The third paragraph of the 1999 Shanghai test paper Modern Chinese just mentioned is about "life". The first sentence of the article says: "I dare not say what life is, I can only say what life is like." The first sentence of the second section says: "Life is like a river flowing eastward." The first sentence of the third section says, "Life is like a small tree." You see, if you grasp the key sentences at the beginning of the article and the opening sentences of each section, is it still difficult to get one of the main ideas of this article-"the connotation of life"?
Second, analyze the characteristics of people, things and things, and grasp the author's emotional tendency.
The main idea of prose is generally reflected by the description of emotion, scenery, people, things and things. Therefore, to grasp the author's emotional tendency, it is necessary to understand what the article describes, who to remember, what scenery to write and what it looks like. Specifically, there are roughly the following methods:
1. Grasp the scenery description and understand the center of the article.
Writing a story is inseparable from environmental description. Accurate scenery description can contrast the character and emotion of the task, explain the background of the character's activities, render a certain atmosphere, naturally point out the meaning of the problem and reveal the center. For example, there is a description of Mr. Lu's reading in Lu Xun's Blessing. Through the word "shou", a half-disassembled couplet and a pile of incomplete Kangxi dictionaries, the stale and declining atmosphere is exaggerated, suggesting that the owner of the study is a conservative, stubborn, hypocritical and cold feudal defender. It is conceivable that Xianglinsao spent the rest of her life in such an environment. Then the feudal ethics destroyed Xianglinsao, showing such a theme. An article by the famous Austrian writer Zweig was selected from the 1997 Shanghai college entrance examination paper, entitled "Enlightenment from Rodin" (see Annex 2). The eighth section describes Rodin's studio in detail. The studio of such a great artist is so simple that there is nothing but what is needed for work. This shows Rodin's concentration and enthusiasm for his works, which makes a strong contrast for expressing the main idea of the article.
2. Find the clues of the article and understand the theme of the work:
No matter how long an article is, whether it is about one person or many people, there is a clue that runs through the article. If we find the clues of the article, we can sort out the context of the article and understand the theme of the work. For example, the familiar French Mo Bosang's novel The Necklace. This novel takes the necklace as a clue, connecting the whole story from the process of Mrs. Loizai asking for the necklace because she needs to attend the dance to the process of borrowing the necklace, losing it and finally returning it. In the meantime, the language, activities, personality, thoughts and feelings of the task are vividly displayed in this clue, which reflects the exposure of the novel to the luxury and fashion of the French upper class at that time and the harm caused by bourgeois vanity. There was an article entitled "Clogs" on the national examination paper a few years ago (see Appendix 3). Later, it was widely used in various test papers in Shanghai. This paper tells the story of two generations of fathers and sons in remote rural areas after the reform and opening up through an ordinary clogs with rice, oil and salt in rural areas. As long as we find this clue, we can understand the theme that the backward production methods and living habits have firmly bound the thoughts of this countryside and farmers.
3. Grasp the details and the main idea of the article.
The details in the article always obey the main idea of the article. People and things closely related to the theme should be carefully portrayed, described in detail and laid out as much as possible, otherwise they can be ignored and ignored. The treatment of details in narrative implies the author's writing intention and central direction. Therefore, grasping the details is also an effective way to grasp the main idea of the article. For example, in Blessing, Mr. Lu Xun described the following two plots in detail: First, he wrote that after she married a mountain man for the second time, her husband died of typhoid fever and her only son was taken away by a wolf. She told the story of her child Amao to everyone everywhere (which is why we still call the person who likes nagging and telling one thing over and over again Xianglin), and people also changed from sympathy, indifference and disgust to fear of avoidance. The second is to write the whole process of her crossing the threshold of donation after listening to Liu Ma's words, and the fact that she was loudly reprimanded and sacrificed by Sisao for not letting Sisao touch her hands. These two examples are the most detailed parts of the novel, because they are the root cause of Xianglinsao's death, which is the theme of the novel-feudal ethics, superstition and indifferent society eating people! Section 9 to section 12 of Zweig's article "The Revelation of Rodin" mentioned above is the detailed part of the full text, and the 25th question of the college entrance examination asked to write three functions of this detailed part. Of course, one of the functions is to highlight the main idea of the article.
Of course, there are other ways to grasp the main idea of prose. Due to the limitation of time and conditions, I mainly talked about the above two methods for the reference of the majority of candidates. Thank you!
Attachment 1:
(3) Read the following and complete the question 13- 19 (20 points).
I dare not say what life is, I can only say what life is like.
Life is like a river flowing eastward, it originates from the highest place, and ice and snow are his predecessors. He gathered many small streams, synthesized a powerful Hong Tao, and ran down. He zigzagged through the hanging rock and cut the wall; Scour the next layer of sand. He carried the rolling sand and stones on his back and ran away happily and bravely, enjoying everything he encountered along the way. Sometimes he meets resistance from the rocky front. He rushed up angrily, growling and spinning, and was urged by the ups and downs of the waves. It was not until he passed and rushed down the steep cliff that he calmly jumped thousands of miles. Sometimes, he walks through the thin flat sand and the grass in the sunset and sees the red peach blossoms on the shore. He was happy and shy, flowing quietly, singing in a low voice, and spent this romantic journey gently. Sometimes, when he encounters a storm, it will stimulate his mind and soul, and it will thunder. The strong wind blew him up and the heavy rain hit him. He was temporarily confused and uneasy, but after the rain cleared, it just gave him a lot of new strength. Sometimes he will meet the sunset glow and the new moon, shine on him, cast a shadow on him, and bring some faint warmth in the cold. At this moment, he just wants to have a rest and sleep, but the force of progress is still urging him to move forward ... Finally, one day, he saw the sea from a distance, oh! He has reached the end of his trip. The sea made him hold his breath and bowed his head. How vast and great she is! How bright and dark! The sea solemnly extended its arms to receive him, and he silently flowed into her arms. He has melted and naturalized, and he is not happy or sad! Maybe one day, he will rise from the bitter raindrops on the sea, fly to the west, form a river, run to the stone walls on both sides and look for peach blossoms on the shore. However, I dare not say the afterlife, and I can't believe it.
Life is like a small tree. It gathered a lot of vitality from the ground, stretched for a long time under the ice and snow, and bravely and cheerfully broke out of the wet soil in early spring. It may grow on the plains, on rocks and on city walls, as long as he looks up and sees the sky. I saw it. Oh, my God! he
Young leaves come out to absorb the air, bear the sunshine, sing in the south and dance in the wind. He may be covered by the shade of a big tree, or he may be covered by a big tree. The power of youth growth finally made him break away from the leaves and stand up in the hot sun! When he meets luxurious spring, he may be full of flowers, bees and butterflies flying around him, birds singing on his branches, and he will hear orioles singing, cuckoos weeping for blood, and even strange songs of owls. In middle age, he spread his thick shade like a cover and came to the flowers and plants under the tree. He bears countless fruits, showing the endless sweetness and fragrance of the earth. The autumn wind began, blowing his leaves from dark green to deep red. In the autumn sunshine, he will have another solemn glory, not the pride of flowering, nor the happiness of results, but the tranquility and joy after success! Finally, one day, the north wind in winter rolled off his yellow leaves and shook them. He danced feebly in the air and groaned under the roots. The earth solemnly stretched out its hips to attract him, and he fell silently in her arms. He was melted and naturalized. He is not happy or sad! Maybe one day, he will emerge from the nuts in the ground, grow into a small tree, walk through the dense jungle and listen to the songs of orioles, but I dare not say and don't believe in the afterlife.
The universe is a big life, and we are a breath in the cosmic atmosphere. When the river flows into the sea, leaves fall back to their roots. We are a leaf in a big life, a drop in a big life. In the great life of the universe, how humble and insignificant we are, the activities of one drop and one leaf synthesize the evolution and operation of the whole universe.
Remember: not every river can enter the sea, those that don't flow will become dead lakes, not every seed will be useful, and those that don't grow will become empty shells!
Life is not always happy, nor is it always painful. Happiness and pain complement each other. It means that waterways have to pass through different banks, and trees have to pass through ever-changing seasons. In happiness, we thank life, in pain, we also thank life. Happiness is exciting, but pain is not beautiful!
13. The second paragraph tells us that in the course of life, no matter adversity (such as encountering rock resistance; In the event of a storm, or in good times (for example, after a fine sand is leveled, you will meet the sunset glow and the new moon), and you must move forward. (Answer with this paragraph) (3 points) 14. The most appropriate word to fill in the blanks in the third paragraph is (2 points) A. shady B. lush C. shady D. lush
15. The third paragraph is in the order of description. (2 points)
16. Find a rhetorical question, a antithesis sentence and a parallelism sentence in the text. (6 points) (1) rhetorical question (2) antithesis sentence (3) parallelism sentence
17. The function of the fifth natural paragraph is (2 points)
A. Make the article more rigorous and comprehensive. B. Make the article more vivid.
C. Make the article more fluent D. Make the article more general and concise
18. The article compares life to rivers and small trees, indicating that life is a process. (2 points) 19. The most appropriate summary of the writing intention of this article is (3 points) A. Explain the connotation of life and point out how to treat life. B. explain what life is and what the course of life is like. C. Explain that happiness and pain complement each other in the process of life development. D. ask people to cherish and appreciate a life full of happiness and pain.
(1999 Shanghai Chinese Test for National College Entrance Examination) Attachment 2:
(2) Read the following and answer questions 23-28 (17).
I was about 25 years old, studying and writing in Paris. Many people praise my published articles, some of which I like, but I deeply feel that I can write better, although I am not sure where the crux lies.
Then, a great man gave me great inspiration. That seemingly insignificant thing turned out to be the key to my life.
(3) Once, in the home of Pierre Harlan, a famous Belgian writer, an old painter talked about the decline of sculpture art. I was young and talkative, and repeatedly opposed his opinion, thinking that Rodin was really comparable to Michelangelo.
However, when Verharun took me to see Rodin the next day, I couldn't say a word. Because when they are talking, I feel like an unnecessary uninvited guest.
However, the greatest man is the kindest after all. When we said goodbye, Rodin turned to me and said, "I thought you might like to see my sculpture." Can you come to Maidong to have dinner with me on Sunday? "
In Rodin's simple villa, we sat at a small table and had a light meal. Soon, he was gentle, inspired me and relieved my anxiety.
In his studio, Rodin put on a rough work clothes, as if he had become a worker. He stopped at a bench.
⑧ "This is my latest work." Say that finish, he uncovered the wet cloth, revealing a clay sculpture of a female body, very beautiful. "This is over." I think.
Pet-name ruby he stepped back, and then whispered, "the lines on this shoulder are still too thick. I'm sorry ... "10 He picked up the scraper and sawdust, and gently slid on the soft soil, giving the muscles a softer luster. His strong hands are moving and his eyes are shining. "And there ... and there ..." He revised it again. He walked back. He turned the bench around and looked at it again and again. Sometimes, his eyes shine with joy; Sometimes, his eyebrows hurt. He pinched a small piece of clay, stuck it on the elephant, and then scraped it off.
1 1 Half an hour later, at one o'clock ... he didn't say a word to me again. He forgot everything except the higher form of image he wanted to create. He is absorbed in his work, just like the God who created the world. 12 finally, he dropped the scraper and covered a portrait of a woman on the wet cloth. So he turned and walked to the door.
13 At this moment, he remembered something and immediately turned to look at me. He was obviously frustrated with his rudeness. "I'm sorry, sir, I completely forgot about you, but you know …" I held his hand gratefully. 14 that afternoon in Maidong, I learned more than all the time at school. From then on, I know what human work must do if it is beautiful and valuable. I have learned the secrets of all art and great achievements-concentration, concentration when completing a big or small career, and being able to concentrate on one thing easily. 15 So, I realized what I lacked in my work so far-the kind of enthusiasm that can make people forget everything except the pursuit of complete will. A person must be able to completely immerse himself in his work. There are no other secrets-I just know them now.