The so-called "psychological supervision" is to give professional guidance to the professional process of psychological counselors and psychotherapists who have been engaged in psychological counseling for a long time.
Psychological supervision is a working mode to help people engaged in psychology-related occupations improve their working ability and psychological quality. It refers to the process that learners complete psychological work and improve their professional level with the guidance and help of experienced instructors; Psychological supervision is also a learning process for colleagues in the psychological industry to share clinical knowledge, clarify their thinking and improve their skills. Because clinical supervision is the most complicated part of all activities related to psychological work, and the most general purpose of supervision is to link science with practice, clinical supervision should not only have relevant knowledge of psychology, but also have considerable practical ability and operational skills.
The history of supervision
According to Freud, every analyst must be analyzed by himself, and training analysis has become a compulsory course for psychoanalysts. At that time, the training analysis actually included what is now called personal analysis and supervision, which was completed by an analyst. Because of the different emphases of clinical supervision and personal analysis, the training analysis at that time became more and more difficult, so the content of clinical supervision was separated from the training analysis and gradually formed the present form: personal analysis and supervision, which were completed by two different analysts respectively.
Types of psychological supervision
First, according to the relationship between supervisors and consultants, they can be divided into two categories, one is the superior supervisor and the other is the supervisor at the same level. The former is the supervision of different levels of consultants between high-level supervisors and low-level consultants; The latter is the supervision between peers and peers.
Two, according to the schedule, can be divided into two categories, one is full-time supervision, one is temporary supervision. The former is continuous, lasting and regular systematic supervision; The latter is short-term, targeted and intermittent supervision. Usually, consultants can make choices according to their different needs.
Third, supervision can be divided into three forms according to the way in which the supervised and supervised participate: personal supervision, usually one-on-one supervision between a supervisor and a student; Group supervision refers to the supervision of a group of students by a supervisor; Informal supervision is usually a process of supervision between experienced therapists, compared with regular supervision between teachers and students with systematic settings. Its purpose is to discuss special cases or difficult cases; Share experience, exchange information and update knowledge. In group supervision, the competition between peers is a unique incentive problem, and it is also a problem that groups must solve.
The focus of psychological counseling
There are two views on the focus of supervision:
Traditional view: supervision mainly points out students' mistakes in treatment and shows correct psychoanalytic skills. Pay attention to students' subconscious reaction to patients' problems during treatment. Current view: the focus of supervision is not to explore the subconscious motivation of students' problems, but to help students perceive their own problems. As for solving problems, students should do it through self-analysis or personal analysis.
Scope of psychological supervision
Strictly speaking, the object of clinical psychological supervision is all people, including people of all ages, situations and psychological qualities and levels. According to the above definition, the scope of clinical psychological supervision includes correcting people with mental illness and psychological disorder, regulating people with psychological problems and psychological abnormalities, and encouraging, cultivating and promoting normal people without psychological problems. Therefore, the object of psychological supervision includes two kinds of people with abnormal psychology and normal psychology, in fact, the whole population.
The role of clinical psychological supervision in professional norms is at least as long as the oldest profession of medicine. In addition, educators and supervisors have always been respected in society, as the famous Hippocratic oath said:
I swear to Apollo, the sun god, Escola Pioz, the medical god, health and all the gods that I will do my best and judge, I will keep my oath, treat those who ask me for help as my parents, I will share my things with them, and I will help him reduce the burden of poverty when necessary; Take his descendants as my brothers and sisters ... (Hippocrates, about 400 BC).