The president is elected by 300 presidential electors. The qualifications of voters, candidates, election methods, voting procedures and replacement of alternate voters in the presidential election shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current parliamentary election law.
The election of presidential electors should be held on June+10/5 and 16, 65438. The elected presidential electors met on February 15 of the same year and elected the president by secret ballot under the auspices of the Prime Minister. Any candidate who gets more than half of the votes is declared elected. If no candidate gets more than half of the votes, a second round of voting should be held immediately. If no candidate still obtains an absolute majority, a third ballot will be held for the two candidates who obtained the most votes in the second ballot. If the votes are equal, the winner will be decided by drawing lots.
If a member of parliament is elected president, his term of office should be terminated. If a national civil servant is elected president, he shall be deemed to have resigned from his original post.
If the date stipulated in the third paragraph of this article falls on a Sunday or a public holiday, it shall be postponed to the next day, as shall other provisions of this Constitution.
Article 24 The President took office on March 1 of the year of his election, and was formally sworn in in Parliament on the same day. The oath is as follows:
"I (full name), elected by the Finnish people as the President of the Republic of Finland, hereby swear that I will faithfully abide by and safeguard the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Finland and make every effort to improve the welfare of the Finnish people."
Article 25 (1956165438+1revised on October 9)
When the President is unable to perform his duties, the Prime Minister shall temporarily act as President; If the Prime Minister is also unable to perform his duties, the minister acting as Prime Minister according to the provisions of Article 39 shall act as President. If the president is unable to perform his duties for a long time, a new presidential election should be held as soon as possible, and the elected new president should take office immediately.
During the period when the Prime Minister or Minister is acting as Chairman People's Republic of China (PRC), if the Prime Minister or Minister is a member of parliament, he will not perform the duties of a member of parliament.
Article 26. In order to perform his duties, the president should receive an annual salary, the amount of which is prescribed by law. The annual salary of the president shall not be increased or decreased during his term of office.
Article 27 The President has the power to convene a special session of the Parliament, issue orders for parliamentary elections, announce the convening and closing of the Parliament, order the re-election of the Parliament and declare the dissolution of the Parliament.
Article 28 Unless otherwise stipulated in this Constitution, within the scope authorized by the State Council, the President may issue orders on the following matters: matters previously stipulated by administrative regulations and detailed rules for the implementation of laws, the management of state property, the organization and activities of administrative organs and institutions, etc. However, the above order shall not contain provisions or provisions to amend the law.
The provisions of the second paragraph of Article 20 on the formulation of legal procedures also apply to the above-mentioned orders.
Article 29 After consulting the Supreme Court, the President has the right to decide on pardon, exemption from punishment or commutation of sentence. However, the pardon of cabinet members or the director of justice must be carried out in accordance with the existing special regulations. Amnesty shall not be decided unless there are specific provisions in the law.
The president has the right to decide to waive the provisions of applicable laws within the scope permitted by law.
Article 30 The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Armed Forces. In time of war, the president can authorize others to command.
Article 3 1 The President may grant Finnish citizenship to foreign citizens and may authorize Finnish citizens to renounce their citizenship.
Article 32 The President supervises the administration of the country. To this end, the President may require the heads of government departments, agencies or management agencies to submit reports and may send people to conduct inspections.
Article 33 The President decides Finland's foreign relations. However, according to the provisions of this Constitution, treaties concluded with foreign countries containing provisions on matters that fall within the scope of legislation or require the approval of Parliament shall be submitted to Parliament for approval. The president has the right to declare war or make peace with the consent of parliament.
Documents exchanged between the President and representatives of foreign countries or Finland abroad must be conveyed through the minister in charge of foreign affairs.
Article 34 president shall make a decision at the the State Council meeting on the basis of the reports of relevant ministers.
The president's decision needs to be signed by the president and countersigned by the relevant ministers before it can take effect. However, the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to the matters mentioned in Articles 32 to 47.
If the President decides to involve all members of the State Council, it shall be countersigned by the members of the State Council who are responsible for preparing the report.
The report on military command and appointment of officers and the countersignature method decided by the President shall be stipulated separately.
The countersigner decided by the President shall be responsible for whether the format of the document is correct.
Article 35 If any minister finds that the President's decision is in conflict with the law, he shall immediately notify the State Council, and the State Council shall handle it according to the provisions of Article 45. If the minister concerned thinks that the president's decision conflicts with the Constitution, he should refuse to countersign it.
Article 36 Members of the State Council shall be selected and appointed by the President from Finnish citizens born in Finland with both ability and political integrity, and shall gain the trust of the Parliament. The Minister of Justice and Administration and at least one other minister must be a person with legal education.
Article 37 There shall be a Director of Justice in the State Council, and the Director of Justice shall be a person who is proficient in law. There is also a deputy director of justice to assist the director of justice and act as the director of justice when necessary.
Thirty-eighth the State Council according to the needs of administrative management, composed of cadres. Each department has a minister in charge of the affairs of the department.
The number of ministries and their general terms of reference are stipulated by law, but the detailed rules of division of labor and other related matters among ministries organized by the State Council are stipulated by order.
Article 39 (1956165438+1revised on October 9)
The Prime Minister presided over the the State Council meeting. When the Prime Minister is unable to attend, the acting Prime Minister designated by President People's Republic of China (PRC) shall preside over it; If the acting prime minister is unable to attend, the highest-ranking minister will preside over it. President People's Republic of China (PRC) attended and presided over the the State Council meeting.
According to the provisions of Article 25 of this Law, when the Prime Minister or other ministers act as Chairman People's Republic of China (PRC), they may not simultaneously exercise the duties of ministers.
Fortieth matters submitted to the State Council shall be handled by the plenary session, except those entrusted to the relevant ministers for decision by order.
The quorum for a meeting of the Council of State is five.
Article 41 the State Council implements the President's decision and makes decisions on matters that are within the scope of the State Council's functions and powers according to law, as well as matters that are not stipulated in this Constitution and other laws and should be decided by the President or entrusted to ministers or subordinate organs.
Matters concerning judicial administration, the University of Helsinki and military affairs that are not under the jurisdiction of the State Council shall be separately stipulated by regulations.
Article 42 If the State Council has doubts about whether it belongs to its own jurisdiction, it shall be decided by President People's Republic of China (PRC).
Article 43 Members of the State Council shall be responsible to the Parliament for their own affairs.
The members attending the the State Council meeting are collectively responsible for the matters discussed and decided by the State Council, except that the minutes of the meeting indicate that they raise objections.
Forty-fourth matters discussed in the State Council, the competent authorities must make preparations in advance.
Ministries supervise the activities of administrative organs within their respective functions and duties, and take measures to implement laws, orders and the State Council resolutions.
Article 45 When the State Council finds that the presidential decision entrusted to the State Council is in conflict with the law, he shall, after consulting the Chief Justice, suggest the President to cancel or modify his decision. If the President sticks to his original decision, the State Council should declare it unenforceable.
Article 46 The Chief Justice shall supervise all organs and officials to abide by the law, perform their duties and protect people's rights from infringement.
The Chief Justice exercises the functions of the prosecutor of the Supreme Court and the prosecutor of the Supreme Administrative Court in order to safeguard the national interests. When he thinks it necessary, he or his designated personnel will initiate public prosecution in other courts. As the highest prosecutor, the Chief Justice supervises other prosecutors, and other prosecutors must implement his decisions.
Article 47 If the State Council and his members violate the law in the course of performing their duties, the Chief Justice shall put forward opinions and point out the violations. If the Chief Justice's objection is not accepted, he shall include his opinion in the minutes of the Council of State. If the above-mentioned illegal acts of members of the Council of State should be prosecuted by the Special High Court mentioned in Article 59, and with the consent of the President, they should be prosecuted by the Chief Justice. If the president thinks that there is no need to prosecute, the director of justice has the right to report the case directly to the parliament. If the President decides to sue the Minister of Justice, the case shall be filed by the person designated by the President.
If the President violates the law in the exercise of his duties, the Minister of Justice shall make recommendations to him in accordance with the above provisions. If the Attorney General or the Council of State commits treason, they should report to Parliament. If the Parliament decides to impeach the President by a 3/4 majority vote of all the members, the Chief Justice shall file a public prosecution with the Supreme Court, and during this period, the President shall cease to perform his duties. In addition to the above provisions, the president shall not be impeached for all administrative acts.
Article 48 The Chief Justice shall submit an annual report to the President and Parliament, explaining the measures he has taken and his opinions on the implementation of the law.
The Chief Justice shall provide information or suggestions for consultations between the President and the Council of State. Article 49 (amended on April 26th, 1957)
Each parliament elects a famous jurist as the judicial representative of the parliament in accordance with the procedure of electing the speaker for a term of four years. According to the instructions of the parliament, the judicial representatives of the parliament supervise the compliance of the courts and other organs at all levels with the law. There is also a deputy judicial representative whose term of office and election procedures are the same as those of judicial representatives. When the legal agent is unable to handle the affairs, the deputy legal agent shall act as the agent.
Parliamentary judicial representatives enjoy the same rights as judicial directors in attending meetings of the State Council and judicial administrative organs at all levels, and have the right to consult the minutes of meetings of the State Council and its ministries and judicial administrative organs at all levels, and prosecute dereliction of duty according to law.
The judicial representative shall submit an annual report to the parliament, explaining his performance, judicial situation and what he thinks are legislative omissions.
Article 50 Finland is still divided into several provinces, towns and rural cities for ease of administration.
The number of provinces shall not be changed except in accordance with the law. Changes in other administrative divisions shall be decided by the State Council unless otherwise provided by law.
When adjusting administrative divisions, we should try our best to make the newly demarcated administrative regions only include people who use the same language (Finnish or Swedish), or make ethnic minorities who use other languages account for a very small number in the region.
Fifty-first province has a governor, who is responsible for the administrative work of the province.
The administrative management of rural cities should implement local autonomy in accordance with the provisions of the special law. The way and scope of local autonomy in cities larger than rural areas shall be prescribed by law. When delineating the boundaries of these areas, the provisions of Article 50, paragraph 3, shall also apply.
Article 52 The existing government departments and the departments to be established in the future according to the needs of state administration shall be stipulated by special laws and regulations.