Question 2: Who is Xu Xiake? Xu Xiake (1587 65438+1October 5-16465438+March 8) was born in Jiangyin (now Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province) in the South Zhili of the Ming Dynasty. A famous geographer and traveler, he is the author of China's geography masterpiece "Travels of Xu Xiake". Known as the "miracle of the times", he devoted his life to the four directions, not avoiding the wind and rain, keeping company with the long wind and cloud, filling his hunger with wild fruits and quenching his thirst with clear springs. Footprints cover Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other 16 provinces. Wherever they go, they explore seclusion, seek secrets, and leave travel notes to record observed phenomena, humanities, geography, animals and plants.
In Xu Xiake's travel notes, there are records of places of interest and customs. The opening day of Xu Xiake's travel notes (May 19) was designated as China Tourism Day.
Question 3: Xu Xiake's biography summarizes what kind of person Xu Xiake is. Xu Xiake is a natural lover of mountains and rivers ("strange feelings are gloomy, mysterious to mountains and rivers", "there are repeated visits, several visits, and more than one visit"), and he is good at sightseeing ("I am also a slave and a monk; A stick, a quilt. Don't pack, don't pack
Grain; Can be hungry for a few days, can eat enough, can walk hundreds of miles. Lingya, riding on clusters of thorns, pulls up and down, hangs up and down, as vigorous as a green ape and as strong as a yellow calf. Take helmet rock as bed mat, stream as bath, mountain charm and wooden guest as king.
Grandson and scarlet's father are companions. Porridge porridge, mouth can't speak; Talk about mountain classics, distinguish water veins, seek shape to win, and then be happy "), strive for success (as evidenced by climbing the top of Yanshan Mountain), and attach importance to family friendship (filial piety to mother, and
Chen Mushu and Huang Daozhou are friendly. After Huang Daozhou went to prison, he sent his eldest son to visit him. With a faint smell of bones, I realized my wish. Give the author exotic materials, roots, etc. ), full of scientific inquiry spirit (a visit must be a field trip), his book,
Tens of thousands of words, all of which were ordered to supplement the notes of the Sangjing and the Han and Song Scholars' Interpretation of Gong Yu.
Question 4: What kind of person is Xu Xiake's mother who died for thousands of years?
Question 5: Who is Xu Xiake? Xu Xiake (1587- 164 1) was an outstanding geographer and traveler in the Ming Dynasty. Born into a declining gentry family in Nanchang Village, Mazhen Town, Jiangyin. When he was young, he was brilliant and read widely. At the age of 22, he gave up his career and began to roam the motherland. In the past 34 years, he has traveled all over 16 provinces and regions. He has made great achievements in the study of mountains, rivers, geology and landforms, and is a pioneer in the investigation and study of limestone landforms in the world. The Travels of Xu Xiake is regarded as a wonderful book of ancient people. There are many related cultural relics in his hometown. Former residence of Xu Xiake The former residence of Xu Xiake is located in the east of Nanchang Village. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated in the early Qing Dynasty. It is difficult to reach the top of the mountain. The original house has four sides, with an area of 1 1,000 square meters. 1August 1985 to1June 1987, the former residence was completely renovated, with three sides. The first entrance of the former residence is seven rooms wide, six squares deep and 5.8 meters high. Hanging in the middle is the plaque of "Former Residence of Xu Xiake" inscribed by Lu, and a bust of Xu Xiake is placed on the back of the screen. The second entrance is five rooms wide, six frames deep and 5.8 meters high. Various karst specimens and papers and monographs written by modern experts and scholars show Xu Xiake's life story. The third entrance is five rooms wide, eight rooms deep and 6.8 meters high. In the main hall, there are three plaques inscribed by Shen Peng, and the inscriptions of modern celebrities are displayed on the walls. There are more than 40 scenic photos of "places where Xu Xiake has been" displayed in the East-West study. 1993, jiangyin people * * and China Xu xiake research society held the "Xu xiake memorial exhibition" in the capital, which was a great success. In the east courtyard in front of the main hall of Xu Xiake's former residence, stands a dense branch and lush green leaves, which was planted by Xu Xiake himself. Now the tree is 6.50 meters high and the root diameter is 2.2 meters. The trunk needs two people to hug. It has a history of more than 400 years. About 500 meters south of Xu Xiake's former residence in Qingshan Hall, there is an imitation Ming-style building, surrounded by water on three sides and facing east on the west. The three rooms are connected in depth with 65,438+00 frames, which looks antique and hangs in the middle of "Qingshan Hall" inscribed by Zhu. The statues of Xu's mother and adopted son are vividly displayed in the hall, and 76 quick stone carvings and carvings are embedded between the north, west and south walls. This is the famous "Castle Peak Hall Stone Carving" at home and abroad. Castle Peak Hall was originally built in the forty-eighth year of Ming Dynasty (1620) when Xu Xiake was 34 years old to celebrate his mother's early recovery from a serious illness. The name of the hall is the poem "April is sunny and rainy, Nanshan is bright." He also cheerfully asked someone to spend a picture of "Xiangyang Nanshan" hanging in it. "Castle Peak Hall" got its name from this. Xu Xiake's tomb is in the backyard of Qingshan Hall, which is Xu Xiake's Ming burial tomb. On 1985, it was rebuilt according to the drawings attached to the Xu family tree. The cemetery covers an area of 745 square meters. There is a brick tunnel in the middle and two pebbles on the left and right. Five needles pine, juniper, cypress, red maple, green maple, magnolia and magnolia are planted on both sides. Rose, camellia, osmanthus, wintersweet and other famous branches in the south of the Yangtze River. There is a 2.7-meter-high statue of Xu Xiake in front of the altar at the end of the aisle. There is a monument on each side of the statue.
Question 6: Xu Xiake's personality is urgent! ! ! beat
Question 7: Who else is like Xu Xiake? Write two 1. Xu xiake.
Xu Xiake, born in the 14th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, was a great geographer, traveler and explorer from Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. It is also called "You Sheng", "Xia Xian" and "The Ancestor of Donkey Friends" by later generations. He traveled all over China's beautiful mountains and rivers all his life, which is quite legendary. Influenced by the culture of a farming and reading family, Xu Xiake was eager to learn when he was young, and read a lot of books, especially local classics and local chronicles. The teenager has made a travel ambition of "a gentleman swims in the blue sea and stays in the blue sky at dusk". Xu Xiake's footprint covers 16 provinces, cities and autonomous regions. He was robbed three times and deprived of food several times, regardless of difficulties and obstacles. He still stepped forward and carefully recorded his observations. Until I entered Lijiang, Yunnan, I still insisted on compiling travel notes and mountain records, and basically completed Xu Xiake's travel notes of more than 2.4 million words. 53-year-old (1640) local officials in Yunnan sent Xu Xiake back to Jiangyin by boat. 54 years old, died at home in the first month. Xu Xiake's 2.6 million-word travel notes written after 30 years of investigation have far-reaching influence at home and abroad.
2. Xuanzang
Xuanzang (602 ~ 664) was born in Luozhou (now the ancient city of Yanshi, Henan). The famous monk mage, Buddhist scholar and traveler in Tang Dynasty, together with Kumarajiva and Zhen Zhen, are called the three great translators of China. One of the greatest translators in the history of Han Buddhism. One of the founders of only knowing Sect.
After becoming a monk, I visited famous Buddhist teachers all over the world. I decided to study Buddhism in Tianzhu because I felt that the theories of various factions were different and it was difficult to draw a conclusion. In the third year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong traveled westward from Liangzhou to Yumenguan and arrived in Tianzhu after a difficult journey. I first learned it from Jiexian in Nalanduo Temple. Later, he traveled to Tianzhu to talk with local scholars and became famous.
Zhenguan three years, starting from Chang 'an, arrived in Liangzhou via Lanzhou. Wei Hui, a local master, respected Xuanzang's great wish and asked his disciples to secretly send Xuanzang forward. They are afraid of being captured by officers and men during the day, so they travel at night. In Guazhou, the horse I rode fell dead again. Xuanzang bought an old skinny red horse that had been to Yiwu (Hami) 15, and walked alone.
After 17 years of perseverance, Master Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an in the 19th year of Zhenguan.
His stories, such as Wu Changling's drama "Jing Tian in Tang Dynasty" in Yuan Dynasty and Wu Cheng'en's novel The Journey to the West in Ming Dynasty, were widely circulated among the people in past dynasties, all of which originated from his deeds.
3. Jess Zhang
Zhang Qian (about 164 ~ 1 14 BC), a native of Chenggu County, Hanzhong, was an outstanding explorer, traveler and diplomat in China during the Han Dynasty, and made great contributions to the development of the Silk Road. It opened up the north-south road to the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, and introduced blood horses, grapes, alfalfa, pomegranate, walnuts, flax and so on from various countries in the Western Regions.
Zhang Qian left Longxi in the third year of Jianyuan (before 138) and was captured by Xiongnu. In the more than ten years of Xiongnu, although Zhang Qian married and had children, he always adhered to the Han Festival. Later, he finally escaped, went west to Dawan, passed through Kangju, went to Dayue's house, then went to Daxia, and stayed for more than a year before coming back. On his way home, Zhang Qian changed from South Road to Nanshan, but he was still captured by Xiongnu and held for more than a year. In the third year of Yuan Shuo (BC 126), the Huns were in civil strife, and Zhang Qian took the opportunity to escape into the Han Dynasty. He gave a detailed report on the Western Regions to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who made him a doctor in Taichung. When Zhang Qian was in the summer, he learned that he could spend the summer by taking the road from the southwest of Shu (now Sichuan Basin) and taking the poison of India (now India). Because he advised Liang Wudi to open the route to the southwest, it was blocked by Kunming Yi and failed to pass. In the sixth year of Yuanshuo, Zhang Qian made contributions to the Xiongnu with Wei Qing, so he made a fortune and looked forward to it. Later, Zhang Qian advised Wu Di to unite with Wu Sun (in today's Ili Valley), and Wu Di took Zhang Qian as a corps commander. In BC 1 19, 300 people were sent to Wusun with tens of thousands of cattle and sheep, gold and silk. Zhang Qian sent envoys to Wusun and sent envoys to the surrounding countries such as Dawan, Kangju, Yueshi and Daxia. This trip has also achieved great results, and western countries have also sent envoys to visit Chang 'an. Wu Sun sent messengers to send Zhang Qian back to Han, and offered a horse to thank him.
Ding Yuan in the second year (former 1 15), Zhang Qian also. Zhang Qian is the founder of Hanergy's ability to communicate with the western regions. Because of Zhang Qian's prestige in the Western Regions, the envoys of the Han Dynasty later called him Bo Wanghou to win the trust of other countries.
4. Zheng He
Zheng He was born in Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (137 1), and his original name was Ma. In the 13th year of Hongwu 138 1 winter, the Ming army attacked Yunnan. Ma, 10 years old, was brought into the Ming camp, became a eunuch from * * *, and then entered Yan's post. During the Jingnan Rebellion, Ma made meritorious military service for the prince in Zhengzhou, Hebei Province (now Renqiu, Hebei Province, not Zhengzhou, Henan Province). In the second year of Yongle (1404), Ming Taizu thought that Ma's surname could not be included in the Sanbaotang, so he gave the word "Zheng" to Nanjing Ma ...
Question 8: What kind of person is Xu Xiake? There is an article about him in China's traditional virtue story.
Question 9: Xu Xiake was a strange man in the late Ming Dynasty. What's strange about him? What's strange about him? What's weird about Xu Xiake?
1, not seeking fame, determined to explore.
2, not afraid of difficulties and obstacles, extraordinary perseverance
3. Seek truth from facts and persevere.
A wonderful book about the achievements of past dynasties
The book Xu Xiake's Travels has high scientific and literary value.
Question 10: What kind of person is Xu Xiake? Xu Xiake's Travels is an important work left by Xu Xiake who has traveled all his life. As an ordinary person, in order to better understand the landscape of the motherland, he has traveled all over the country with patriotic enthusiasm for more than 30 years. It can be said that Xu Xiake was a true "patriot" of that era. Speaking of Xu Xiake's patriotism, we must know what "patriotism" is. Patriotism is not what we say in words, but what we do in action. Whatever you do, as long as it is beneficial to the country and the people, you should be patriotic. Xu Xiake is "patriotic" because his patriotic concept is different from other scholars. In the feudal dynasty at that time, "the country belongs to me" and "the country belongs to the son of heaven", so "patriotism" at that time was loyalty to the emperor. Xu Xiake's "patriotism" is not only loyalty to the monarch, but also love for the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, so Xu Xiake's patriotism has surpassed the idea of "loyalty to the monarch", that is, "the monarch is the monarch" and "the country is the country". Treat monarchs and countries separately. If you are a wise monarch, you can say: "patriotism is loyalty to the monarch"; But if you are a bad king, you can't be stupid and loyal, and you should put the interests of the "country" first. Xu Xiake lived in the late Ming Dynasty, when the emperor was fatuous and politically corrupt. For Xu Xiake, his "patriotism" is no longer loyalty to the emperor. He turned "patriotism" into a love and understanding of the mountains and rivers of the motherland. We say that if a person doesn't even have a good understanding of the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, how can he believe that this person is truly patriotic? Patriotism is not just lip service. I think it is under such circumstances that he decided to know the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. And Xu Xiake's "tour" is not like others' "tour". In addition to his early trips to famous mountains, his trip to the southwest was more like a scientific investigation. Besides, the route he took was not like other people's tourist routes. Xu Xiake's travel routes are basically some remote mountainous areas and frontier areas where ethnic minorities gather. In these areas, he witnessed the hard life of local people, the mutual conquest of chiefs and the despicable act of splitting the motherland. After seeing all this, he has a deeper understanding of toast. The conclusion is: "Tusi corrupts the people, which is its nature, but chaos and government territory cannot last long." The Yi people are really suffering from the erosion of the toast. They are at a loss about the first situation and only want to live and die together. They must really love the Lord and miss the old days, which is unbreakable. The reason why they are willing to oppose each other is only the incitement of evil. He doesn't learn Chinese, but he is elegant and easy to seduce. The legacy of evil is not due to Yin's stubbornness. The guest of Tian Heng was the first to jump over the beam to cover up the treachery of the mang, using ignorance as an excuse and cunning as a scheme. "It is clearly pointed out that the broad masses of the people hate toast. The reason why they follow the toast to launch a rebellion is because they don't know Chinese and are used to their own customs. Therefore, it is easy for them to be fooled by toast and take part in resistance, rather than nostalgia for toast's rule. And resolutely support the country's "return to China." "In addition, he also expressed indignation at the court's indifference to the southwest. He said: "The imperial court used soldiers in the east and west, and everything was like this, not just the southwest." In Yunnan, he also inspected Teng Yue's "Three Declarations" and "Six Comfort", and pointed out that "the land of China was originally a wild land. Since the twenty-second year of Wanli, Jindao has set up eight passes, so all foreigners outside the customs belong to Awa." Finally, it concludes: "Probably' Three Declarations' belong to the Customs, while' Six Comfort' belongs to the Customs. "Although' Six Comfort' belongs to the outside world, it is still the territory of China and the dividing line between China and foreigners. Through these investigations, he expressed his anger and helplessness at these separatist regimes and the loss of land in the frontier. But he resolutely recorded these. And pointed out that every inch of land should not be lost. All these can show Xu Xiake's patriotic feelings. In addition, while traveling, he also preserved some famous and forgotten inscriptions and poems in the mountains, leaving some important information for future generations. A number of important cultural heritages in China have been protected. And visit caves and rivers. He used pen and paper to tell his patriotism. All of the above can show Xu Xiake's love for the motherland. He put these passions into action. The love for mountains and rivers and the love for the country all show Xu Xiake's patriotic spirit.