1519 died near Amboise, France on May 2nd. /kloc-At the age of 0/5, Leonardo da Vinci began to study in the workshop of the painter verrocchio. 1472 Join the Painters' Guild. In the middle of 65438+70' s, personal painting style gradually matured. From 1482 to 1499, he lived in France and engaged in other artistic and scientific activities besides serving the Duke of Milan. During this period, his paintings were not many, but The Virgin in the Rock and The Last Supper were his masterpieces. 1500 Travel to mantua and Venice. 1506, he returned to Florence to create the Madonna and Santa Anna and the Mona Lisa, and began to paint murals for the city hall. 1507 went to Milan again and served in the French court. 15 13 moved to Rome, 15 16 went to France and finally settled in Amboise. In his later years, he seldom painted, devoted himself to scientific research, and left a lot of notes and manuscripts after his death, covering almost everything from physics, mathematics to biological anatomy. Few paintings have been completed in his life, but they are all immortal. His works have obvious personal style and are good at combining artistic creation with scientific discussion, which is unique in the history of world art. Academics generally divide his creative activities into two stages: early stage and prosperous stage.
Early creation
When he studied art in verrocchio's studio, he showed an extraordinary talent for painting. About 1470 When he assisted verrocchio in drawing a picture of Christ's baptism, although he only drew an angel standing beside Christ, his manner, expression and gentle tone obviously surpassed that of verrocchio. There is no innovation in the composition of his earliest work "Informing Pregnancy", but the description of the background landscape pays attention to the expression of air atmosphere. This shows that he devoted himself to solving the dialectical relationship between realism and typical processing from the beginning. Later, The Portrait of Ginef La Debenheim, contrary to the tradition of 65,438+05 century art pursuing clear lines, rendered the perspective effect he advocated with the tone of backlit sunset. 148 1 The Doctor Comes to Worship (also translated as Three Kings Comes to Worship) marks the maturity of its artistic style.
Prosperous creation
1482, Leonardo da Vinci came to Milan, and at the invitation of Sanfrancesco Church, he painted the altar painting "Madonna of the Rock". Although this work in Paris is still a traditional theme, the depiction of characters, the profound description of caves and the realistic description of flowers and plants among rocks prove that his smoky brushwork has made it a new height in fax realism and artistic treatment. The Last Supper is the most famous work of his period. This wet mural shows the farewell scene of Christ to his disciples before his arrest. It was painted in the dining room of the monastery of Santa Maria Derlager Hin in Milan. The ingenious composition and layout of the commercial camp make the hall on the screen closely connected with the building structure of the restaurant in life, making the viewer feel that the scene in the painting seems to happen right in front of him. When Leonardo da Vinci returned to Florence, with the restoration of the harmonious system, the cultural atmosphere was once active, and outstanding figures such as Michelangelo and Raphael appeared in the painting world. He showed the public a well-conceived sketch of the Virgin and Santa Anna, which immediately caused a sensation. Its composition principle and painting method have a great influence on the art world, and Michelangelo and Raphael are also inspired by it. /kloc-in 0/503, he began to paint murals for the conference hall of the city hall (because he went to Milan again, he never finished painting), and at the same time he created Mona Lisa, The Virgin and Santa Anna. These are two works that he cherishes very much, and he always carries them with him. He emigrated to France in his later years and stayed in Paris.
In Leonardo da Vinci's artistic heritage, a large number of sketches are also worthy of attention. These sketches, like his official works, have reached a high level and are regarded as models of sketch art, which are characterized by meticulous observation, rigid and flexible lines, and especially good at expressing subtle changes of light and shadow with oblique lines of different densities. Every work of his is based on sketches. His artistic theory is scattered in more than 5,000 notes and his unfinished painting theory, which is also a great achievement in the study of agency theory in the Renaissance.
1April 452 15, Cel pierrot Da Vinci and Katrina were born in Wenxi Village, a suburb of Florence.
/kloc-entered the studio of Verrocchio in 0/465 and became an introductory disciple (13 ~ 14 years old).
1473, he created the "sacred proclamation"
1476, he was accused of having same-sex love with other disciples of Vero Joe. Because he denied it, he was finally released (24 years old).
1482 painting "pilgrimage to the three sages" and returning to Milan (30 years old)
1483 was accepted by San Francisco, and the cathedral ordered the Madonna on the rock (3 1 year old).
1495 began to draw the last supper (43 years old).
1502 ~ 03 returned to Florence and began to paint the Mona Lisa (50 years old).
15 16 went to Amboise, France (64 years old) at the invitation of the French king.
1565438+May 2009
Second, "I would rather fail in the exploration"
He once painted a giant mural comparable to The Last Supper, but it was destroyed at the last minute because of a low-level mistake.
He looked forward to flapping his wings like a bird, but his dream of flying was dashed in an instant. He wanted to carve the world's largest bronze horse statue with flying forepaws, but two years later he had to change it to a walking posture because of the difficulty in casting.
Leonardo da vinci, who was called "the giant among giants" by Engels during the Renaissance, made remarkable achievements in many fields of human knowledge. At the same time, with him, there are little-known bitterness, suffering and failure. However, he would rather fail in the exploration than live a happy life without any intention. He has been practicing this philosophy of life all his life.
When painting the giant mural Battle of Angalli, which can be compared with The Last Supper, he personally developed a new pigment and coated it with oil. Murals have stood on the wall with great momentum and vividness, but the paint on the wall has not dried thoroughly. He couldn't wait to test the outer coating he made, so he asked his assistant to move two large braziers and bake them under the murals, and the oil was baked. He ruined eight months' hard work with two braziers.
Shortly after the mural turned into a colorful stream, he started the test flight with indifference. 5 1 year-old Leonardo da Vinci moved his homemade giant bird to the top of the mountain like a fanatical teenager. The little apprentice grabbed the wooden frame of the giant bird and flew down the mountain, and soon fell down. This kind of aircraft is driven by the muscles of arms and legs, but it ignores the weight problem that the human body can't overcome: the muscles used by birds to fly account for half of the whole body weight, while humans only have one fifth. But if the failure of his flight exploration is too demanding, it is tantamount to blaming Franklin, who used kites to attract lightning, for not inventing the electric light. At that time, church thought dominated all the ideas in the world. For example, almost everyone believes that the earth is flat, and the ocean near the equator must be as hot as boiling water.
He was appointed as a court architect and carved the world's largest bronze statue of a knight, in which the horse's front hoof was thought to jump in the air. He used wax models to test countless times, and stumps with a thickness of more than ten centimeters piled up on the shed floor. The most difficult thing is that 10 ton metal solution must be injected into the mold quickly, and the problem of uneven cooling should be considered. The technical conditions at that time obviously could not support this idea. When the two-year deadline came, he couldn't get the horse to stand up, so he had to walk. After his death 100, the Spanish continued to try this technique, and then built a monument for the knight on horseback.
The inspiration of whimsy can make him catch what others can't, but he often gives up halfway. Perhaps he had to stop his work from time to time in pursuit of the idea of flying forever. At that time, the wool textile industry in Italy was very developed, and knitting needles were the most easily worn in the textile workshop. He drew various machines for grinding needles in his notebook. After repeated comparisons, he finally chose the most ideal one. But he immediately had the idea of a loom, and then he was immersed in the invention and design of looms and ball bearing machines. Unfortunately, these design drawings were just lying on the draft paper, and eventually they did not become machines. He turned to other research.
Most of leonardo da vinci's works and manuscripts were not published until many years after his death. Dampier, a historian of science, commented: "If he publishes his works, science will jump to the situation a hundred years later."
Da Vinci, an outstanding genius, left a wealth full of wisdom to future generations. His predictive ability and insatiable spirit of exploration are still amazing after centuries.
Third, "what hinders me is the lack of time"
He has endless dreams like a god, but only mortal life and strength; He conceived thousands of plans, but only completed a few; His greatest ambition is to discover everything, study everything and create everything, but only the art of lines and colors brings him eternal praise.
Leonardo da vinci's life is an endless road, which is full of chapters and pages of unfinished works. He said: "I have never been hindered by greed or laziness. What hinders me is the lack of time. " He wants to be an engineer, strategist, musician, mathematician, philosopher and architect, but the world thinks he is just a painter who paints eternal smiles.
Leonardo da Vinci worked for the Duke of Milan for seventeen years, as a military engineer, architect, painter, sculptor and musician. He was the most popular court emcee at that time, responsible for organizing court festivals and celebrations, and independently played a variety of roles equivalent to the general director, host, screenwriter, composer, costume designer, choreographer and so on of CCTV Spring Festival Evening.
From the 12 paintings and more than 7,000 pages of manuscripts and design drawings left to future generations, it can be seen that Leonardo da Vinci was much more interested in science than painting. His achievements in scientific research are no less than his artistic achievements.
In astronomy, he observed celestial bodies and came to the conclusion that "the sun does not move". Before Copernicus, he denied the geocentric theory and fantasized about how to use solar energy. He thinks that the moon itself does not shine, but only reflects the brightness of the sun.
In physics, he discovered the liquid pressure, put forward the concept of connecting device, developed the lever principle, and deduced the relationship between the acting force and the arm length. His description of the inertia of objects was later confirmed by Galileo's experiments. He also denied the possibility of creating perpetual motion machines.
Leonardo da Vinci was fascinated by anatomy and physiology. At first, he studied anatomy to make artistic modeling more accurate, but later it developed into an independent scientific research field. His greatest contribution to anatomy is to create a set of charts, which are still widely used today.