First, the common problems in the design of water conservancy projects
(A) the lack of necessary basic information
This is one of the important problems found in the design review of water conservancy projects. In the design of water conservancy project, the basic situation of local geology, hydrology and other external environment is directly related to the formulation and selection of water conservancy project design scheme. If these basic important data are not comprehensive and accurate, it will directly affect the quality of the design scheme, seriously affect the project scale and defense capability, and eventually lead to life safety and people's property losses. Therefore, the relevant design departments should pay enough attention to the design of water conservancy projects. At present, many projects are eager to start the design of water conservancy projects because of the lack of on-the-spot investigation due to time and funds, which leads to a great gap between the design and the actual situation. If it is redesigned, it will not only waste the construction period, but also cause great controversy and huge economic losses. For example, some districts and counties in a city started construction without field investigation before design, and there was a dry well accident during construction, so the construction plan had to be changed. On the one hand, it wastes money, which seriously affects the pipeline design of the whole project and needs to be recalculated, resulting in great losses.
(B) the design process is too simple
Any water conservancy project design work is constantly deepened and refined along the process of bidding design and construction drawing design. This process includes not only the gradual refinement and decomposition of engineering structure diagram, engineering quantity and engineering cost calculation, but also the gradual supplement and improvement of basic data as the design basis. The forming process of the design scheme is also the process of further comparison and in-depth demonstration of the schemes. However, in the actual design of water conservancy projects, there is basically no comparison between the schemes designed by design units, as long as the schemes are feasible. In many cases, the design and planning of water conservancy projects do not take into account the hydrological and hydrogeological conditions and the distribution of water resources in the basin to be treated or developed, nor do they consider determining various daily standards for treatment and development according to needs and possibilities, selecting a reasonable project scale according to local natural, economic and social conditions, and formulating a safe, economical and convenient project layout plan. More practice is to directly use the basic data of the previous design stage in the next stage of design, and directly apply the results and conclusions of the previous design stage without further in-depth supplement and improvement or further in-depth demonstration of the design scheme.
(C) designers lack cost awareness
After the construction drawing design is completed, the "quantity" and "price" in the project cost have been determined. The entity consumption in the project cost determined by the design and construction drawings cannot be changed at will, and the "price" in the project cost changes according to the specific conditions of each place. However, due to the thoughtlessness of the design department, the lack of economic concept of technicians, and the loopholes in the preparation of design documents, the economy of design results cannot be fully reflected. After entering the stage of detailed construction drawing design, the design unit made a detailed comparison of design schemes due to the repeated statements of the owner, which led to design changes, which not only affected the construction progress, but also increased the engineering quantity and project cost. The design unit lacks the consciousness of serving the owners. Due to the reform of investment system, the owner responsibility system is implemented in the development and construction of water conservancy projects, which mainly undertakes the tasks of planning, financing, construction, operation, repayment and capital preservation and appreciation, so the owner is very concerned about the cost control and investment benefit of the project. A few days ago, the design unit didn't know much about this, and sometimes it lacked understanding of the requirements of the owners. When there are unexpected differences with the owners, they often answer the owners with blunt provisions such as rules, norms and superior documents.
(d) The balance between soil and water is not considered.
In the design of water conservancy projects, the balance of water and soil resources emphasizes the balance between supply and demand of water resources, which not only refers to the balance in a horizontal year, but also refers to the balance in each season, so as to meet the production needs and realize the design objectives of water conservancy projects. When calculating the available water supply, the main consideration is whether the designed project can meet the actual requirements for irrigation water in each cycle; When calculating crop water demand in the design of agricultural irrigation and water conservancy projects, we should fully consider the difference of planting structure and consider the maximum water demand. According to the irrigation area that the water source can supply, the balance analysis of each district is carried out.
Second, measures to improve design quality
First of all, design in strict accordance with design standards. Through the classification of water conservancy projects and their constituent buildings, the purpose of organically unifying the safety and reliability of projects and the economic rationality of their cost is achieved, that is, classifying water conservancy projects according to their benefits, scale and importance in the national economy. Then the buildings in the hub are classified according to their functions and importance. Water conservancy buildings must be designed in accordance with specifications, adopt certain flood standards, and be graded according to the grade, importance, use conditions and structural types of buildings, so as to ensure the safety of buildings when they encounter floods within the design standards. If the comprehensive utilization project belongs to different grades according to the specifications, the grade of the whole hub should be regarded as the highest grade. When determining the grade of hydraulic structures, if the buildings have several uses at the same time, the highest grade shall prevail; When there is only one use, it should be considered according to the level of use.
Secondly, ensure the authenticity of basic design data and strengthen geological exploration. In the planning and design of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the basic hydrological data must be strictly examined and rechecked, which is stipulated by various existing hydrological calculation norms in China. Due to the interference of subjective and objective aspects such as basic data, calculation, environment and human factors, there will be differences in the evaluation of engineering hydrological design, so the relevant information of engineering hydrological design must be carefully checked, and only in this way can the reliability and authenticity of design results be guaranteed. The basic data, data and period of the new reference involved in the design must meet the two requirements of reliability and adaptability to the accuracy of the research object. In order to make the design unit have a sense of crisis. Introduce competition mechanism and adopt bidding system. Fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of design units for careful design and optimization design, and urge design units to improve design quality.
Finally, strengthen the management of design work. Owners play an inevitable leading role in design management. Therefore, the owner unit should strive to improve its own construction, strengthen the quality training of internal personnel, let specialized personnel focus on design optimization, actively consult relevant experts when necessary, and strive to do a good job in design management, so as to put forward more design schemes for selection from various aspects and angles. We should take "quality, time limit, cost and expense" as the comprehensive control goal of design management. First of all, strengthen the contract consciousness in all work and strengthen the contract management of design work. Use contracts to regulate the behavior of both sides of economic relations and clarify the responsibilities, rights and interests of both sides of economic relations. The contract content must fully reflect the owner's requirements for design work, be standardized and detailed, and at the same time, the owner's satisfaction with the design work requirements should be linked to the contract payment.
Concluding remarks
To enrich the functions of water conservancy projects, we must constantly improve the design quality of water conservancy projects, actively seek ways to improve the project benefits, and also consider social benefits. In a word, the main way to improve the design quality is to improve the technology and strengthen the management of the design process, and strive for the design quality. Water conservancy engineering design units should be familiar with common problems and deal with them effectively. This paper briefly introduces some common problems and puts forward some ending measures, hoping to help peers.
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