First, the background of China's construction project supervision system
The new China project construction management mode has roughly experienced four stages: self-management, tripartite management, centralized management and modern management.
The first stage. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the construction unit mainly operated by itself.
The second stage. 1953 to 1965, learn from the model of the former Soviet Union and implement the tripartite system of Party A, Party B and Party C with the construction unit as the main body.
The third stage. From 1965 to 1984, many large and medium-sized projects have adopted the way of building headquarters, separating the functions of managing construction from those of managing production, and concentrating the management rights of building engineering design, procurement and construction in the headquarters.
The fourth stage. In the 1980s, with the comprehensive development of China's economic system reform, the highly centralized planned economic system was broken, and a series of major changes took place in the field of engineering construction:
(1) The investors are diversified from countries to countries, enterprises and individuals, and the investment is paid;
(2) The construction mode has changed from self-organization of the construction unit to market-oriented contracting;
(3) The construction task is changed from national distribution to enterprise bidding and contracting;
(four) materials and equipment supplied to the market from the state plan; (5) Architecture has changed from a product to a commodity.
Second, the development process of China construction project supervision
(1) pilot stage (1988 ~ 1992). 1On July 25th, 988, the Ministry of Construction issued the Notice on Carrying out Construction Supervision, proposing to establish a construction supervision system with China characteristics. In the same year,1October 28th, 165438, the Ministry of Construction issued "Several Opinions on Carrying out the Pilot Work of Construction Supervision", and decided to carry out the pilot construction supervision system in eight cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Tianjin, Ningbo, Shenyang, Harbin and Shenzhen, as well as hydropower and highway systems such as energy and transportation. 19911216 Minister Hou Jie of the Ministry of Construction pointed out at the national construction work conference that the pilot work of construction supervision has been carried out in 25 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and 15 industrial transportation departments, and the implementation of supervision projects has achieved remarkable results in improving quality, shortening construction period and reducing costs.
(2) stable development stage (1993 ~ 1995). From 65438 to 0992, China formulated a series of rules and regulations for engineering supervision, including the Trial Measures for Qualification Management of Construction Supervision Units, the Trial Measures for Qualification Examination and Registration of Supervision Engineers, and the Notice on Issuing Relevant Provisions on Construction Supervision Fees. By the end of 1992, the transportation authorities of 28 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and 20 industries in the State Council have successively carried out construction supervision, and supervised 1636 projects with an investment of 239.6 billion yuan. 1993, at the fifth national conference on construction supervision, the Ministry of Construction comprehensively summed up the successful experience of supervision pilot, and according to the needs of the development of the situation and the current situation of supervision work in the country, deployed all the work to end the pilot and turn to the stage of steady development. 1995 10, the Ministry of Construction and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce issued the model text of the project construction supervision contract; 65438+ In February of the same year, the Ministry of Construction and the State Planning Commission issued the Regulations on Engineering Construction Supervision.
(3) Full implementation stage (since 1996). Since 1996, the construction project supervision system has been fully implemented throughout the country. 1 997165438+1October1The 28th meeting of the 8th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the "Building Law of People's Republic of China (PRC)". Article 3 of the Building Law stipulates that the state promotes the construction project supervision system. This is the first time that China has stipulated engineering supervision in the form of law. The Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects (Order No.279 of the State Council) promulgated and implemented on June 30th, 2000 has made specific provisions on the quality responsibilities and obligations of engineering supervision units. The Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects (Order No.393 of the State Council), which came into effect on February/KLOC-0, 2004, stipulates that the project supervision unit shall undertake the supervision responsibility of work safety in construction projects. By the end of February 65438+ in 2009, there were more than 5,867 supervision enterprises in China, including 55 with comprehensive qualifications, 2,050 with Grade A and 3,762 with Grade B and below, with more than 560,000 registered supervision engineers 1 10000 employees. The supervision work covers housing construction, municipal public works, smelting, petrochemical industry, water conservancy and hydropower, electric power, highway, port and shipping, communication and other types of engineering projects.
Third, the development trend of construction project supervision in China
(1) The construction of regulatory system is improving day by day. Compulsory supervision in the construction stage will still occupy a dominant position for a period of time, but the degree of marketization will gradually increase; Supervision regulations are being worked out.
(2) The supervision market demand will maintain a certain steady growth. Investment in fixed assets in China's construction industry is an important factor to maintain China's economic growth. For a long time, the development of various regions and industries will still rely on investment in fixed assets.
(3) The social responsibility of the supervision industry will continue to increase. The social responsibility of engineering supervision will be paid more and more attention, and will be strengthened as a supplement to the government supervision responsibility.
(4) The organizational structure of supervision industry is more optimized. The organizational structure of engineering supervision industry will gradually become reasonable, large-scale supervision enterprises will gradually have the ability of whole-process project management service, and small and medium-sized enterprises will gradually form professional, precise, special and precise service characteristics.
(5) Supervision service products will tend to be diversified. The demand of engineering supervision market tends to be diversified, and supervision enterprises will gradually form diversified service products such as whole process, integration,1+x 0+x.
(6) The competition of high-quality supervision talents will become fierce. The shortage of high-quality talents required by industry and market will become the bottleneck of the development of supervision enterprises. The construction of high-quality talent team is the key to the development of supervision industry.
(7) The importance of supervision informatization construction is increasingly apparent. The informatization construction of supervision industry will continue to accelerate, and modern management methods such as computers will become more popular. Knowledge management has become an important means for supervision enterprises to improve their supervision service level and enhance their competitiveness.
(8) The internationalization of supervision industry will continue to accelerate. Engineering supervision will gradually integrate with international engineering consulting, and the degree of nationalization of engineering supervision will continue to improve.
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