Explanation: If the ing form of a verb is a noun, the word is called a gerund.
Features: the prototype of the verb +ing consists of nouns, and some features of the verb [edit this paragraph] 1. The function of gerund Gerund has the nature of noun, so it can be used as subject, predicative, object, attribute and so on. In a word.
1 as the subject
Reading is an art.
Mountain climbing is really interesting. Mountain climbing is really interesting.
Working under such conditions is not a pleasant thing, but a painful thing. Working under such working conditions is not pleasant, but painful.
Gerund is the subject, sometimes it is the formal subject first, and the gerund is placed at the end of the sentence. This usage is often used in idioms, such as:
Water under the bridge. Water under the bridge.
Persuading such people to join us is a waste of time. Persuading such people to join is a waste of time.
It is difficult to get on the crowded tram.
It's fun to play with children. It's good to play with children.
You can't joke about such things. This kind of thing is no joke.
Several types of gerund as subject
Gerund can serve as various sentence components that nouns can serve in sentences. Here we only discuss the case where gerund is the subject in the sentence.
Gerund as the subject has the following common situations:
1. Put it directly at the beginning of the sentence as the subject. For example:
Swimming is a good exercise in summer.
2. Use it as the formal subject and put the gerund (real subject) at the end of the sentence as the post-subject.
When gerund is used as the subject, it is not often used as the antecedent subject, but after some adjectives and nouns. For example:
It's no use telling him not to worry.
The adjectives commonly used in this structure are: better, wonderful, pleasant, interesting, stupid, different, useless, meaningless, valuable and so on.
Note: adjectives such as important, necessary and necessary cannot be used in the above structure.
3. Used in "There be" structure. For example:
There is no telling when he will come. It's hard to say when he will come back.
4. Ellipsis structure for notification form. For example:
No smoking.
No parking.
5. Compound structure with gerund as subject
When a gerund has its own logical subject, it can often be preceded by the possessive case of a noun or pronoun to form a compound structure of the gerund (at this time, the possessive case of a noun or pronoun is the logical subject of the gerund). The compound structure of gerund can also be used as the subject in a sentence. For example:
Their help is a great encouragement to us.
6. examples
Shopping, fishing and cycling are all common gerunds.
Secondly, the comparison between gerund as subject and infinitive as subject.
Both infinitive and gerund can be used as subjects. They have similar meanings, but gerunds are mostly used to express general or abstract actions, and infinitives are mostly used to express specific or specific actions. Comparison:
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
Edited on 2016-12-13.
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What is gerund?
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Is gerund a verb or a noun?
Gerund has the characteristics of both verbs and nouns, but it is a very special verb and noun. For example, gerund can be used as noun, subject and object, because it has the characteristics of nouns, but it does not have the changes of number and case like nouns; Gerund can be used as a verb, followed by an object, but it doesn't change the tense like a verb. As for gerund, the grammar book says gerund is another form of non-predicate verb. The form is the same as the present participle, and -ing is added at the end of the verb prototype. In modern grammar, these two forms are considered as "-ing". Another similarity between these two forms is that they are both variants of verbs, and both retain some characteristics of verbs. They can all bring their own objects and adverbials to form gerund phrases or present participle phrases as sentence components. I wish you a happy New Year's Day in advance. I hope it can be adopted. Thank you.
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What is gerund?
Random talk about English grammar-gerund Author: kohtp Talk about gerund You have heard that English grammar includes verbs and nouns; But have you ever heard of gerund? Before we say gerund, let's look at the following sentences: 1. The girl is singing. The girl who is singing is my sister. Singing is one of her hobbies. Sing all three sentences. The first sentence sings the simple present continuous tense, indicating what is being done at the moment; Singing in the second sentence is a present participle, which turns the verb "singing" into an adjective, but it still has a verb component (haha, it will confuse you:-). About word segmentation, let's talk about it later, okay? )。 The fun is yet to come. What exactly is the third sentence sung? So it is our protagonist gerund! You see, sing was originally a verb, but now it looks like a noun after adding ing. What, was it fun? So remember, don't think that after adding ing to a verb, it is the present continuous tense! Gerunds can be divided into two categories: 1. Nominal gerunds can be added with definite articles (such as the) or indefinite articles (such as a, an), and others can be added before the gerund, such as: my, this, some, any, all, no, etc. Examples are as follows: 1. The cheerful songs of birds announced the arrival of spring. (Add the article The before singing and the adjective melody before coming. When we heard a faint rustle in the bushes, we knew that the robber was nearby. From the above example, we can see how to turn verbs into nouns. But it is still different from real nouns, that is, there is no singular or plural. But some gerunds can become real nouns, such as saying, writing, opening, drawing, cutting, head, feeling, being, being, surrounding, crossing, and making mistakes. They can all be plural. The method is to add an s after them, such as painting. Please look at the following sentence: The teacher writes the composition carelessly. The writing in the above sentence is gerund, but there is an adverb in front of it and an object behind it. So writing has the characteristics of verbs. Note: You can't have any articles (the, a, an ...) before the verb gerund. Well, that's all for today. We will discuss gerunds more next time. If you are not afraid of dizziness, please try again, hehe! On gerund (2) Function and usage of gerund (1) as subject or subject complement in a sentence. : 1. 1 as the subject 1. Listening to music brings me happiness. (Topic Listening) 2. Running is good exercise. (title run) 3. It's a good idea to walk to school. (subject walking) 1.2 as the complement of the subject 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (Sleeping) 2. I'll believe that when I see it. (For the subject, see the supplementary letter) 1.3 The subject is placed at the end of the sentence 1.3. 1. Speaking English is very interesting. It is very important to oppose voting. On (pollution). 1.3.2 Use followed by no use. No, the sentence pattern of fun and others 1. It is useless to study theory without practice. It is not fun to get lost in the rain. 1 .3.3 after use it is useless, good-looking, good and interesting. It is worthwhile to take this into consideration. Use there+be+no+v-ing sentence pattern. What does it matter? 2. Don't get along well with him? Do you feel dizzy? Come again if you are not afraid. Goodbye. Second, gerund can also be used as an Object (object