they are often called Jiabao, such as Ma Bao and Goubao; Efficient people such as Millennium Health, Clematis, etc.
According to their different sources, the appellations of traditional Chinese medicine can be summarized into the following categories:
◆ Named after the place of origin
Such as Chuanlian, Chuanxiong and Fritillaria cirrhosa, are all named because they are mainly produced in Sichuan. Pogostemon cablin, Cortex Cinnamomi Japonici and Radix Aucklandiae are produced in Guangdong, Rhizoma Alismatis in Fujian, Poria in Yunnan, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae and Cortex Phellodendri in Northeast China, hence the name. Ejiao is named after it is produced in Dong 'e County, Shandong Province. The alphabet stone comes from Xinzhou, hence its name. Su Hexiang was named after it was produced in the ancient Soviet Union.
◆ Named after the growth form of drugs.
Such as Achyranthes bidentata, named for its knobby stem and swollen shape. Ginseng, whose roots are used as medicine, looks like a human form, hence the name. Bergamot, shaped like a finger in a human hand, is called bergamot. Grifola umbellata, whose roots are as black as pig manure, hence the name. Golden-haired dog's back is shaped like a dog's back and its hair looks like dog's hair, hence the name. Others, such as plantain, agarwood, Akebia stem, clove, Aristolochia, forsythia, Zanthoxylum nitidum, Astragalus heterophyllum, Dysosma versicolor and Pulsatilla chinensis, are all named after their shapes.
◆ Named after the growth characteristics of drugs.
For example, Pinellia ternata, which matures in May of the lunar calendar, happens to be halfway through the summer, hence its name. Prunella vulgaris is named after its annual withering from summer solstice, honeysuckle is named after its non-withering in winter, and evergreen is named after its evergreen seasons. Cordyceps sinensis is named after Cordyceps sinensis, and the adult is connected with the fungus seat. Holly seed is named after picking its mature fruit in winter.
◆ Named after the peculiar smell of drugs.
Suanzaoren, sweet licorice, bitter ginseng and spicy asarum are all named after their taste. Schisandra chinensis, named after its five flavors, is "sweet and sour skin, bitter and salty core" Houttuynia cordata is named after its leaves have a fishy smell, and Patrinia scabra is named after its unique odor. Musk, clove, eggplant, agastache rugosa and Dalbergia odorifera are all named after the smell, while stinky devil, smelly jasmine and phoenix tree are all named after the smell.
◆ Named after the color of the drug.
Many traditional Chinese medicines have various natural colors, so the color of the medicine has become one of the sources of the medicine name. For example, the red ones are safflower, red peony root, salvia miltiorrhiza and so on. Yellow ones are Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Coptidis, Scutellariae Radix, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, etc. The cyan ones are folium Isatidis, pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Artemisia annua, indigo naturalis, etc. White ones include Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Cynanchum atratum and Rhizoma Bletillae. Black has black beans, black ugliness, black sesame and so on. Purple ones are Arnebia euchroma, Viola yedoensis and so on.
◆ Named after the medicinal parts of plants, animals and minerals.
Plants that use flowers as medicine include chrysanthemum, Datura flower, Inula flower, etc. Lotus seeds, radish seeds, dodder seeds and medlar are used as medicines; Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Folium Perillae, Bamboo Leaves and Platycladus orientalis are used as medicines. Caulis Piperis, Caulis Polygoni Multiflori, Caulis Spatholobi, etc. Radix Puerariae, Rhizoma Phragmitis and Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis are used as root medicines. Peony bark, Taiji bark, Acanthopanax bark, Lycium bark, etc. Woody parts are used as medicine, such as sappan wood and bamboo eggplant. Medicinal parts of animals include cicada slough, bezoar, turtle shell, tortoise plastron, pilose antler and so on. Medicinal minerals include cinnabar, ochre and talc.
◆ Named after drug efficacy.
Saposhnikovia divaricata can cure all kinds of wind-induced headaches, Alisma orientalis can eliminate dampness, Leonurus heterophyllus can cure gynecological diseases, Millennium health preservation can "dispel wind and prolong life", Polygalae can improve intelligence, soothe the nerves and strengthen the will, and Rhizoma Drynariae is an important medicine for treating traumatic injuries and reinforcing bone fragments, hence the name. Clematis is named after "its ferocity is threatened, and the spirit fairy speaks its efficacy". Liu Wang's behavior is the most important drug for lactation. "Sex cannot stay, regardless of the king's life, hence the name".
◆ Named after the drug discoverer.
For example, Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasties was nicknamed "Sending Slaves". People called this medicine "Liu Sending Slaves" because they found a sword, gun and arrow medicine, which could be cured with one application. It is said that Panzhou Langzhong Guo sent messengers to treat children's diseases, and the doctor later called this medicine "messenger". Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. It was named "Polygonum multiflorum Thunb" because Hotan, an old man in Zhou Shun, had no children. After taking this medicine, my hair and beard were all black, and I was old and lived for more than one hundred years.
◆ Named after folklore stories.
For example, morning glory, legend has it that people from other places will be cured after taking this medicine, so it is named after morning glory. Epimedium, Tao Hongjing said: "There is a prostitute sheep in the north of Xichuan, which eats this grass", hence the name Epimedium. Surplus grain,
Legend has it that after Dayu succeeded in controlling water, he abandoned surplus grain on river banks and hills, which later became a good medicine to stop diarrhea and stop bleeding, so people called it "Yu surplus grain". Pomegranate, alias An Pomegranate, is said to have been brought back from Anshi after Qian went to the Western Regions, hence the name.