What's the difference between subway fire zone and civil building fire zone?

The subway building has a special structure, which is different from other ordinary buildings, and its fire prevention should take corresponding measures according to its architectural characteristics and fire characteristics. \x0d\ 1。 Fire partition \x0d\ (1) General provisions \x0d\ 1. The passenger evacuation area of the underground station \x0d\ platform and the station hall is a fire zone. Local underground multi-line interchange stations * * * adopt the public area of the station hall, and the construction area of the public area of the station hall should not exceed 5000_. The underground platform and station hall on the same floor are divided into a fire zone. \x0d\2。 The ground station \x0d\ equipment management area should be divided into different fire zones from public zones. The maximum allowable building area of fire protection zones in public areas should not be greater than 5000_. When the fire zone of the equipment management area is located in a building with a building height less than or equal to 24m, the maximum allowable building area of each fire zone should not be greater than 2500 _; When located in a building with a building height of more than 24m, the maximum allowable building area of each fire zone should not be greater than 1500 _. \x0d\ (II) Fire separation measures \x0d\ 1. Fire zone separation \x0d\ Most subway stations cover an area of 5000 ~ 6000 _. Once a fire breaks out, it will spread in a large area without strict fire separation facilities. Therefore, fire partitions such as firewall, fire shutter, water curtain or composite fire shutter should be used to divide the fire partitions. The two fire zones are separated by a firewall with a fire resistance limit of not less than 3.00h and a Class A fire door. When the firewall is equipped with observation windows, Class C and Class A fire-proof glasses should be used. The platform is separated from the platform by a longitudinal firewall, which extends 10mm at both ends of the effective length of the platform. \x0d\2。 Separation of equipment rooms \x0d\ The driver's duty room or station control room, substation, power distribution room, communication signal room, ventilation and air conditioning room, fire pump room, fire extinguishing agent gas cylinder room in subway station and other important equipment rooms should be separated from other parts by partition walls with fire resistance of not less than 3.00h and floor slabs with fire resistance of not less than 2.00h h. The ceiling of the building should be made of non-combustible materials, and the doors on the partition walls should be separated from other parts. \x0d\ When the pipeline passes through the firewall, the gap between the wall and the pipeline shall be filled with fireproof plugging material; When the air ducts cross, the fire air valve should be fortified here; When the pipeline is difficult to burn, fire prevention measures should be taken for the pipeline on both sides of the firewall. Non-combustible materials should be used as insulation materials for pipelines passing through the firewall. \x0d\3。 Fire doors \x0d\ doors of firewall, smoke-proof stairwell, evacuation walkway and communication channel are required to adopt Class A fire doors. The evacuation door located on the fire partition wall should adopt Class B fire door, and the inspection door located in the pipeline well can adopt Class C fire door. \x0d\ Fire doors located at the interface between the equipment management area and the public area, as well as fire doors in emergency exits, fire exits, communication channels and front rooms of smoke-proof stairwells, should be guaranteed to be opened in the evacuation direction without using tools such as keys in case of fire, and signs and use tips should be set in prominent positions. \x0d\ II。 Smoke-proof zone \x0d\ (1) It is generally stipulated that \x0d\ indoor places whose height from the floor to the ceiling or roof is less than or equal to 6m shall be classified as smoke-proof zones, and the following provisions shall be met: \x0d\ 1. The fire zones of underground stations and platforms should be divided into smoke-proof zones, and the construction area of each smoke-proof zone should not exceed 750. \x0d\2。 Smoke-proof hanging walls should be set up in the empty space around the openings such as stairs from the platform to the station hall. \x0d\3。 The construction area of each smoke-proof partition in the equipment management area should not be greater than 750 _. \x0d\4。 Smoke partition shall not cross the fire partition. \x0d\ (II) Separation measures for smoke prevention \x0d\ Vertical smoke prevention walls shall be set between adjacent smoke prevention zones. Smoke-proof wall hanging shall meet the following requirements: \x0d\ 1. Extending from the ceiling should not be less than 500mm, and the hollow ceiling should extend to the structural panel. \x0d\2。 A structural beam extending not less than 500mm under the roof can be used as a smoke-proof vertical wall. \x0d\3。 The vertical distance from the lower edge of the smoke-proof vertical wall to the ground and tread should not be less than 2.3m. In case of fire, the vertical wall of movable smoke screen should be linked with the fire detector and automatically droop to the design position. \x0d\5。 When the height difference between the ceiling in the suspended ceiling of the public area of the station and other places is greater than 500mm, there is no need to set up smoke-proof hanging walls in this part. \x0d\ III。 Safe evacuation \x0d\ The capacity of evacuation stairs, escalators and evacuation passages from the platform to the underground station hall shall ensure that all passengers on the 6-m6minute inbound train and waiting passengers on the platform can be evacuated to the public area of the station hall or other safe areas within 6 minutes when the maximum passenger flow exceeds the peak hours in the long-term or passenger flow control period. \x0d\ (1) safety exit \x0d\ 1. Each station hall should have at least two safety exits leading directly to the outside. The safety exits shall be distributed, and the clear distance between two safety access openings shall not be less than 10m. \x0d\2。 When transferring to the station that uses the station hall, the number of exits of the station hall should be set to at least 2 per line. The number of exit passages or escalators from each platform to the public area or ground of the platform hall should not be less than 2. Elevators, shaft ladders and special stairs located in the management area shall not be used as safety exits for passengers. The equipment management area is located outside the end door of the platform screen door (security door), and the outer walkway leading to the end door can be used as the evacuation walkway of the equipment management area. \x0d\3。 The entrances and exits of station halls, public areas and commercial development should be set independently. When used together, it is necessary to ensure that there are not less than two safety exits leading to the ground in the public area of each station hall, and the evacuation distance is not more than 50m. \x0d\4。 In the manned equipment management area, the number of safety exits in each fire zone should not be less than two, and there should be a safety exit directly leading to the ground. In the unattended equipment management area, each fire zone should be provided with at least one fire door communicating with the adjacent fire zones as a safety exit or leading to the public area. Fire stairs entering the equipment management area can be used as safety exits for personnel in the equipment management area. \x0d\5。 For the side platform stations on the basement level, each side platform should have at least two safety exits leading to the ground or other open spaces. When the public * * * area of the station hall is located on the same floor of the side platform, there should be no less than two openings to enter the public * * * area of the station hall, and the spacing between the openings should not be less than 10m. \x0d\6。 The equipment layout in the central control room, equipment room and other rooms should be convenient for people to escape, and there should be no less than two safety exits. \x0d\7。 The control room, distribution equipment room and compensation equipment room with a length of more than 7m in the main substation shall be provided with two safety exits, which are respectively arranged at both ends of the equipment room. When the length exceeds 60m, three safety exits shall be set. When there are floors in the power distribution equipment room, an entrance can be set at the platform leading to the outdoor stairs. The cable interlayer with a building area of more than 250 \u shall have at least two evacuation exits. \x0d\8。 Evacuation exits of vehicle base and superstructure should be set independently; The evacuation passage of the superstructure should not pass through the vehicle base and should be evacuated independently. \x0d\ (2) Evacuation stairs and evacuation passages \x0d\ 1. Setting requirements \x0d\ At least 1 pedestrian stairs or spare escalators shall be set for each group of entrances and exits from the platform to the station hall and from the station hall to the ground. Stairs for interval evacuation shall be set at the end of the platform. For elevated stations with a building height of more than 24m, smoke-proof staircases leading to the ground should be added at both ends of the platform. Fireproof partition walls with fire resistance of not less than 3.00h shall be set between the lines of the single-hole double-line passenger transport business section tunnel. When there is no fire partition wall, an evacuation well leading to the ground should be set every 800m in the interval tunnel, and the stairwell in the well should be a smoke-proof stairwell. \x0d\ When there is an interval air shaft in a long interval tunnel, a smoke-proof stairwell leading directly to the ground should be set as a safety exit in the well. The ballast bed in the track area of passenger transport operation should have the function of evacuation passage. The surface of ballast bed shall be smooth, continuous and free from obstacles. A continuous evacuation passage with a width of not less than 700mm should be laid on the ballast bed of the distribution section in the rail transit area. \x0d\ A communication channel should be set between two tunnels in the single-track passenger transport business section, which can be used as the evacuation exit of this section. The distance between two adjacent channels should not be greater than 600m, and two Class A fire doors with reverse opening should be set in the channels. \x0d\ The passenger compartment door of the train should be equipped with a manual emergency unlocking device, and the train running in the underground section should be equipped with evacuation ladder doors at the front and rear sections, and all cars should be connected. \x0d\2。 Width requirements \x0d\( 1) The width of the one-way pedestrian staircase in the public * * * area should not be less than 1.8m, and the two-way traffic should not be less than 2.4m；; \x0d\(2) When the equipment and management rooms are arranged on one side, the width of the evacuation passage should not be less than1.2m; ; Double-sided cloth, not less than1.5m; ; \x0d\(3) The width of the stairway leading to the platform should not be less than1.1m; \x0d\(4) The width of the evacuation staircase and the fire-fighting special passage in the interval wind shaft should not be less than1.2m; ; \x0d\(5) Evacuation passages at passenger entrances and exits shall be independent and shall not overlap, and no end-to-end bag-like walkways, doorsills and objects obstructing evacuation shall be set. When two entrances and exits meet and share the same evacuation passage, it should be regarded as a safe evacuation exit. \x0d\ (3) Evacuation platform \x0d\ 1. When both ends of the section are side platform stations, vertical evacuation platforms should be set on both sides of the line. \x0d\2。 When both ends of the section are island platform stations, vertical evacuation platforms should be set between the uplink and downlink lines. \x0d\3。 When the front and rear sections of the train are equipped with evacuation doors, and each car is connected, or when the side door of the vehicle is equipped with facilities for passengers to get down to the ballast bed, the longitudinal evacuation platform may not be provided. \x0d\4。 A longitudinal evacuation platform should be set in the tunnel. When the distance between communication channels is less than or equal to 300 meters, there is no need to set up a longitudinal evacuation platform. \x0d\ (4) Evacuation distance \x0d\ 1. The maximum evacuation distance from any point within the calculated length of the public area of the station hall and platform to the exit of the ladder or the exit of the evacuation passage should not be greater than 50m. \x0d\2。 When the door of the unattended station equipment and management room is located between two exits, the distance from the room door to the nearest exit should not be more than 40m, and when it is located at both sides or at the end of the bag-shaped walkway, the distance from the evacuation door to the nearest exit should not be more than 20m. \x0d\ (5) evacuation indication sign \x0d\ 1. In the public areas of platforms and stations, pedestrian stairs and their corners, escalators, evacuation passages and their corners, smoke-proof stairs, fire-fighting passages, evacuation walkways, equipment management area walkways, evacuation passages, safety exits of substations, etc., evacuation indication signs are set up. \x0d\2。 The evacuation indication sign at the exit of the evacuation passage should be of electric light source type, and should be set at the edge or upper part of the doorway, with its upper edge not less than 0.5m from the ceiling and its lower edge not less than 2m from the ground. \x0d\3。 Evacuation signs in public areas of platforms and station halls should be of electric light source type and should be set on cylinders or walls. The upper edge of the sign should not be greater than 1m from the ground, and the spacing should not be greater than 20m or the spacing between two spans. Evacuation signs should be set at corresponding positions under the suspended ceiling, and the lower edge should not be less than 2.2m from the ground. \x0d\4。 Evacuation indication signs set on both sides and corners of the evacuation passage shall be of electric light source type and set at corresponding positions on the wall. The distance between the upper edge of the sign and the ground should not be greater than 1m, and the spacing should not be greater than 20m. The spacing of evacuation signs set in the corner area of evacuation passage should not be greater than1m. Evacuation signs should be set at corresponding positions under the suspended ceiling, and the lower edge should not be less than 2.2m from the ground. The distance between evacuation signs set on the walkways in the equipment management area should not be greater than 10m. \x0d\5。 Light-storing evacuation signs should be added to the side of escalators and the facade of pedestrian stairs. \x0d\6。 The underground tunnel should be equipped with evacuation indication signs (centralized evacuation indication signs) that can control the direction, and should be set on the side wall of the evacuation platform, and should not occupy the width of the evacuation platform. The distance between them should not be greater than 15m, and the center of the sign is away from the evacuation platform1.5m ~1.9m.. \x0d\7。 At the opening of the communication passage in the underground section, an electric light source type evacuation indication sign with double-sided identification should be set perpendicular to the door, and its lower edge should not be less than 2m away from the evacuation platform. \x0d\ IV。 Fire-fighting facilities \x0d\ Subway fire-fighting facilities are mainly used for fire monitoring and alarm in public areas, platforms, equipment areas, underground tunnels, parking garages, control centers, etc., as well as automation in public areas, platforms, signal rooms, various power transformation and distribution stations, parking garages, control centers and other places and equipment rooms. \x0d\ At present, the main fire-fighting facilities in the subway include: automatic fire alarm system, indoor fire hydrant system, automatic sprinkler system, gas fire extinguishing system, mechanical air supply and exhaust system, emergency lighting, evacuation indication sign, emergency broadcast, disaster prevention communication and mobile fire extinguishing equipment. \x0d\ (1) Fire extinguishing facilities \x0d\ 1. Location of fire hydrant system \x0d\( 1). Underground stations, underground sections, floors with a volume of more than 5000m3 and elevated stations should be equipped with fire hydrant water supply systems. \x0d\(2) Setting standards. Two fire water inlet pipes should be introduced from urban water supply pipes to form circulating water supply. When the urban water supply pressure can't meet the water filling pressure requirements of the fire hydrant pipe network at the most unfavorable point indoors, the high-pressure pressure stabilizing device should be adopted. The water consumption of indoor fire hydrant in underground station is 20L/s, and that in underground section is10l/s; See Table 4-3-2 and Table 4-3-3 for the water consumption of indoor and outdoor fire hydrants in ground station and elevated station respectively. \x0d\ Table 4-3-2 Water consumption of outdoor fire hydrants at ground stations \x0d\ Building name volume v (m3) \ x0d \ 5000 50000 \ x0d \ Water consumption of outdoor fire hydrants at ground stations and elevated stations (L/S). Name and volume of building V(m3) Water consumption of fire hydrant (l/s) Number of water guns used at the same time (branches) Minimum flow of each riser (l/s) \ x0d \ 5000 < v ≤ 2500010265438 \ x0d \ 25000 < v ≤ 50000. Annular pipe network shall be provided with an above-ground fire hydrant at intervals not greater than 120m, and underground fire hydrants shall be provided in cold areas. \x0d\ The setting and water consumption standard of fire hydrant system of vehicles, facilities, comprehensive bases, control centers and buildings in the parking lot shall be implemented according to the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB 500 16). \x0d\2。 Installation location of automatic sprinkler system \x0d\( 1). Automatic sprinkler systems should be installed in public areas of underground stations and platforms, underground vehicle bases, flammable and flame-retardant elevated warehouses and high-rise warehouses in vehicle base warehouses. \x0d\(2) Setting standards. It shall comply with the current national standard Code for Design of Automatic Sprinkler Fire Extinguishing System (GB 50084). \x0d\3。 Location of gas fire extinguishing system \x0d\( 1). Gas fire extinguishing system should be used in important electrical rooms such as communication room, public network introduction room, signal room, environmental control electronic control room and underground substation. The gas fire extinguishing system is installed in the important equipment room of the control center. \x0d\(2) Setting standards. At present, IG54 1 mixed gas fire extinguishing system and heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing system are widely used in the built subway. The system form should be a combined and distributed total submerged gas fire extinguishing system. For the local protected objects that are difficult to choose the joint distribution system, the automatic fire extinguishing system without pipe network can be selected to match the protected objects. \x0d\4。 Location of fire extinguisher \x0d\( 1). Fire extinguishers should be installed in the public areas and equipment areas of the station hall floor and platform floor, as well as in the buildings of vehicle facilities, comprehensive bases and control centers. \x0d\(2) Setting standards. The configuration of station fire extinguishers shall comply with the Code for Design of Fire Extinguisher Configuration in Buildings (GB 50 140). \x0d\ (2) Smoke control system \x0d\ 1. Place \x0d\( 1) underground or enclosed public areas of station halls and platforms; \x0d\(2) Underground passages and entrance passages with continuous length greater than 60m, and internal walkways with distance greater than 20m from the equipment management door to the safety exit; \x0d\(3) The use area of underground station equipment and management rooms in the same fire zone exceeds 200_, or the area of single rooms where people often stay exceeds 50 _; \x0d\(4) Underground sections and fully enclosed lanes with continuous length greater than 300m; A fully enclosed passenger car dealer with a continuous length greater than 60 meters but less than or equal to 300 meters. \x0d\2。 The setting standards of smoke control and exhaust for ground auxiliary buildings such as vehicle depot, control center and main substation can be designed with reference to Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB 500 16) and related manuals. \x0d\( 1) Smoke control and exhaust. The smoke exhaust system of the interval tunnel should adopt longitudinal ventilation control mode to effectively control the direction of smoke flow, ensure that the evacuation side of the fire point is in a smoke-free area, and create an evacuation environment without smoke pollution for passengers. Generally, the ventilation airflow speed should be higher than 2m/s, but not higher than 1 1m/s, and it should also meet the requirement that the train can effectively control the flue gas countercurrent when it is on the slope, that is, it is higher than the critical wind speed. \x0d\ When the buried depth of the subway section is shallow and more vents can be opened at the top, the form of natural smoke exhaust can be considered. The spacing and opening area of natural smoke outlets should be determined by calculation to ensure that the smoke can be discharged from the derailment area in time without affecting the evacuation of passengers. \x0d\(2) Smoke control in the station. Natural smoke exhaust should be used in the above-ground station; When natural smoke exhaust conditions are not available, mechanical smoke exhaust facilities should be set up. The air distribution principle of fire in public areas of stations is to ensure that passengers can evacuate to safe areas quickly. Subway stations are generally relatively open spaces. The station communicates with the outdoor through large-area entrances and exits and wind wells. At the same time, the station platform is also connected with the tunnel at both ends. In recent years, the test of subway station also proves that the large area and interval air supply at the entrance and exit can meet the requirements. \x0d\ (3) Automatic fire alarm system \x0d\ 1. Location \x0d\ The subway fire automatic alarm system is located in the subway control center, stations, vehicle facilities and comprehensive bases, parking lots, main substations, inter-section tunnels and other places. \x0d\2。 Setting standard \x0d\ System setting shall comply with the provisions of Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System (GB50 1 16). Underground stations and tunnels are designed according to the first-class protection object of fire alarm; Ground stations and elevated stations with central air conditioning system on each floor or closed building area exceeding 2000 _ but not exceeding 3000 _ are designed as secondary protection objects for fire alarm; Vehicle facilities and comprehensive bases, office buildings in parking lots, large parking garages, maintenance garages, important material warehouses and other important rooms are designed according to the first-class protection object of fire alarm, while vehicle facilities and comprehensive bases, general production and office buildings in parking lots are designed according to the second-class protection object of fire alarm. \x0d\ (4) Fire fighting communication system \x0d\ 1. Location \x0d\ The train control room (and fire control room) of the station, the fire control duty room of the control center building, and the control room (and fire control room) of the signal building of the depot (parking lot) should be equipped with special fire-fighting telephone switchboard, and * * electric telephone switchboard or intercom equipment should be selected. \x0d\2。 Standard \x0d\ shall be set in the fire pump room, gas fire extinguishing steel cylinder room, environmental control electric control room, communication equipment room, signal equipment room, switch cabinet room, rectifier transformer room, public network lead-in room, screen door equipment room and other equipment rooms for gas fire fighting. It is suggested to set a fixed fire-fighting special telephone extension. \x0d\ Set telephone plugs at the manual fire alarm button and fire hydrant button. The telephone jack can be connected to the special telephone switchboard for fire fighting through * * * wires according to the area. \x0d\ (5) Fire power distribution \x0d\ 1. Load classification and power supply requirements \x0d\ Fire hydrant pump, spray pump, disaster alarm, communication, signal, equipment monitoring, gas fire extinguishing, fire shutter doors, screen doors, tunnel fans (including jet fans), exhaust/smoke exhaust fans and related fans in subway stations. \x0d\2。 Selection and laying method of cables (wires) \x0d\ The distribution line of fire-fighting electrical equipment shall meet the requirements of keeping the line intact and supplying power under the action of external fire. According to the risk of subway fire and the difficulty of evacuation and fighting, the selection and laying methods of wires and cables should meet the following requirements: \x0d\( 1) When selecting wires and cables, \x0d\(2) The power supply trunk line leading from the substation (or main distribution room) to the fire-fighting equipment should adopt halogen-free, low-smoke, flame-retardant and fire-resistant cables or mineral insulated cables; However, mineral insulated cables are used in underground stations. \x0d\(3) Fire-resistant cables can be used when cables are buried in pipes; When laying or laying along the support and bridge, use halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant and fire-resistant copper core cable, and lay or lay mineral insulated cable along the wall.