1. Measures to prevent crane accidents
(1) The traveling road of the crane must be flat and solid, and the underground foundation pit and soft soil layer should be treated. When necessary, it is necessary to lay track wood or subgrade box. The crane shall not stop working on the slope. When the crane passes through the wall foundation or ground beam, paving blocks or stones should be made on both sides of the wall foundation to prevent the crane from rolling directly on the wall foundation or ground beam.
(2) Overload hoisting should be avoided as much as possible. When it is unavoidable in some special circumstances, measures should be taken, such as pulling a cable wind rope on the boom or adding a counterweight at its tail. When the crane is unloaded without load or after adding counterweight, the boom must be lowered within 60 degrees from the horizontal. The operation should be done slowly.
(3) It is forbidden to hang obliquely. The oblique crane mentioned here means that the weight to be hoisted is not directly below the top of the boom, so when the sling binding the weight is hung on the hook, the hook pulley block is not perpendicular to the ground, but at an angle with the horizontal line. Inclined crane will cause overload and wire rope out of the groove, and even cause rope breakage. The inclined crane will also make the heavy objects swing quickly after leaving the ground, which may hurt people or other objects.
(4) The crane should avoid walking with load. If you need to walk with load for a short distance, the load shall not exceed 70% of the allowable lifting weight, and the component shall not exceed 50 cm from the ground. Turn the assembly to the front, pull the rope and control the swing of the assembly.
(5) When lifting with two cranes, the load should be distributed reasonably according to the lifting capacity of the cranes, and the load of each crane should not exceed 80% of its allowable load, and the operation should be under unified command and close cooperation. During the whole lifting process, the hook pulley block of the two cranes should be basically vertical.
(6) The slings of binding components shall be calculated, and the binding method shall be correct and reliable. All lifting tools should be inspected regularly.
(7) Don't lift important parts or equipment with unknown weight.
(8) It is strictly prohibited to carry out lifting operation under the condition of six-level wind. For the standards and marks of wind grades, please refer to chapter 1 "Meteorology": Wind Grade Table in this manual.
(9) The lifting commander must hold relevant certificates and work closely with the crane driver to carry out the specified command signals. The driver should obey the command. When the signal is unclear or wrong, the driver can refuse to carry it out.
(10) It is forbidden to lift heavy objects and hang them in the air for a long time. In case of sudden failure during operation, measures should be taken to land the heavy objects in a safe place and repair them after turning off the engine or cutting off the power supply. In case of sudden power failure, all controllers should be set to zero immediately, the main switch of power supply should be turned off, and measures should be taken to make heavy objects fall to the ground.
(1 1) Repair welding is strictly prohibited for the hooks and rings of the crane. When the surface of the shackle is cracked, seriously worn or the dangerous section is permanently deformed, it should be replaced.
2. Measures to prevent falling from a height
(1) When working at height, the operator must use the safety belt correctly. Seat belts should generally be hung high and used low, that is, the shackle at the rope end of the seat belt should be hung high, and people should operate at a low place.
(2) When using a crowbar at a height, people should stand firmly. If there are scaffolding or installed components nearby, you should hold them with one hand and operate them with the other. The penetration depth of crowbar should be appropriate. If the pry distance is large, it should be pried up gradually, and it is not advisable to rush for success.
(3) When working at heights in rainy and snowy days, reliable anti-skid, cold-proof and anti-freezing measures must be taken. Water, ice, frost and snow on the job site and parts shall be removed in time.
Lightning protection facilities should be set up in advance for high-rise building operations. In case of severe weather such as strong winds and dense fog above level 6, it is not allowed to engage in open-air high-altitude lifting operations. After snowstorm and typhoon rainstorm, the safety facilities for working at heights should be checked one by one. If it is found to be loose, deformed, damaged or falling off, it should be repaired immediately.
(4) The ladder must be firm. The bottom of the ladder foot should be solid and not allowed to be used. The upper end of the ladder should be fixed. The working angle of the vertical ladder should be 75 5, the pedal spacing should be 30cm, and there should be no gap.
(5) When the ladder needs to be extended for use; There must be reliable connection measures, and the number of joints shall not exceed 1. The strength of the ladder beam after connection should not be lower than that of a single ladder beam.
(6) The fixed straight ladder shall be made of metal material. The width of the ladder should not be greater than 50cm, the support should be not less than L70×6 angle steel, and the embedding and welding must be firm. The pedal at the top of the ladder should be flush with the climbing top surface, and the handrail with the height of 1~ 1.5m should be added.
(7) When the operator passes on the scaffold board, he should concentrate his thoughts to prevent stepping on the scaffold board.
(8) When installing a floor or roof board with reserved holes, it should be covered with boards in time, or protective railings, safety nets and other anti-falling measures should be set up in time.
(9) The elevator wellhead must be provided with protective railings or fixed gates; Every two floors of the elevator shaft shall be provided with a safety net at most every 10m.
(10) When installing roof truss and beam members, a firm and reliable operation console must be set. When the beam is walking, a guardrail or rope should be set.
3. Measures to prevent falling objects from hurting people.
(1) Ground operators must wear safety helmets.
(2) The tools and spare parts used by workers at heights should be put in the tool bag they carry with them, and they should not be thrown down at will.
(3) When cutting by gas cutting or electric welding at high places, measures should be taken to prevent sparks from falling and hurting people.
(4) Ground operators should try to avoid staying or passing directly under the aerial work surface, or staying or passing under the boom or suspended components.
(5) After the components are installed, the connection quality must be checked. Only when the connection is really safe and reliable can the hook be loosened or the temporary fixing tool be removed.
(6) Set the hoisting restricted area, and prohibit personnel irrelevant to hoisting operation from entering.
4. Measures to prevent electric shock
(1) In the construction organization design of hoisting engineering, there must be a general plan of the location of electrical lines and equipment. On-site electrical wiring and equipment should be installed, maintained and managed by special personnel, and it is strictly forbidden for non-electricians to dismantle and change at will.
(2) Bare wires shall not be used for low-voltage lines erected on the construction site. The erected high-voltage line shall be 0/0m away from the building and 7m away from the ground. When crossing the main road, safety protection devices must be installed. The height of night lighting, wires and lamps at the construction site shall not be less than 2.5m
(3) Cranes shall not work near overhead transmission lines. The safe distance between any part of the crane and the overhead transmission line shall not be less than that specified in Table 14-85.
(4) When transporting components, the clear distance between components or vehicles and high-voltage lines shall not be less than 2m, and the clear distance between components and low-voltage lines shall not be less than1m; Otherwise, power failure or other measures to ensure safety should be taken.
(5) All kinds of wire connectors and switches on site should be put into the switch box and locked after use. In case of power failure, you must pull the switch.
(6) The length of the power cord of the welding machine shall not exceed 5m, and it must be mounted high. When working with alternating current, the normal voltage of the welding machine handle wire is 60 ~ 80 V. Handle line requires good quality. If there is any broken skin, it must be wrapped tightly with tape in time. The shell of electric welding machine should be grounded. If the welding wire crosses the wire rope, insulation and isolation measures should be taken.
(7) When tower cranes or other long-arm cranes are used, lightning protection and electric shock prevention facilities shall be provided.
(8) All kinds of electrical machinery must have good grounding or zero connection. The grounding wire shall be multi-stranded soft bare copper wire with a cross section of not less than 25mm, and equipped with special wire clamps. Do not use winding method for grounding and zero connection. The same power supply network shall not be grounded or connected to zero. Hand-held power tools must be equipped with leakage protection devices. The voltage of the traveling lamp shall not exceed 36V.
(9) Workers working in rainy days or wet places should wear insulating gloves and shoes. After the snowstorm, it is necessary to check the power supply lines to prevent electric shock accidents caused by broken wires.
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