summary
Although the legend of butterfly lovers is well known, few people know where the hometown of butterfly lovers is and how many versions of butterfly lovers are there in China. According to the relevant personnel of China Folk Association, there are about 10 places in China that call themselves "the hometown of Liang Zhu". There are also different stories about "Liang Zhu" in several places that jointly declare "World Heritage".
Fengqiu edition
Qinglingtai is located in Qingdui, 25 miles northeast of fengqiu county. During the Warring States Period, when King Kang of Song traveled by car, he saw a mulberry picking girl who was born with beauty and wanted to be his concubine, which made people know that she was Han Ping's wife and family. In order to visit the Xi family, King Kang of Song ordered the construction of the Qing Tomb to show his respect. Xi's fear made him write a song to refuse it, and Han Ping committed suicide by casting a platform. King Kang of Song buried them separately, and a catalpa tree (also known as acacia tree) grew in each of the last two tombs, with roots at the bottom and branches at the top. There is a pair of mandarin ducks, a male and a female, moaning in a permanent tree and then turning into butterflies. According to textual research, the plot of Liang Zhu becoming a butterfly originated from this.
Runan edition
The story of Liang Zhu circulated in Runan is quite complete, and the plot is roughly similar to the general statement circulated in the whole country, but the earliest version of The Legend of Liang Zhu dates back to the Western Jin Dynasty. The legend here is different from the general saying, that is, it is the most unique in Runan version and deserves further study. The main plot of Liang Zhu's story has corresponding places in Runan, such as the birthplaces of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, Caoqiao where Cao Qiao was worshipped, Luohong Academy where Liang Zhu was a classmate, Mazhuang where Zhu Yingtai was forced to get married, and the graves of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai. Liang Zhu's classmates read * * * but were not buried together. Liang Zhu's tomb was built separately, and everyone has his own tomb. Now there is a "Prince Temple" in Runan where Liang Zhu studies, also called "Luo Hongshan". It is said that there used to be a "Luohong College" here. Legend has it that the well where Liang Zhu carried water on Luohong Mountain is still there, and there is a monument beside it, which reads "Zhu Liangjing".
Runan Edition tells the story that Liang Shanbo and Liang Zhu were classmates for three years in the Western Jin Dynasty, but they failed to see their daughter's body. Before Liang Shanbo died, he asked his family to bury himself by the road where Zhu Yingtai's wedding sedan chair passed, so that he could see Zhu Yingtai get married. Zhu Yingtai learned that he was married in mourning, and when he passed by Liang Shanbo's grave, he offered to get off the sedan chair to pay homage. As a result, he was killed in front of the willow tree while people were unprepared.
The Central Plains is rich in culture and rich in folk literature and art.. Runan, located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, has a leading natural and cultural atmosphere. As far as Maxiang Town in runan county is concerned, Henan Opera, Quju Opera, Yuediao and folk songs are all circulating here. Naturally, these local arts will sing Liang Zhu's stories, such as Henan Opera Liang Shanbo Going Down the Mountain and Liang Zhu, Quju Liang Shanbo Attacking Books and Liang Shanbo Farewell Friends, Erxian Qin Liang Zhu and Hongluoshan, Yue Diao Liang Shanbo Farewell Friends, Ma Wencai's wedding, and folk art Henan Pendant Yingtai Downhill.
From June 5438 to February 2005, runan county was named "Liangzhu Town, China" by China Folk Writers and Artists Association. In June 2006, The Legend of Butterfly Lovers was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
Shangyu edition
When the Jin Dynasty moved south, the intellectuals followed, which became the first large-scale migration and multi-ethnic integration of the Han nationality in China history, which affected the political structure of the Han and Jin Dynasties and occupied the economic and cultural stage. Overseas Chinese are descendants of Wang, Xie, Sima, Yin, He, Yu, Huan, Xu, Cao, Jiang and Ruan Ji. The gentry in Jiangnan are Zhou, He and Gu. Huijicheng is "rich in people's wealth, rich in people's wealth, relative to princes and princesses, relative to houses". There was a woman named Zhu Yingtai in Jia Zhu, Shangyu, Huiji County, Jin Dynasty. She disguised herself as a man and went to Huiji City (Shaoxing) for a study tour. On the way, she met Liang Shanbo, a classmate who came together, and they walked together. Classmates for three years, deep feelings, but Liang Shanbo never knew that Zhu Yingtai was a daughter. When Liang Shanbo visited Zhu Yingtai in Shangyu, he realized that his best friend for three years was actually a daughter and wanted to propose to Jia Zhu. At this time, Zhu Yingtai has been betrothed to Ma Wencai. Later, when he was a county magistrate in Yin, he died of excessive depression. When Zhu Yingtai got married, he passed the cemetery of Liang Shanbo, and suddenly a strong wind blew, which hindered the progress of the wedding procession. Zhu Yingtai got off the sedan chair and went to visit Liang Shanbo's grave. Liang Shanbo's grave collapsed and cracked. Zhu Yingtai jumped into the grave, and then a pair of butterflies appeared in the grave. Both butterflies flew away and died.
Jia Zhu Village is the hometown of Zhu Yingtai. According to legend, Zhu Zu was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and later moved south to settle here. They used to teach in Shangyu County, and their descendants moved to all parts of Shangyu. The lyrics of China's first color opera film "butterfly lovers" are "Shangyu County, Zhujiazhuang, and Yushui River, there is a Zhu Yingtai with both talents and looks ..." According to records, there was a large-scale house in Zhujiajian Island Village, which was destroyed by war, with a living area of about 500 square meters and garden relics. There is a lake near the village called Qianjin Lake, where Jingui and Yin Gui embrace each other, and there are Bai Yun, pomegranate and other ancient trees. There are also ancestral temples and stone tablets that record the history of the Zhu family.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in Zhujiazhuang, Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province, there was a beautiful and intelligent Mrs. Nv Ying who studied poetry with her brother since childhood, admired the talents of Ban Zhao and Cai Wenji, hated the lack of good teachers at home, and wanted to study in Shaoxing City. Zhu Yingtai, eager to learn, disguised himself as a fortune teller and said, "It's best to let your love go out according to the result of divination." I hope my father sees his daughter Joe disguised as a man, and there is no flaw. In order to disappoint her, he had to reluctantly agree. British and Taiwan Province women disguised as men and went to Huiji to study. On the way, I met Liang Shanbo, a scholar from Huiji County, and they fell in love at first sight. They read each other happily, burned incense on the Caoqiao Pavilion, and made a just knot in Jin Lan. One day later, the two men came to the academy in Huiji County, where they joined the school. From then on, students read * * *, and they were inseparable. Liang Zhu studied in the deep sea for three years. Yingtai loved Sambo deeply, but Sambo never knew he was a woman. She only cares about brotherhood and has no special feelings. I wish my father misses his daughter. I am in a hurry to return home, so Yingtai has to hurry home. Liang Zhu broke up and was reluctant to go. On the way to the 18-mile farewell, Yingtai kept borrowing things to caress and hint at love. Shan Bo is honest and simple, and he doesn't know why. Yingtai is helpless. She lied that her nine sisters look similar to herself and are willing to be a matchmaker for Shanbo. However, due to Shanbo's poverty, she failed to arrive as scheduled. When Shanbo went to Jia Zhu to propose marriage, I didn't know that Zhu Fu had betrothed Yingtai to Ma Youcai, the son of the satrap who lived in Maoyicheng (now Yinxian). A happy marriage has become a shadow. The two met on the balcony, looked at each other with tears in their eyes and left sadly. When we leave, we make a vow: we can't live together, but we must die together! Later, Liang Shanbo was named Yin County (now Fenghua County) by the imperial court. However, Sambo became depressed and died soon. He was ordered to be buried in Kowloon Market, a trading city. Yingtai heard the bad news of Shanbo and vowed to die. When Yingtai was forced to get married, she made a detour to worship Liang Shanbo's tomb. Under the guidance of Zhu Yingtai's mourning, the tomb burst, Yingtai jumped into the tomb, the tomb reunited, the wind stopped raining, the rainbow hung high, and Liang Zhu turned into a butterfly, flying in the world.
Hangzhou edition
Liang Zhu, a classmate of Song Wan College, reads the Yue Opera Liang Zhu, which contains a lyric of "The Grass Bridge Becomes Righteousness", which is about Liang Shanbo.
On my way to study in Qiantang County, I met Zhu Yingtai, a woman disguised as a man. They met and became sworn brothers at Caoqiao, which refers to the Caoqiao Pavilion next to Wangjiangmen in Dongcheng, Hangzhou. According to legend, the place where Liang Zhu studied was Song Wan Academy near the West Lake, so people called it Liang Zhu Academy. Its predecessor was Hongzhi, which was changed to Song Wan Academy in the 11th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty and was destroyed in Chongzhen. After Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, it was converted into a literary academy.
Yixing edition
Yixing version in the Southern Dynasties, become a butterfly legend is deeply rooted. The earliest story about Liang Zhu in Yixing is The Story of Shanquan Temple, which was recorded in the second year of Qi Jianyuan in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (AD 480). It is said that Zhu Yingtai's old house is in Shanquan Temple in Yixing. He studied with Liang Zhu since childhood, and then went to Qilu and Soochow to study and visit friends, and gradually developed feelings. The legend of Liang Zhu was recorded in Yixing, and the plot of "become a butterfly" was also formed in Yixing, which is recognized by domestic academic circles. Yixing has names and sites such as Zhujiazhuang and Liangjiazhuang, as well as "Eighteen Gifts" sites such as Kannonji, Lotus Pond, Shuangjing and Jiuli Pavilion. Yixing customarily designated March 28th of the lunar calendar as "Butterfly Watching Festival", and named butterflies after Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai.
Weishan edition
Scholar-officials buried Liang Zhuxiu's tomb together. There is a "tombstone of Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai" in Ma Po Township, Weishan County, Jining City, which was built in the 11th year of Ming Zhengde (A.D. 15 16). According to the inscription, Zhu Yingtai lived in Jiuqu Village, Jining, and his father Zhu Yuanwei was very upset because he had no son. Zhu Yingtai disguised himself as a man to study to solve his father's worries. Liang Zhu has been with his classmates for three years. Liang Shanbo died at home and Zhu Yingtai died of grief. The literati were moved by their father's filial piety and devotion to Liang Ya, so they built a burial tomb for them. At present, the Confucius Temple in Qufu still has Liangzhu Reading Room, and there are sites such as Liangzhu Reading Cave and Liangzhu Temple on the mountain.
From ancient times to the present, the legend of Liang Zhu has spread widely and for a long time, involving many areas at home and abroad, and the content is roughly the same. However, the legend of butterfly lovers in Zhucheng has a unique flavor, which is true, beautiful, close, tragic and unique. This legend is roughly divided into three parts:
First of all, in Liangshan Tun Village, Xiangzhou Town, located in the north of Zhucheng City, the villagers claimed that Liang Shanbo was from Liangshan Tun. Legend has it that Liang Shanbo lived a rich life in his early years, and his father had a school. Unfortunately, he broke down from overwork and died in his thirties, leaving Shanbo and his mother alone, and his life gradually declined. Liang Shanbo's birth name is Bohaier. He was sickly since childhood, and his mother only hired short-term workers to manage a few acres of land in the family for a living. When Shanbo was sixteen, his mother saved some money for fear of missing her child's future, and sent him to the school in Xiaoliangshan, three miles northwest of the village. Because the school teacher is a good friend of Liang Shanbo's father, Shanbo is taken care of by his master everywhere in the school auditorium and his academic performance is very good.
The remains of the school auditorium on Liang Xiaoshan still exist, and the stone pier at the gate and the study bedroom are clearly distinguishable. It was here that Liang Shanbo met Zhu Yingtai, who disguised himself as a man to study. Two people live in the same room, are brothers, and have deep feelings. Three years passed until he finished his studies and went down the mountain. Shan Bo didn't realize the true identity of Yingtai and insisted on giving gifts to Zhu Xiandi. As they walked, they chatted and talked about their friendship. They went west all the way until they were sent to Xiaoshiqiao, north of Shiqiaozi Town, Zhucheng City, and were dissuaded by Yingtai. This is the famous 18 mile farewell.
The small stone bridge to the north of Shiqiaozi Town still exists today. This is a small suspension arch bridge. This stone bridge is smooth and still strong. From Xiaoliangshan 18 Li. On this small stone bridge, Yingtai faced her brother Liang, who had been together for three years, and her love was out of control. She proposed to marry Shanbo and act as matchmaker for her little nine sisters, and told Shanbo to propose marriage as soon as possible. After seeing Shanbo's promise, the two talents said goodbye.
When Shanbo returned to the mountain to say goodbye to Master, he learned from his mistress that Yingtai was Xiao Jiumei, and he hurried to Jia Zhu to propose to Master. Unexpectedly, Mr Zhu has betrothed Yingtai to Ma Wencai. When Mr. Wang learned that Mr. Zhu had forcibly betrothed Yingtai, even Yingtai was driven out of the house and did not meet him. When he got home, he felt remorse and was lovesick. He coughed all day and couldn't eat soup, so he couldn't afford to get sick. His symptoms today are tuberculosis. Uncle Shan was terminally ill. He told his mother, "Don't bury me anywhere else after I die, just bury me on the north bank of Zhangli River." Because he knew that Ma Wencai's home was in Majiazhuangzi Village, Guanzhuang Town, Anqiu City, where Yingtai had to get married, and she wanted to see Yingtai again after her death. In this way, Hou Shanbo died at the age of nineteen. According to what her son told her, Liang Mu buried Shanbo in Zhangli Village, Shiqiaozi Town, on the north bank of the canal.
Secondly, in Zhujialou Village, west of Shiqiaozi Town, Zhucheng City, the villagers are also said to be the daughter of Zhu Yuanwei in the village. There are four Zhujialou people living in the four corners of Zhujialou Village, corresponding to the fourth floor, and Zhu Yuanwei lives in the northeast building. At that time, Zhu's children ranked first, and Yingtai was in the women's line nine, nicknamed Jiuhonger. Because Zhu's children had no children and daughters, Yingtai couldn't help begging, so she agreed that Yingtai women disguised as men and went to Xiaoliangshan to study.
After Yingtai went up the mountain, she concealed her true identity. Two years later, no one noticed. It was not until the end of the third year that she caught a glimpse of some clues. When I saw that Yingtai was different from others at my convenience, I told my wife to squat even if I had to pee. My hostess secretly noticed and found Yingtai's daughter. After thinking for a long time, Master said, "Anyway, I will soon end my career. I'd better keep it quiet, because it will ruin people's reputation. " That's why Yingtai was able to go down the mountain safely.
Zhu Yingtai returned home, only to know that his father had made a promise to get married, but Chanbo came to propose, which was rejected by his father. So he spent a day in Lacrimosa, and then he heard that Chanbo died of double suicide and was buried in the north bank of Zhangli River, that is, he didn't eat for three days, and tried his best to pester the dowry and delay the wedding. Until he got married, he proposed that he must get off the sedan chair on the north bank of Zhangli River to pay homage to Xiong Liang's dead, otherwise he would never get on the sedan chair, and then he was split and buried.
But what is puzzling is that in today's Zhujialou village, everyone surnamed Zhu denies that there is Yingtai, let alone Zhujialou. For many years, all dramas, movies and drum words that show the content of "Butterfly Lovers" are not allowed to perform in the village, and those surnamed Zhu are not allowed to listen in other villages, which continues the custom that Butterfly Lovers never marry. According to another villager, Jia Zhu thinks that a woman without a tutor like Zhu Yingtai is degrading, so she is not allowed to make public. Such denial and practice just confirm that Zhu Yingtai is indeed a Zhujialou.
3. On the north bank of the North Canal in Zhangli Village, Shiqiaozi Town, Zhucheng City, there is an old roadside leading to Majiazhuangzi Village, Guanzhuang Town, Anqiu City. There is a big tomb that stands tall on the mound, with two roofs standing side by side, surrounded by weeds and covered with grass. Standing on the tomb, you can see the canal river in the south, Anqiu in the north, and pedestrians in the east and west. This is Liangzhu Tomb. According to people in Zhangli Village, this is where Liang Zhu became a butterfly. There are two kinds of legends. One is that it was sunny on Zhu Yingtai's wedding day. As soon as the sedan chair arrived at the ancient road west of Tsukiji City, a strong wind suddenly blew. Yingtai asked to leave the sedan chair to pay homage to the dead of Xiong Liang. Arriving at the grave, Yingtai looked at Xiong Liang's stone tablet, heartbroken and in tears. After telling the story of Xiong Liang's feelings, he crashed into a stone tablet and died, so his family buried Yingtai here. It is said that the tomb was indeed cracked and Yingtai got in, so two butterflies flew out and chased Ma Wencai around the tomb, pulling out a big circle of thorns in the cemetery. Look carefully at the tomb, there are indeed layers of thistles.
Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), also known as "Jing Jie", was known as Mr. Jing Jie. Chaisang people in Xunyang. A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.