Holidays: Monday 09:30~ 18:00. The Confucius Temple in Beijing was founded in the sixth year of Yuan Dade (1302) and completed in the tenth year of Dade (1306). It has been rebuilt many times in the past dynasties, and it is a memorial building for the three generations of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, also known as the Temple of the First Teacher. The temple faces south, and the gate is called the first teacher, which still maintains the style of Yuan Dynasty.
The main buildings of the gate of Confucius Temple in Beijing are covered with yellow glazed tiles, which is the highest building regulation in feudal society. The layout of the whole Confucius Temple building is scientific, and the scale is grand, highlighting the royal style. The Confucius Temple in Beijing is different from other places, because it has a forest of steles, which is actually a book of fame and fortune carved in stone. Scholars in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties set up a monument here to "become famous in one fell swoop". Xianshimen (also known as Lingxingmen) is the gate of Confucius Temple, which is three rooms wide, seven purlins deep and rests on the top of the mountain on a single eaves, basically retaining the architectural style of Yuan Dynasty. Both sides of Xianshimen are connected with the outer wall of the temple, just like a city gate. When I entered the old school, I saw Dachengmen. Dachengmen was built in Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. It is five rooms wide and nine purlins deep, and it is located on an eaves at the top of the mountain. The whole building is located on a tall masonry abutment, and the high relief dragon pattern on the middle stone is vivid. There are 10 stone drums on both sides of Dacheng front porch, and an ancient hunting poem is engraved on the drum surface of each stone drum. It was carved in imitation of the stone drum cultural relics of the Zhou Xuanwang era during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in the 8th century BC. I'm afraid only the learned Kong Old Master Q can fully understand the scribbled words and profound poems. The first courtyard is the place where the emperor prepared various things before offering sacrifices to Confucius. On the east side of the courtyard, there is a sacrificial pavilion, a well pavilion and a kitchen, which are used to slaughter, clean and cook Confucius' three major sacrifices. There is a shrine and a fasting place on each side, which are used to store sacrificial ceremonies and prepare offerings.
The second courtyard is the central courtyard of Confucius Temple. Whenever there is a ceremony to worship Confucius, there will be bells and drums ringing, music and dance ringing, and the ceremony will be dignified. Dacheng Hall is the main building of the Second Hospital, the central building of the whole Confucius Temple and the most sacred hall in the Confucius Temple. Dacheng Hall was built in Dade for six years (AD 1302) and was destroyed by the war. It was rebuilt in the 9th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D.141) and expanded from seven to nine in the 32nd year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1906). The golden brick floor in the main hall is covered with Tuanlong wellhead smallpox, and its regulation is the highest building grade in China feudal society, comparable to the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City. In the temple, there is a wooden tablet of Confucius' "King of Dacheng's Most Holy Selected Works", and on both sides of the tablet stands the tablet of "Four Pairs of Twelve Philosophers". In the case of the pre-sacrifice of the gods, the ritual vessels such as respect, nobility, instrument, symbol and bucket were all genuine imperial products during the Qing Dynasty. Inside and outside the main hall, the imperial plaques of nine emperors from Kangxi to Xuan Tong in the Qing Dynasty hung high, all of which were four-character hymns to Confucius written by the emperors themselves and were precious cultural relics.
The third courtyard of Confucius Temple is the most distinctive, which consists of the holy gate, the holy temple and the east and west halls. It is obviously and naturally separated from the first two courtyards, which embodies the ingenious conception of the ancients in the construction department. This group of buildings is called Chongsheng Temple, which is a home temple dedicated to the ancestors of Confucius for five generations. It was built in the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1530) and rebuilt in the 2nd year of Qingganlong (A.D. 1737), and the grey tile roof was changed into green glazed tile roof. The worship hall, also known as the Five Dynasties Hall, is five rooms wide and seven purlins deep. There is a broad platform in front of the temple with ten steps on three sides. The memorial tablets of Confucius' five generations and those of Yan Hui, Kong Ji, Zeng Shen and Monk are enshrined in the temple. The East-West Attached Hall is located on the masonry abutment, with three rooms wide and five purlins deep, and a single eaves hanging from the top of the mountain. Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao brothers, Zhang Zai, Cai Shen, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu and other six founders of Confucianism.
The Sanjin Courtyard and its buildings have obvious differences in architectural levels and functional areas, forming a harmonious and unified royal sacrificial architecture community, which is an outstanding representative of ancient architecture in China. Imperial academy, Beijing is located atNo. 15, Guozijian Street, Andingmen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, adjacent to Confucius Temple. The whole building in imperial academy faces south, and there are Jixian Gate (the main entrance), Taixue Gate (the second entrance), Liuli Archway, Biyong, Yilun Hall and Jingyi Pavilion on the central axis. There are four halls and six halls on the east and west sides, forming a traditional symmetrical pattern. It is the only existing ancient central state-owned university building in China.
main building
Jixian Gate is the gate of imperial academy. There is a well pavilion in the inner courtyard of the gate, and the worship gate on the east side is connected with the Confucius Temple. The second entrance to imperial academy, Taixuemen, is the second entrance to imperial academy's courtyard, which includes the glazed archway, Biyong Hall and Yilun Hall.
Liuli memorial archway
Walking through the gate of imperial academy, there is the big glass archway with the second gate of imperial academy, which is the only archway specially designed for education in Beijing. The banners on both sides are the imperial titles of the emperor, and they are the symbols of China's worship of culture and education in ancient times. Located in the gate of Jixian County, it is a glazed archway with three floors, four columns and seven floors, which lasted for 48 years (1783).
Bi Yong
Imperial academy Bi Yong is the central building of imperial academy. It is built on a square platform in the center of a circular pool in the center of the central axis. This is a square hall with double eaves and pyramid roof. Open the door on all sides and set up six steps. Biyong is surrounded by a long corridor, and exquisite bridges span the pool, connecting the temple with the courtyard. This architectural form symbolizes a round place. After Emperor Qianlong, every time the new emperor ascended the throne, he would come here to give lectures to show that the central government attached importance to higher education. Six halls are 33 rooms, located on the left and right sides of Biyong, which are collectively called six halls, namely: Frank Hall, Sincere Hall, Aspiration Hall, Monastery Hall, Justice Hall and Guangye Hall, which are classrooms for students of Gong Sheng and Jianzi.
Yiluntang
Yilun Hall is located in the north of Biyong Hall. The Yuan Dynasty was called Chongwen Pavilion. Ming Yongle rebuilt, renamed Yilun Hall. In his early years, it was the place where the emperor gave lectures. After the construction of Biyong, it was changed into a library in the prison.
Jingyiting
Jingyi Pavilion, located behind Yilun Hall, is the third courtyard in imperial academy. Built in the seventh year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, it has a wine-offering wing, a secretary wing and seven imperial tablets, which is the office of imperial academy. On the passage between Confucius Temple and imperial academy, there is a forest of steles consisting of 189 tall stone tablets. The stone tablet is engraved with Confucian classics: Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Zhou Li, Yili, Li Ji, Chunqiu Zuozhuan, Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan, Chunqiu Guliang Zhuan, Analects of Confucius, Xiaojing, Mencius and Erya. The blueprint of The Classic of Stone was written by Jiang Heng, a tribute student in Jintan, Jiangsu Province, during the Yongzheng period, which lasted 12 years. In the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong (A.D. 179 1 year), it was ordered to carve stones and erect monuments. All the stone classics are more than 630,000 words, with large scale and neat fonts. The accuracy of content and the exquisite degree of carving are better than Xi 'an's "Kaicheng Shijing", and it is also the second largest forest of steles in China after Xi 'an Forest of Steles. According to legend, he was appointed as the president, and Peng and Liu Yong were vice presidents, responsible for reviewing the scriptures. Peng used thirteen rare books of Song and Yuan Dynasties to collate calligraphy manuscripts, and changed vulgar characters into archaic characters, which made the classics more perfect and standardized, greatly increased the ancient meaning, and was praised by Qianlong and awarded the title of Prince Taibao. This made Xiao Shenyang jealous. He ordered people to dig up all the changed ancient characters on the stone tablet overnight. It was not until the collapse of Little Shenyang that this ancient handwriting was restored. Today, there are still pieces of patchwork on the surface of tablet computers. Xu Heng, a famous Neo-Confucianist in Yuan Dynasty, was the first person in imperial academy to offer a drink offering. At that time, there were more than 200 students. Students studying here are called "mentors", which come from three sources: first, the right path mentors selected from scholars all over the country come here for further study; Second, international students, generally from South Korea, show logic, cross toes, Russia and so on; The third type is "donating to the prison", which is the Guo Jian Zi. As long as you pay enough money, you can get a "prison photo", which is regarded as an invigilator diploma.