Engineering construction supervision refers to the micro-supervision activities in which socialized and specialized engineering construction supervision units accept the entrustment and authorization of the owners in order to realize the project investment purpose in accordance with the construction documents approved by the state, relevant laws and regulations on engineering construction, engineering construction supervision contracts and other engineering construction contracts. The main method of construction supervision is control, the basis of which is information. Information management is an important content of construction supervision. Grasping accurate and complete information in time can make the supervision engineer alert and clear, thus effectively completing the supervision task. With the rapid development of national economy and the expansion of engineering construction scale, information management is becoming more and more important, and the amount of information generated in the process of supervision is also increasing. Using information technology to manage engineering projects has become an important means to improve the level and efficiency of engineering construction supervision.
Importance of computer and information technology in engineering project supervision
Project supervision is a complex system engineering. The dynamic management, quantitative and scientific system management and control of engineering construction process involves many factors, and it is necessary to process a large amount of data quickly and display the actual situation of current construction (progress, quality, cost, etc.) in time. ) deviation, so as to provide a basis for supervision engineer decision-making, to guide the next step. Such a huge workload can only be accomplished by modern tools and means such as computers and information technology.
Project supervision is a complex process network. In the process of project planning and implementation, it is necessary to systematically integrate project-related resources, workflow and management objectives to maximize project management benefits, and also rely on computers and information technology.
Engineering database and management database are the basis of engineering project supervision, and the establishment, maintenance and update of these data depend on computer and information technology.
Classification of main regulatory information
Investment control information. Investment control information refers to the information directly related to investment control, such as various estimation indexes, similar project costs, price index, budget quota, project investment estimation, design budget, contract price, payment list in construction stage, raw material prices, machine and equipment shift fees, labor costs, transportation and miscellaneous fees, etc.
Quality control information. Such as the relevant national quality policies and standards, engineering construction standards, quality target decomposition results, quality control workflow, quality control work system, quality control risk analysis, quality sampling data, etc.
Schedule control information. Such as construction quota, total project schedule, schedule target decomposition, schedule control workflow, schedule control work system, schedule control risk analysis, schedule records for a certain period of time, etc.
Contract management information. Such as economic contracts, engineering construction contracts, materials and equipment supply contracts, engineering consulting contracts, construction claims, etc.
The concrete application of computer in information management
Investment control. Adjustment of budgetary estimate, budget and pre-tender estimate; Comparative analysis of budget and budgetary estimate; Comparative analysis of pre-tender estimate, budgetary estimate and budget; Comparative analysis of contract price and budget estimate, budget and pre-tender estimate; Dynamic comparison between investment and budget estimate, budget and contract price; Comparative analysis of project decision and budget estimate, budget and contract price; Project investment data query, etc.
Schedule control. Prepare single code or double code network plan; Compile multi-level network; Statistical analysis of the actual progress of the project; Dynamic comparison between actual progress and planned progress; Forecast of project progress change trend; Adjustment of planned progress; Query of project progress data, etc.
Quality control. Quality requirements and standards of engineering construction; Appraisal records and inquiries of design quality; Acceptance records, inquiries and statistics of materials and equipment quality; Acceptance records, inquiries and statistics of the quality of completed projects; Analysis of the actual quality, quality requirements and quality standards of the project; Safety accident handling records, inquiries, etc.
Contract management. Provision and selection of contract structure mode; Registration, modification, deletion, inquiry and statistics of contract documents and materials; Tracking and handling of contract execution; Report on the implementation of the contract; Foreign exchange of foreign-related contracts; Economic laws and regulations database (domestic and foreign) query, etc.
The information management of engineering construction supervision is completed through the engineering construction supervision information system. It is an information system that collects, transmits, processes, analyzes and stores all kinds of data of construction supervision by means of computer and based on system thought, and generates information. Its goal is to realize the systematic management of information and provide necessary decision support. Generally including management information system and decision support system. The core of decision support system is expert system. Management information system is mainly used to collect, process, use and store data, generate information, and provide it to regulators at all levels, departments and stages to complete communication. Decision Support System (DSS) is a computer-based human-computer interaction system, which uses knowledge, information and models to help decision makers solve diverse and uncertain problems. With the help of knowledge base and the support of a large number of data in the database, DSS mainly makes use of knowledge, especially the experience of experts in various disciplines, and puts forward decision-making schemes and reference opinions needed by supervisors at all levels, especially high-level decision-making, which is equivalent to giving the supervision company a highly intelligent brain.
Computer-aided supervision with supervision software
1. Standardize supervision and reduce operational errors of supervisors. As an industry, supervision mainly provides a service for the owner's engineering construction. This kind of service is implemented in the process of project construction, which is reflected in the degree of realizing the ultimate goal of the project, so it is an intangible product that is difficult to quantify. How to effectively improve this service level and keep the supervision work at a high level? Software has played a very good role.
The software provides a normative operation framework for supervision work. Based on the existing laws and regulations, this specification helps users to reduce deviations and omissions that should not occur in their work. It not only simply provides some text and information to guide users how to operate, but also integrates this specification into the use process. Taking document management as an example, the software establishes standard formats or tables for all kinds of documents that supervisors may use, and can judge the type of data filled in by users by computer to avoid filling in wrong data as much as possible. This actually standardizes the correct use of supervision files by users, and makes the generated files uniformly filed and managed by the system, which fundamentally prevents the phenomenon of loss or difficulty in consulting during storage. From the user's point of view, we don't want this specification and framework to limit our creativity and flexibility, nor do we want it to limit the personality development of different companies. At this point, the software has also made a useful attempt, allowing users to change from file coding to file format, and introducing the function of customizing documents, so that users have great flexibility in formulating the company's document standards with the support of standardization system.
2. Grasp the development priorities and simplify the tedious supervision work. The software comprehensively summarizes the information that most needs computer processing or auxiliary management in the operation of supervision affairs, gives full play to the potential of computers, and liberates people from tedious affairs. The aforementioned document management is an example. The quality evaluation module is also worth mentioning. With this function, as long as the supervision engineer concentrates on collecting data, other tedious data statistics and programmed evaluation work can be completed automatically by the computer. In the face of computer statistics and evaluation results, the supervision engineer is not in a passive state, because the program gives him certain modification authority to adapt to the evaluation of special projects. The time and manpower saved by using software is a benefit to the supervision company; At the same time, it can greatly reduce the error rate of evaluation results and play a certain auxiliary role in improving the quality level of supervision work. If the software does not reflect the best combination of supervision business and computer functions, but only computerizes various affairs in isolation, such software is not an auxiliary tool for supervision engineers.
3. Enhance the processing function and open up new ideas for the design of monitoring software. A remarkable feature of current software is that it uses computers to handle transactions as much as possible, rather than simply collecting, summarizing and displaying information. Taking the quality control of sub-projects in the engineering supervision software SRIBS-2.2 as an example, this module shows a new idea of software design. On the basis of collecting construction data, the computer analyzes and processes these data; When the quality data does not meet the relevant acceptance specifications and standards, the system will automatically alarm and provide possible cause analysis, and automatically generate a quality problem or quality accident file card; When the progress is not in line with the normal situation, it will also prompt to generate a quality problem file card. Finally, a complete set of construction files is formed for each sub-project, and users can search and query all aspects of information, which initially has the function of expert consultation system. This function helps to effectively free supervisors from the energy they spend on some transactional work and concentrate on other technical work or management work.
4. Apply advanced technology, popularize computer-aided supervision software, apply advanced means in computer field to supervision industry, and enrich supervision management means. At present, the communication network in the software gives full play to the new function of computer remote communication, so that the documents and data of the construction site can be reported to the headquarters of the supervision company in time. By looking at these data, the company can not only supervise whether the specific project is operated according to the standard, but also play a macro-control role in the company's operation, thus playing a role in rationally arranging the company's personnel, equipment and other resources. At present, there is still a lot of work to be done in software. How to adapt to different management modes, further deepen management functions and improve management methods is a new topic faced by software developers.
Problems needing improvement in practical application of current supervision software
1. Insufficient investment in software application. Due to the limited understanding and financial resources of many unit leaders and project decision makers, the investment in the application of supervision software in China is obviously insufficient at present, including the investment in purchasing software and hardware and the investment in personnel training, which can not meet the needs, and the lag and indirectness of the benefits generated by using software have aggravated this trend.
2. Lack of advanced and applicable supervision software. Simply relying on purchasing foreign commercial software is not only expensive, but also because of the differences in application environment, many excellent foreign software can not give full play to its functions. However, due to the support of management theory and the composition of development team, some commercial software and proprietary systems developed by our country cannot meet the needs of target control of large-scale engineering projects. It can be said that supervision software with advanced performance and suitable for the existing engineering application environment is rare at present in China.
3. Lack of good data environment. In practical engineering applications, the software originally used for engineering data processing is often not supported by effective data. The lack of data, the confusion of data management at the grass-roots level, and the delay of data transmission among all parties involved in the project are all factors that restrict the full function of engineering software.
4. Quality defects of users of existing monitoring software. At present, China's engineering supervision personnel generally lack the computer and foreign language foundation necessary to use the software, and at the same time lack a deep understanding of the basic methods and theories of engineering supervision, which also affects the application and promotion of supervision software in practice.
The problems in the application and promotion of regulatory software in China can be roughly divided into three levels: the first level is the problem of use and non-use, which shows that many companies are unwilling to invest in software; The second level is the problem of right and wrong, which is manifested in the lack of advanced and applicable excellent software; The third level is how to make good use of the software, which is manifested in how to give full play to the software functions of the company that installed the software. Among the above problems, the first level will be solved with the popularization of modern supervision theory and the development of engineering practice in China.
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