Introduction to 0
Decorative facing engineering is the main part of indoor and outdoor decoration, which is a decorative layer formed by installing or pasting plates made of natural stone materials such as marble and granite, or ceramic products such as tiles and tiles on the wall through structural connection. Combined with many years' experience in decoration work, this paper talks about the common decorative facing projects, that is, plastering facing, coating facing, facing, coil facing, plate facing and other construction technologies.
1 plastering finish
Plastering is divided into general plastering and decorative plastering. General plastering is the basis of facing decoration and plays the role of leveling the wall. Decorative plastering requires more decorative treatment of general plastering surface than general plastering engineering. Commonly used decorative plastering includes napping plastering and artificial brick.
1. 1 Use 8 mm thick mortar to nap and plaster on the base, and then use brown brush or iron plate to beat vertically to form a uniform nap surface. Lime plaster with cement content of 20%-50% is added into the fluff. Adding proper amount of sand or paper reinforcement can reduce cracking. If white cement is mixed with mineral pigments, it will be colored and brushed.
1.2 False ceramic tile False ceramic tile, also called imitation glazed tile, is a decorative plastering surface painted with colored mortar and equivalent to the block form and texture of the external wall.
1.2. 1 color mortar ratio See the table below for the reference mixture ratio of color mortar used to paste fake bricks. Generally, khaki, light yellow or brown are the main colors.
1.2.2 construction method: water the middle plastering surface first, and then brush the colored cement lime mortar. The pigment content depends on the color of the tile, and the thickness of the mortar is 3 mm-4 mm After the surface mortar is drained, stripes are drawn on the surface along the vertical direction with an iron comb or an iron roller, and the stripe depth is1mm. On the surface, a horizontal line will pop up according to the width of the brick, compare the elastic line with the guiding rule, and draw a seam on the surface with an iron plane or iron hook along the guiding rule. The depth of the seam will be subject to exposing the middle mortar surface. After the joint of the block is scraped, remove the floating sand with a brush. This method has clear texture and smooth surface, just like a brick, and has a good decorative effect. Decorative plastering requires strong integrity. Once there is a problem, it is very difficult to rework or deal with it. It must be constructed according to the procedure to ensure one-time completion.
2 paint finish
Paint facing refers to the use of various paints on the surface of the base to form a complete and solid film layer, which plays a role in protecting the wall and beauty, and is the simplest form of facing decoration.
2. 1 Classification of indoor decorative coatings At present, there are the following indoor decorative coatings: ① Low-grade water-soluble paint, which is made by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water and adding additives such as pigments. In order to improve its performance and reduce its cost, many measures have been taken. The main products are 106 and 107803 interior wall coatings. This kind of coating has the advantages of low price, non-toxicity and convenient construction. But the disadvantage is poor durability and easy yellowing and discoloration. (2) Latex paint is a kind of latex paint with water as the medium, aqueous solution of acrylate, styrene-acrylic polymer and vinyl acetate polymer as the film-forming substance, and various auxiliary components are added. The film-forming substance is insoluble in water, and the water resistance and weather resistance of the film are greatly improved compared with the first one, leaving no trace after wet scrubbing, and there are different decorative types such as flat light and high light. Latex paint is characterized by strong hiding power, soft and lasting color and easy construction and cleaning. (3) Multicolored paint, the film-forming substance of which is nitrocellulose, is dispersed in the water phase in the form of oil in water, and various color patterns can be formed by spraying once. (4) Imitation porcelain paint is exquisite, smooth and elegant in decorative effect, and its price is not high, but its construction technology is complicated and its wet rubbing resistance is poor.
2.2 Coating Construction Method Latex paint accounts for a large proportion in interior wall coatings, and the construction methods of roller coating and brush coating are usually adopted.
2.2. 1 before the construction of latex paint, the wall surface must be well handled, otherwise serious problems such as peeling, cracking and foaming will occur after the latex paint is painted. At present, many people still use 82 1 putty in construction. In fact, 82 1 putty is very water-resistant. When there is water on the wall, 82 1 putty will absorb water and foam, which will cause latex paint to foam and fall off in a large area. Moreover, the better the performance of latex paint, the better the film-forming property and the more serious the problem. Therefore, when using latex paint, the above problems can be avoided by first sealing the wall with the back cover and then using water-resistant putty.
2.2.2 Emulsioni paint should be mixed evenly during construction, especially when brightly colored products are used. If the mixing is uneven, the dispersion of the color paste in the coating is unstable or the color paste will precipitate after long-term storage. At this time, the construction will cause the decorative surface to flood, which will seriously affect the decorative effect.
In addition, whether and how much water can be added to latex paint construction must be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the manufacturer. Because some manufacturers have fully considered the various needs of users when designing and developing latex paint, they have designed a variety of formulas. Some latex paints do not need to be added with water during construction, but adding water destroys various properties of latex paints.
Pay attention to brush coating, roller coating and spraying during construction. Both methods can achieve the expected effect, but the viscosity of latex paint needs to be adjusted, so that it is easy to brush during construction, and there is no obvious brush mark after brushing. If the viscosity is too high, the brush marks will be obvious, and if the viscosity is too low, it will easily lead to the disadvantages of slag flow and poor hiding power.
2.2.3 After the construction is completed, the tools should be washed with water in time, otherwise it is difficult to clean the latex paint after drying due to the water resistance of the paint film.
3 veneer
Veneering refers to the decorative practice of using various natural stone materials, wood-based panels and blocks to adhere, hang or directly paste on the surface of the grassroots. This kind of decoration has the advantages of good durability, convenient construction, strong decoration, high quality and easy cleaning. Commonly used decorative materials include ceramic tiles, mosaics, axe stones, aluminum-plastic panels, granite panels, marble panels, etc.
3. 1 basic process flow of decorative surface decoration and ceramic tile: cleaning at the grass-roots level, plastering the primer once, selecting bricks once, soaking and arranging bricks once, stringing once, pasting standard points once, plastering bricks once, jointing once, plastering once and cleaning once.
3.2 Construction method ① When handling at the grass-roots level, all kinds of dirt on the wall should be cleaned up, and the grass-roots level must be cleaned up without floating soil and floating ash, and watered and wetted one day in advance. The concrete wall surface should be chiseled away from the protruding part, and the grassroots should be chiseled away from the floating ash. Or use 107 glue cement mortar to nap. After the primer is painted, when the bottom layer is 6-7% dry, bricklaying and elastic thread are carried out. (2) Before formal pasting, the standard points must be pasted to control the flatness of the pasting surface. In the process of operation, the smoothness should be checked with a guide rule at any time. If it is uneven or not straight, remove the heavy glue. (3) The ceramic tile must be soaked in clear water for more than two hours before pasting, and it shall be subject to the fact that the brick body does not bubble, and then it shall be taken out and dried for later use. (4) When gluing, pipes, lamps and lanterns switches, toilet equipment accessories, etc. Must be cut and matched with the whole brick group. ⑤ Wipe the surface with cotton silk after pasting, and then wipe the seam with white cement slurry.
Step 4 paste the veneer
Paper paste is a method of pasting various decorative wallpaper, wall covering and other coiled materials on the wall, among which wallpaper is the most commonly used. There are many kinds of wallpaper. There are various classification methods, which can be divided into plastic wallpaper, fabric wallpaper, natural material wallpaper and paper-based wallpaper according to the materials used. Plastic wallpaper is cheap, which is the fastest-growing and most widely used wallpaper at present. Construction method: Generally, wallpaper can be pasted on a flat and clean wall, and manufacturers often indicate which glue to use. The wall to be pasted should be fully oiled and the thickness should be even, so as to avoid that the water absorption at the grass-roots level is too fast, which will cause the adhesive to dehydrate too fast and affect the wallpaper pasting effect. After the oil stain is cleaned and dried, aluminum vertical lines are hung, and horizontal and vertical lines are drawn on the wall as the benchmark for pasting wallpaper. Then cut the wallpaper according to the wall, and the cutting size should be reserved up and down the wall, with 5 cm at each end. The wallpaper should be brushed with clear water before gluing to make it fully absorb moisture and stretch. When gluing, both walls and wallpaper should be glued. When the wallpaper is on the wall, it should be vertical first, then patterned and smoothed with auxiliary boards. After pasting, if there are empty pockets or bubbles, you can inject air, then squeeze it into the glue with an injection needle and compact it with a scraper.
5 board finish
Nailing refers to the use of natural slats or various artificial plates, with the help of nails, adhesives and other fixed ways for decoration. Among them, the board veneer is firm in texture, warm to the touch and rich in texture, which is an ideal material for indoor wall decoration. Due to the shortage of wood resources, solid wood boards are rarely used. At present, there are various wood-based panels, plastic veneers and micro-veneers. Plate wall decoration can be divided into two forms. One is to nail the wooden keel for the wall. The keel is made of battens with a cross-sectional size of 50mmX25mm, and the spacing between wooden keels is 450 mm. If the surface slab is laid vertically, the keel is set horizontally, the surface slab is horizontal and the keel is vertical. Of course, it would be better if the keel could be directly nailed to the wall with steel nails. If you can't book it, you should make a hole in the wall according to the keel spacing, fix the wooden brick with cement mortar and nail the keel on the wooden brick. The other is to directly stick the veneer with adhesive.
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