We should try our best to reduce secondary environmental disasters.
There are two kinds of environmental problems: one is the primary environmental problem caused by natural evolution and natural disasters, also known as the first environmental problem; The other is the secondary environmental problem caused by human activities, which is called secondary environmental problem. It is difficult to completely separate primary and secondary environmental problems, and they often influence and interact with each other.
The secondary disasters caused by earthquake mainly refer to the fire, flood, toxic gas leakage, radioactive material leakage and nuclear radiation caused by building collapse, landslide and pipeline rupture. In some earthquakes, the casualties and property losses caused by secondary disasters may exceed the direct losses caused by earthquakes. Wenchuan earthquake is a major environmental problem. According to seismologists, the secondary disasters caused by this earthquake are mainly geological disasters such as mudslides and landslides, but it has not caused obvious environmental disasters, which is a great misfortune. However, if we do not attach great importance to the possible secondary disasters, it may cause more serious consequences than the earthquake itself. At present, it is especially important to effectively prevent secondary environmental problems, ensure foolproof, prevent all kinds of sudden environmental pollution accidents, eliminate the harm of secondary environmental pollution to the maximum extent, and ensure people's lives and life safety.
Do a good job in earthquake safety evaluation
Under the premise that earthquake prediction is still a worldwide scientific problem, the key point to prevent secondary environmental pollution caused by earthquakes is to do well some construction projects involving environmentally sensitive projects, such as seismic safety evaluation of units and enterprises.
At present, some big cities in China have strict requirements for this work. Except for civil buildings, office buildings and other general buildings, there is no need for special seismic safety evaluation. For major construction projects and construction projects that may have serious secondary disasters, it is required to declare seismic safety evaluation to the earthquake department at the feasibility study stage. In addition, environmental infrastructure such as garbage disposal plants and sewage treatment plants are construction projects prone to secondary environmental disasters, and seismic safety evaluation must be carried out.
The Sichuan earthquake is a great test of the government's emergency response capability. Especially for how to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the earthquake as much as possible in the next step, relevant experts believe that the earthquake emergency plan should be launched as soon as possible, and all departments should be United to help earthquake relief.
To sum up, there are three points that can be said to be urgent. The first is to strengthen the investigation of hidden dangers and environmental supervision. For high-risk enterprises such as petrochemical and nuclear facilities, urban sewage treatment plants, landfills, tailings ponds, irradiation devices and other key facilities, it is necessary to guard against environmental pollution accidents; Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the emergency duty of these enterprises and institutions, implement emergency plans under the supervision and guidance of experts, and submit relevant information in time; In addition, it is necessary to strengthen emergency monitoring, closely monitor pollution, and focus on monitoring the water quality and atmospheric environmental quality in disaster areas. For those that may cause inter-basin pollution incidents, the relevant provincial and municipal environmental protection departments should establish an emergency linkage mechanism, strengthen information communication and do a good job in pollution prevention and control.
Learn from experience to deal with high temperature environment in earthquake area
At present, Sichuan has entered the summer, and how to deal with the post-disaster high temperature weather is also an important work to prevent environmental secondary disasters. In this regard, foreign countries have relevant experience for us to learn from.
Two common strategies used by local governments in the United States to predict and deal with overheated weather are: early warning system of overheated weather and cooling measures. When the overheated weather may pose a threat to public health, the overheated weather health early warning system will warn the public. These systems analyze the weather forecasts of the National Meteorological Administration and local governments through computer systems to predict dangerous weather conditions. Once an early warning is issued, the municipal health department will release relevant information to vulnerable groups such as the elderly and nursing institutions.
Several effective measures that city officials can use to warn citizens and provide direct help: issuing suggestions through the media; Open a telephone hotline; Issue warnings to volunteers, family members, relatives and friends in residential areas; Provide air-conditioned buildings and transport vehicles; Help the homeless; Cooperate with local elderly organizations to provide relevant education to vulnerable victims; City officials may also coordinate with local hydropower companies to ensure that users will not lose power in hot weather.
Communities can take two measures, using building materials that reflect sunlight and planting trees and plants to provide shade and natural cooling. These two measures can reduce the impact of urban heat island, and may also limit the frequency, length and intensity of heat wave. The temperature in the urban area is usually 2 degrees to 10 degrees higher than that in the suburbs.
Cooling strategies, such as using cold roofs that reflect heat, light-colored pavements and planting shade trees, have many advantages, including the following: lowering the ambient temperature; Slow down the atmospheric ozone pollution caused by heat; Reduce energy consumption; Increase comfort and improve living conditions.
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