In order to design a building structure that meets the requirements, designers need to constantly improve their technical level, strengthen their sense of responsibility, find problems in the design in time and take effective measures to solve them, so as to ensure that the design of the building structure meets the requirements.
abstract:
Architectural structural design is very important to the construction and quality of buildings, which needs to be considered comprehensively and systematically. This paper analyzes the principles and problems existing in the design of building structure, and puts forward some countermeasures.
Key words:
Architecture; Structural design; Problems; Countermeasures
Modern society has higher and higher requirements for architecture, which requires not only the practicality and aesthetics of architecture, but also the diversification of architectural functions, making the architectural structure more and more complex and the design of architectural structure more and more difficult. In order to meet the needs of society, the construction industry needs to constantly improve the level of architectural structure design and design better schemes to meet the requirements of architecture. There will be some problems in the design of building structure, which will affect the design effect of building structure. Only by solving these problems can we design high-quality buildings.
1 design principles of building structures
The meaning of architectural structure design principle is an important standard and criterion that should be observed in the process of architectural design, and it is also the premise of designing high-quality buildings. Only by observing the principles of architectural structure design can we design a fully functional, safe and beautiful building.
The basic scheme of 1. 1 is reasonable.
Before architectural design, it is necessary to make a good architectural plan, and the architectural foundation plan is also the first step in architectural structure design. Many factors need to be considered when making the basic plan, such as the environment around the building, geological conditions, climatic conditions and so on. This plan should be made according to the actual needs of the building. The foundation scheme of building structure needs perfect construction geological investigation report as the basis, and the function of foundation should be given full play. The foundation will sometimes deform, so when making the building foundation plan, we should also consider this situation and make the corresponding plan. In addition, the design unit also needs to comprehensively analyze the load and superstructure of the building, and improve the basic scheme according to the analysis mechanism, so that the basic scheme becomes more suitable and is conducive to improving the design quality and economic benefits of the building.
1.2 accurate calculation chart
The design of calculation diagram is an important content in architectural design. In the design of building structure, it is necessary to analyze and calculate a large amount of data, and accurate calculation sketch is the foundation. The calculation based on calculation sketch is more accurate, and the designed building will be safer and firmer. Therefore, it is necessary to control the design quality of the calculation chart. The structural points of buildings are difficult to calculate. Designers should deeply study the structural joints of buildings in order to improve accuracy, control errors and ensure the quality of architectural structure design.
1.3 improvement of structural measures
The perfection of structural measures is also a principle that should be paid attention to in the process of building structure design. In the process of building construction, a large number of equipment and materials will be used, and the nature and structure of these equipment and materials will have a certain impact on the building. Therefore, when designing infrastructure, measures should be taken to make the building more perfect. For example, in architectural design, the influence of ductility and temperature of structural members on buildings should be considered. In addition, designers should also pay attention to the weak links in the building and take measures to improve the building structure according to the corresponding situation. The measures taken should also follow certain principles, that is, strong shear and weak bending, strong compression and weak tension, strong columns and weak beams, and improve building structural measures to ensure the normal play of building functions and the safety of buildings.
2 problems in the design of building structure
In the design of all kinds of projects, there will be unplanned situations, as well as the design of building structures, which will inevitably lead to various problems. Some of these situations are caused by human factors, and some are caused by objective non-human factors. These unexpected situations will hinder designers' design ideas and have a certain impact on the construction progress and quality of building projects. In the design of building structure, there are usually problems such as basement design, drawing design, concrete floor slab and building site selection.
2. 1 design drawings
Drawings are very important for the design of building projects, and the construction of building projects is also carried out according to drawings. It can be said that the design quality of drawings directly affects the quality of buildings. In the construction stage of building engineering, the construction should be carried out according to the description of the drawings, and the specific construction procedures and tasks should be carried out according to the design drawings. The fineness of drawings also determines the construction quality of buildings. But many times, the construction unit does not attach importance to the drawing design, and is not strict with the drawing design. Sometimes, in order to save time, the design of drawings is regarded as a form, which does not play a good guiding role in the construction of buildings and will also affect the quality of buildings. The design of architectural drawings should be scientific and reasonable, and the key structures should be carefully marked or analyzed, such as seismic indicators, wall materials, stiffness of supporting frames, etc. These data and information related to the function and quality of the building should be specially explained for the convenience of the construction personnel. Many construction units do not meet the requirements in drawing design, such as the standard atlas is not used in the plane reinforcement drawing of floor beams, columns and walls, the number of beams and columns is unclear, and the structural floors are unclear. These irregular lines will bring difficulties to building construction, lead to wrong construction, affect building quality and even lead to safety accidents.
2.2 basement design issues
The foundation is very important to the stability of the building, and the basement is connected with the foundation, so the structural design of the basement is also very important, which will also affect the overall stability of the building. The design requirements of the basement are very strict, and many factors need to be considered, such as the thickness of the wall, the strength of concrete, and the waterproof performance of materials. These aspects should meet the requirements of basement design and be designed according to certain standards. Many times, the design of the basement has not attracted the attention of its construction unit. For example, the measurement of groundwater level and vertical bearing capacity are rarely scientifically measured and designed. In this case, blind construction will lay a great hidden danger to the building, which is prone to water seepage or unstable foundation, and even lead to the collapse of the building.
2.3 concrete construction problems
Concrete is the most widely used material in building engineering, and it is also the most used material. Concrete construction runs through the whole building project, so concrete construction is also a problem that needs attention in building structure design, such as the pouring of concrete floor, and the quality of floor is the key point in building engineering. If the quality of concrete floor slab is not up to standard during construction, there will be many problems such as concrete drying shrinkage and cracking, negative reinforcement of bearing falling down and so on. Among them, the phenomenon of drying shrinkage and cracking of concrete is due to the great change of temperature difference, which makes concrete expand when it is hot and contract when it is cold. However, the negative reinforcement of the bearing is caused by the technical error of the construction personnel. The construction of concrete is directly related to the safety of buildings, so special attention should be paid in the design of building structures.
2.4 Building site selection issues
The location of the building is an important condition to be considered in the design of the building structure. The choice of building address directly affects the later construction and the quality of the building. The structural design of buildings should also be based on the location of buildings, and the structural design of buildings should be carried out according to the location of buildings. Before architectural design, we must first fully understand the location of the building. If there is a problem with site selection, even if the building structure is well designed, it will not change the overall quality of the building and the safety of the building will be reduced. Therefore, when choosing a site, we should scientifically, reasonably and fully consider the influence of the building location on the building quality and the influence of the surrounding environment on the building, such as the solid foundation of building site selection, the environment meeting the requirements and the normal realization of the building function.
3 Countermeasures for related problems in building structure design
3. 1 Prepare for the architectural structure design.
Errors will occur in any design process, and so will architectural engineering design. Design needs to be revised frequently, and many mistakes are caused by inadequate preparation. Therefore, preparations should be made before architectural design to lay a good foundation for the formal design stage. When the design needs to be modified, there can be some room for adjustment. Usually, the design needs to be modeled and calculated before the formal design work begins. Some problems are easy to appear in the design of building structure. These problems can be predicted and estimated by computer, mainly including the inclination angle, vertical load and horizontal load of the building structure. If problems are found, they should be marked and revised in time. In formal structural design, we should pay special attention to these mistakes to avoid their occurrence. Perfect construction preparation can ensure the construction quality of later construction projects, make the construction simpler and more efficient, and also ensure the construction quality.
3.2 Optimize the design of building structure
There are two necessary preconditions for architectural design and structural design: ① the building quality should meet the requirements; ② The construction cost should be controlled within a certain range. The design of high-quality building institutions needs to meet these two conditions, that is, to minimize the project investment while meeting the quality requirements. To achieve this, it is necessary to optimize the architectural structure design. For example, test the compressive strength of the base and check the stability of the supporting frame. , and strictly follow the design principles, use good performance building materials, adopt advanced technology to design the building structure, reduce unnecessary structural design and use of materials, save space and materials, thus saving costs and ensuring the normal function of the structure.
3.3 Accurate design parameters
There are many symbols and terms in architectural engineering. Some symbols are prone to visual errors or confusion of technical terms. Once the parameter data is wrong, it will bring great errors to the structural design of the building and also affect the construction and quality of the building. Therefore, in architectural design, there are uncertain contents to be inquired in time. If relevant parameters need to be modified or adjusted, the overall structural parameters need to be considered to ensure that they do not conflict with the overall structural parameters. In addition, the setting of parameters must have a certain range of constraints to be effective, and the smaller the range, the more conducive to the accuracy of construction.
3.4 Strengthen the communication building structure
Designers mainly communicate with investors and contractors before designing building structures. For example, the type of building structure, the specific requirements of construction, project investment, etc. These aspects need a lot of people to discuss and finally reach an agreement. This will help designers to fully understand the various requirements of the building, and finally determine the basic construction scheme and the main ideas of architectural structure design.
4 conclusion
Through the analysis, we can see that there are some problems in the design of building institutions, such as drawing design, basement design and building site selection. These problems are often encountered in building structural design. The general solutions are to improve structural measures, make preparations, optimize building structure and strengthen communication. In order to design a building structure that meets the requirements, designers need to constantly improve their technical level, strengthen their sense of responsibility, find problems in the design in time and take effective measures to solve them, so as to ensure that the design of the building structure meets the requirements.
References:
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[2] Yang Ye, Yue Wenping,. Safety analysis and countermeasure analysis of architectural structure design [J]. Housing and real estate, 20 16, (3):86+9 1.
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