First, the connotation of safety management
Safety management is an important part of enterprise management. The principle of safety management is a safety management law that scientifically analyzes, synthesizes, abstracts and summarizes the essence of safety management. Safety management principle, also known as secondary safety management principle, is a general rule to guide safety management activities on the basis of safety management principle. Safety management principles include systematic principle, people-oriented principle, preventive principle and mandatory principle.
Expressway is a fully enclosed, multi-lane and high-standard special expressway for automobiles, with a central separation zone, full grade separation, centralized management, traffic control and complete safety service facilities. Expressway's safety management is mainly the planning, guidance, inspection and decision-making of expressway's enterprise safety management, and it is also the fundamental link to ensure that expressway is in the best safety state. The content of site safety management in expressway can be summarized into four aspects: safety organization management, site and facilities management, behavior control and safety technology management.
Second, expressway's security system construction
With the continuous construction and operation of expressway, how to manage and make good use of expressway has become a very urgent problem, so the research on safety management in expressway came into being. Due to lack of experience, the traffic management mode of ordinary highway has been copied to the management of expressway, but the traffic mode of expressway is very different from that of ordinary highway, and many new problems have appeared in the management of expressway due to its high speed and large traffic volume. Combining the characteristics of expressway, it is an urgent problem to establish a safety management model suitable for expressway.
1, target management of security system. Enterprises set the goal of no major accidents in safe production throughout the year. Under this general goal, all grass-roots units (collectives) formulate safety objectives for all work at all levels, and make them detailed and quantitative, so as to realize target management at all levels. Dividing safety responsibility is an important link in safety production.
2. System management of security system. Establish and improve various safety systems and post operation procedures, restrict behaviors with strict systems and rules, strictly establish a safety production management network from the team to the whole company, equip full-time and part-time safety officers, and strictly adhere to the safety inspection system. Adhere to the policy of "safety first, prevention first", and strengthen the sense of hardship, responsibility and prevention. Dealing with the links that are prone to problems in specific work is the focus of accident prevention.
3. Influencing factors of expressway's security system. Highway traffic safety is a systematic problem composed of people, vehicles, roads and management. These four factors coordinate and interact with each other, and any one of them will affect traffic safety. Among them, human factors are very important. Accidents in expressway are all caused by human factors, accounting for 95%. The braking performance and steering performance of a car during driving also have great influence on traffic safety. Expressway's own structure and safety facilities are also factors that affect traffic safety. Traffic management plays an important role in ensuring highway traffic safety.
First, human security factors. Because expressway is fully enclosed and interconnected, and the road conditions are good, drivers don't need to take many measures during driving, which leads to the decrease of drivers' vigilance. Once they encounter problems and don't deal with them in time, they are prone to traffic accidents. The main causes of traffic accidents are drivers' lack of driving experience and traffic knowledge in expressway, long-term fatigue driving, and drivers' weak awareness of traffic safety laws and regulations, such as driving without a license, drunk driving, speeding, illegal overtaking, illegal loading, and too close distance between cars.
Second, the safety factor of the car. Cars traveling on the expressway are fast and in good condition. Before driving, the engine, tires and brake system should be maintained and checked. Tire puncture is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents in expressway, China.
Third, the road safety factor. Road factors mainly refer to the linear design and road structure of expressway. Among them, alignment design has a great relationship with traffic accidents, such as too small radius of curvature, too long linear distance, too small sight distance, too large longitudinal slope, and uncoordinated horizontal and vertical alignment. In addition, the strength stability, smoothness and skid resistance of the pavement are also the reasons that affect the safe driving in expressway.
Fourth, the factors of safety management. There is no unified model for expressway management in China. Because of "one road, two systems", that is, the responsibilities of the public security department and the transportation department are unclear and there are problems in management.
Third, the development countermeasures of expressway security system
1. Attach importance to the establishment of the late management unit of expressway Project.
In the later period of expressway's construction, although most of the contract sections are still in the defect period, in order to alleviate the traffic pressure and recover the investment as soon as possible, all localities have been put into trial operation in advance. Therefore, all kinds of highway management functional units are rushing to set up posts. Due to insufficient preparation, unclear powers and responsibilities of various departments, expressway's safety and traffic safety are intertwined, and different departments have the ownership of operation management units, road administration and traffic police. There are certain problems in information communication and departmental coordination, which complicates some simple problems and causes great security risks. Therefore, after the expressway project starts, the local government and the construction unit should set about establishing a management system with clear authority (including safety management system).
2, strengthen the key safety inspection of key parts.
During the trial operation, the operation management unit shall, jointly with the supervisor and the construction unit, focus on the following parts or lots: the retaining walls on both sides of the mountain fork road and the anti-jamming, intercepting ditch and hanging stones on the upper part of the retaining wall; Protective facilities on both sides of high fill subgrade and protective facilities at ultra-high corners; Anti-glare facilities, warning signs for special sections. In particular, it is necessary to focus on checking the speed limit sign on the ramp and try to move the speed limit sign forward to make it eye-catching. Temporary removal of guide signs should be carried out at the open road of the previous project, and as many open road signs and no-go signs as possible should be set up. At the end of the open road, a sand wall and a low wall painted with zebra stripes should be built to prevent the express train from rushing into the open road and causing major accidents.
3. Strictly check the safety of vehicles entering expressway.
Relevant departments should strengthen the education of drivers so that they can do it effectively. Before the vehicle enters expressway, carefully check whether the steering gear, brake and lighting device are in good condition and whether the fuel, cooling water and lubricating oil are sufficient. Check whether the radiator and water pipes are damaged and leaking, and whether the water tank cover is tightened. Check whether the fan wheel belt is damaged, whether the tightness is appropriate and whether the safety belt is in good condition. Check whether the tire pressure meets the standard, whether the nuts are tightened and whether the tire tread is worn. At the same time, you should bring fault warning signs and tools. The traffic safety inspection department should strictly inspect vehicles entering expressway, especially overloaded vehicles and vehicles with high center of gravity, to prevent such vehicles and vehicles with diseases from entering expressway.
4. Pay attention to the maintenance and management of special weather and special road sections.
In snowy weather, the snow in general sections of expressway is easy to form thin ice due to vehicle rolling, and the upper and lower ramps, mountain passes, ramps, bridges, culverts and passages are easy to freeze due to low road temperature. At this time, as soon as the snow stops, it is necessary to sprinkle salt or snow melting agent, and concentrate manpower and material resources to thoroughly clean it during the melting of snow and ice to prevent it from freezing again. Great attention should be paid to the great influence of secondary icing on driving safety. During heavy rain or rainstorm, water film is easy to form at the bottom of slope and bridge deck in expressway. Before the rainy season comes, more drainage grooves should be set on the original basis. The drainage holes on the bridge deck should be cleaned and dredged, so that the water in the bridge area can be removed smoothly. In foggy days, the contents of variable signs on the road should be adjusted in time. When the visibility is less than 50 meters, the relevant sections of expressway should be closed immediately, and vehicles should be guided by special vehicles to bypass the road or park in a safe place. It can also be released at intervals to control the traffic density, and the special car will guide the vehicles to keep the interval slow. Strengthen road patrol and contact the traffic police in time when problems are found. At the exits of tunnels, bridges and high embankments in expressway, sometimes the lateral wind force is strong, and the side faces of vans, buses and tarpaulins are subjected to large lateral force, which is prone to danger. For these sections, it is necessary to strengthen road cleaning, prevent the existence of items that endanger driving safety, and set up crosswind signs. Strengthen the daily maintenance of expressway and repair the potholes in time. Timely replacement of traffic facilities damaged in the accident. Strengthen the cleaning and greening work to achieve "unobstructed, clean and beautiful" and create comfortable conditions for safe driving.
5. Establish and improve expressway information system.
Study intelligent transportation system, and apply advanced detection, communication and computer technology to road traffic system. Based on the existing communication monitoring system in expressway, the information of road conditions, meteorology and traffic safety is shared, and the expressway information system based on information collection, traffic control and safety rescue command and dispatch center is established.
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