First of all, accept the task, conduct field reconnaissance and collect information.
The relationship between the designer and Party A's father has been "love each other and kill each other" since ancient times. If you have a designer friend around you, you will be overwhelmed by his complaints and grievances ... Even so, as a designer (Party B), the first step is to communicate with your owner (Party A) ~
Party A usually invites one or several design units to design the scheme. As a designer, you should know the general situation of the whole project, including the construction scale and investment scale, especially his overall framework direction and basic implementation content, when you make initial contact with "Party A's dad", so as to correctly formulate the overall planning principles. Otherwise, you will suffer in the future ~
General owners will send personnel familiar with the situation of the base, accompany the chief planner to the site survey of the base, and collect the original data that must be mastered before planning and design. This information includes:
① Climatic conditions, including temperature, light, monsoon direction, hydrology, geological soil (pH, groundwater level), etc.
(2) Surrounding environment, main roads and traffic flow direction;
(3) The internal environment of the base, including the distribution of lakes, rivers and canals, as well as the topographic elevation and trend of each place.
Second, the preliminary overall concept and modification
After collecting data at the base site, it is necessary to sort out and summarize it in time ~ otherwise, if you forget those small details, it may lead to a big mistake.
Before you begin to conceive the master plan, you must carefully read the "design task book"/"design tender" provided by the owner. If you don't have enough time, read it several times, and you will eventually understand the "essence" of the design task book.
When designing the overall planning, we should conceive the overall positioning of the project proposed by the owner, and combine the abstract cultural connotation and deep implication to integrate the planning content in the design task book into the tangible planning composition.
The concept sketch is only a preliminary planning outline. Next, it is necessary to supplement and modify the sketch and the collected original data, and gradually clarify the specific positions of the entrance, square, road, lake, green space, architectural sketch, management room and other elements in the general plan. After this revision, the whole plan is more reasonable in function and more in line with the basic principles of landscape design in composition form-beauty and comfort (visually).
Third, the second revision plan, text production and packaging.
The concept of planning after preliminary modification is not a fully mature planning. At this time, you should listen to suggestions from all sides, and enhance the originality and vitality of the whole scheme through communication with all parties.
At this point, you must pay special attention to two points:
(1) only pays attention to the progress and blindly strives for quick results. Finally, the design content is simple and boring, and there is no new idea, and even other schemes are completely copied. The quality of the drawings is rough and does not meet the requirements of the design task book.
(2) The design concept has changed too much, spending too much time and energy to pursue the exquisite packaging of drawings, while ignoring the importance of the quality of planning itself. The scheme quality mentioned here refers to whether the planning principle is correct, whether the concept is innovative, whether the composition is reasonable, concise and beautiful, and whether it is operable.
When the whole scheme is finalized, it is necessary to make and package the pictures and texts. Write some main nodes of planning scheme description, investment framework (estimation) calculation and hydropower design into text parts; Assemble the planning plan, functional zoning map, green planting map, sketch design, panoramic perspective and local scenic spot perspective into drawings; Finally, a complete set of planning texts is formed.
Fourth, the owner's information feedback
After the owner gets the text of the scheme, he will generally give a reply in a short time. Some adjustment suggestions will be put forward in the reply, including modification, addition and deletion of project content, increase and decrease of investment scale, change of land use scope, etc.
You must listen carefully to the feedback from the owner! Otherwise, you may lose the trust of Party A and even lose the design task of this project.
Generally, the workload of adjusting the scheme is not as big as before, but don't underestimate it. The future scheme review meeting and construction drawing design are based on the adjustment scheme.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) scheme design review meeting
The expert review group organized by the relevant departments will hold an expert review (demonstration) meeting in one or several days. The people attending the meeting, in addition to experts in various fields, include leaders of project owners, leaders of relevant departments of cities and districts, project design leaders and main designers.
The project leader of the designer must make a comprehensive report to the leaders and experts on the project overview, overall design orientation, design principles, design contents, technical and economic indicators, total investment estimation and many other contents within a limited time, and the report should be as comprehensive, intuitive and targeted as possible. When reporting, it is advisable to clarify the design guiding ideology and design principles first, and then introduce the design layout and content. The introduction of design content must be closely combined with the design principles described above, and design principles and design content cannot be completely opposite.
A few days after the scheme review meeting, the designer will receive the review comments printed by the expert group. The person in charge of the design must read carefully, give a clear answer to every opinion, actively listen to the particularly meaningful expert opinions, and immediately implement them in the revised draft of the plan.
Sixth, the expansion of the preliminary design review meeting.
The designer carries out an in-depth extended preliminary design (hereinafter referred to as "extended preliminary design") in combination with the evaluation opinions of the expert group. In the extended text, there should be more detailed and in-depth general planning plane, general vertical design plane, general greening design plane, building sketch plane/vertical/profile (with main dimensions marked). In areas with particularly complex terrain, detailed section maps should be drawn. The ground elevation (road elevation, ground elevation, indoor ground elevation) and lake elevation (water surface elevation, pool bottom elevation) of several main spaces must be marked in the profile.
In the extended text, there should also be detailed water and electrical design instructions. If there are large-scale electricity and water facilities, the water supply and drainage and electrical design plan should be drawn.
In the initial design review meeting, experts' opinions will not be scattered as in the scheme review meeting, but will be more concentrated and targeted. The speech of the person in charge of the design should be concise and suit the remedy to the case. According to the opinions of experts at the scheme review meeting, the revised contents and measures are introduced in the expanded text. For places that have not been revised, it is necessary to fully explain the reasons and strive for the understanding of the expert judges. At the same time, multimedia technology should be used to explain as much as possible to make the design scheme more vivid and expressive.
Under normal circumstances, after the scheme design review meeting and the enlarged design review meeting, the overall planning plane and specific design contents can pass the review smoothly, laying a good foundation for the construction drawing design. Generally speaking, the more detailed the initial expansion design, the more labor-saving the construction drawing design.
Seven, base reconnaissance, construction drawing design.
In the first step, we talked about reconnaissance of the base. There are at least three differences between the base reconnaissance discussed here and the previous ones:
1, the scope of participants is expanded. I used to be the design project leader and chief designer. This time, designers of architecture, structure and water and electricity should be added.
2. The reconnaissance depth is different. The previous survey was a rough survey, and this time it was a fine survey.
3, master the latest and changing base. The interval between the previous reconnaissance and this reconnaissance is very long, and the situation on the spot will definitely change. We must find out and study the changing factors that have great influence on the future design, and then adjust the subsequent construction drawing design.
At present, the time limit for many large projects and key projects in cities and districts is quite tight. Often, the final completion date is determined first, and then the construction progress is pushed backwards from back to front. This requires designers to break the conventional plotting procedure and implement the plotting method of "plotting first". Generally speaking, in the construction drawing design of large-scale landscape green space, the drawings urgently needed by the construction party include: ① general plane positioning map (commonly known as grid map); ② Vertical design drawings (commonly known as earthwork topographic maps); ③ Some major large sections; (4) earthwork balance table (including total incoming quantity and total excavation quantity); ⑤ General layout of water supply, drainage and pipe network and list of main materials; ⑥ Electrical general layout and system diagram.
These drawings completed earlier should be combined in two ways: ① All professional drawings should be consistent and self-evident; (2) There should be accurate contact and continuous relationship between various professional drawings and drawings completed successively in the future.
In addition to the above-mentioned various construction drawings, there are also individual architectural sketches, including the construction drawings of buildings, structures and water and electricity.
Eight, construction drawing budget preparation
Strictly speaking, the preparation of construction drawing budget is not one of the design steps, but it is inextricably linked with the project itself, so it is necessary to briefly describe it.
The construction drawing budget is based on the budget estimate in the preliminary expansion design. The budget includes the engineering cost of all design projects in the construction drawing. Including: the total cost of earthwork and topography, the total longitudinal cost of architectural sketches, the total cost of roads and squares, the total cost of greening projects, and the total cost of hydropower installation projects.
According to the author's design project experience, there is often a big discrepancy between the construction drawing budget and the final project settlement. Among them, there are many reasons, and the most influential ones are: the increase or decrease of engineering projects in the construction process, the adjustment of engineering time limit, the change of geological conditions within the engineering scope, the change of material selection and so on. The preparation of the construction drawing budget belongs to the work of the cost engineer, but the project leader should always have a degree of project budget control in mind, and contact the cost engineer in time when necessary to make the construction budget reflect the investment situation of the whole project as accurately as possible.
It is true that the final effect of a project depends largely on investment control. As the person in charge of the project, it is the responsibility to consider the owner, objectively adjust measures to local conditions, subjectively give play to the wisdom of various professional designers, and control investment in the design process. We should know that the good landscape effect after the completion of the whole project is the embodiment of the combination of excellent design and scientific and reasonable construction under certain financial guarantee.
Nine, construction drawing disclosure
After getting the construction design drawings, the owner will contact the supervisor and the constructor to check and read the construction drawings. Looking at the picture belongs to the overall grasp, and reading the picture belongs to the understanding of specific design nodes and detailed drawings.
After that, the owner will take the lead in organizing the design, supervision and construction personnel to conduct the construction drawing design disclosure meeting. At the disclosure meeting, the owner, the supervisor and the construction party put forward various professional problems found after looking at the pictures, and various professional designers answered them. Generally speaking, the owners' problems mostly involve overall coordination and convergence; The problems of supervision and construction often refer to the concrete implementation of design nodes and details. The two sides have different emphases. Because the above three parties are well prepared, some problems are often the key nodes in the construction, so the designers should make full preparations before the disclosure meeting, and try to reply on the spot in combination with the design drawings at the meeting. If the site can't answer, go back and think about it and reply as soon as possible.
X. cooperation of designers in construction
In the process of engineering construction, the designer's on-site construction cooperation is essential. This link is very important to the designer and the project itself.
The owner strives for perfection in engineering quality and shortens the construction period again and again, which requires designers to go to the construction site frequently in the process of engineering construction to solve the design problems exposed in the construction site and the coordination between design and construction. For some major projects, the whole construction cycle is already quite urgent, and the owners generally adopt the method of "designing while constructing". For this kind of project, designers should often go to the construction site and make the most reasonable and fastest design in combination with objective terrain, geology and surface conditions.
As the saying goes, "three points design, seven points construction". How to make the design of "three points" fully reflect and integrate into the construction of "seven points" to produce "ten points" landscape effect? This is the purpose of designer's construction cooperation.
I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of the 10 steps of landscape planning and design. Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.
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