According to a famous professor in China, with the advent of the information age, in China's large state-owned enterprises, in addition to the three important control positions of chief engineer, chief economist and chief accountant, a management position of chief information officer (cio) should be added, whose power is not inferior to the first three, so as to comprehensively plan and lead the informatization construction and information management of the enterprise. This proposal not only properly points out the position of information management in modern enterprise management, but also highlights the information management institutions in modern enterprises. As for how to formulate and standardize the responsibility scope and management authority of information management organizations under the leadership of chief information officers, it needs to be comprehensively considered from a strategic perspective and the fundamental interests of enterprises. There may be no ready-made experience to follow at this stage.
Another important aspect of the responsibility authorization of enterprise information management institutions is the whole process of enterprise management information system construction. The construction of enterprise information system generally needs to go through management mode investigation, system management demand analysis, enterprise strategic data planning, system overall design, system detailed design and development, system testing and acceptance evaluation, and finally user training and system operation and maintenance. In every link of this process, a lot of planning, organization, coordination, command and control are needed; In particular, the information system developed by information engineering requires the end users of the system to participate in the system construction from beginning to end. You know, it is impossible for the whole enterprise to stop all its business because it needs to build a management information system. All employees, especially the business backbone of various functional management departments, have their own jobs, and participating in the development of the system is only outside their duties. They (especially the business backbone) have limited time to participate in the system construction, and the leaders of various departments are influenced by their own level or considering local interests. There are different views on the construction of information system, so the enthusiasm of work cooperation (accurately speaking, the information management department should cooperate with their work, because the system is ultimately used by them as a tool to serve users) is also different. In this case, the information management organization responsible for system construction must have sufficient power and resources to perform the above duties. Only in this way can we mobilize all positive factors within the enterprise, form a certain degree of coordination and restriction mechanism, and ensure the smooth progress of the system construction process.
Another aspect that needs to be raised is the authorization of the project manager. In the information system construction, some enterprises entrust the system construction task in the form of contract projects, and select development contractors from outside the enterprise through bidding. In this case, in order to implement the management and control of contract projects, enterprises usually need to appoint an owner's project manager equivalent to the contractor's project manager. The owner's project manager can't be the chief information officer standing at the height of enterprise strategic decision-making, but as an independent person in charge of the project, in the strict sense of project management, his responsibility is quite heavy, from personnel organization, project funding sources, project planning, technical route selection, contractor management, project quality progress and cost control, project stage acceptance and final acceptance, and even system operation and maintenance during the warranty period, he needs to personally participate in the organization and command. Therefore, the project manager must also have the corresponding power to perform his duties, otherwise the project schedule can not be effectively controlled.
Regarding the quality of employees, employees are the most active and active factors in the productivity of enterprises. Employees can not only become the source of strength for enterprise prosperity, but also become the chief culprit for enterprise bankruptcy. Human factors also play a decisive role in the construction of management information system. At each stage of system construction, higher requirements are put forward for the quality of personnel in different positions of enterprises.
First, the requirements for enterprise decision makers
For decision-makers, it is first necessary to understand the importance of building management information system from a strategic perspective, but it is not enough to do this. We should also attach importance to and know how to attach importance to the construction of the system. Some enterprise decision makers may attach too much importance to production, spend almost all their time on production management, or be limited by the environment, their own experience and vision, fail to see the development trend of modern enterprise management, and do not understand the strategic significance of information management to enterprise development; On the other hand, although the decision-makers know the importance of using computers for information management and are determined to establish a management information system, they don't know how to attach importance to this work, and they can't really attach importance to it without knowing it. Some leaders even think that information system construction is to buy computers or build networks, which is a matter for computer professionals. At most, they can send a few people to give some cooperation, but they don't understand the general idea of enterprise informatization and do a good job in the high-level conception and planning of the system. If one of the above two situations occurs in the process of information system construction, it can be said with certainty that the system has more than half the possibility of failure. As the saying goes, enterprise decision makers are the "bull's nose" of information system construction. He must always pay attention to the dynamics of system construction, and if necessary, he needs to personally arrange work, put forward requirements, and coordinate and deal with problems or difficulties that others can't solve.
Second, the requirements for middle-level leaders or managers of enterprises.
Middle-level leaders and managers in enterprises are the core strength of information system construction. First of all, they are the bridge to realize information communication between the upper and lower levels of enterprises. They are not only the executors of tasks assigned by decision makers, but also the task makers of grass-roots management or production personnel in enterprises. They also play a functional role in the construction of information systems. Secondly, middle-level leaders or managers are generally promoted to their present posts after working at the grassroots level for a period of time. They are most familiar with the business content and process of the enterprise, and have certain analytical ability and working ideas. What is needed in the demand analysis stage of information system construction is their experience and background in this field; Secondly, the middle-level personnel of enterprises are also one of the main users of information systems in the future. They need to get their own information from the system, so as to carry out necessary analysis and processing, and provide all aspects of decision-making basis for enterprise decision-makers. Sometimes they also need to make their own decisions, so their expectations for the system may be the highest, and their requirements should be the most specific and comprehensive. Finally, middle-level personnel generally hold some real powers in enterprises, and they can use these powers to promote the construction and use of the system in many ways to achieve some unexpected participation effects.
To sum up, the construction of enterprise information system depends to a great extent on the professional quality of middle-level leaders or managers, the grasp and understanding of the significance of information system, and the enthusiasm and attitude towards information system construction. If they can treat it correctly, the success of the system construction will be greatly grasped and guaranteed.
Three. Requirements for grass-roots managers of enterprises
Grass-roots managers of enterprises can also play a very important role in the construction and application of information systems. First of all, they are the direct providers and recorders of the basic data of information systems. Without these data, there is no value-added data, so there is no information. Second, the grass-roots managers are the executors of the tasks assigned by the middle managers. In the system construction stage, middle managers often can't spare enough time to participate in the system construction work, and in many cases, they may assign grass-roots personnel to participate in the work cooperation. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly understand and implement the thoughts and intentions of superiors and report to them frequently so that the system construction will not go astray; Third, grass-roots managers must have some basic knowledge of computers and management information systems and the ability to analyze and handle business, because they are the main operators of the system, and they should not only be able to correctly handle daily problems, but also be able to make suggestions on the modification and improvement of the system from a certain height. They are a key to the vitality of the system.
Four, other requirements for the quality of personnel
The construction of management information system is the business of the whole enterprise, and all employees of the enterprise have the responsibility to undertake what they can. In addition to personal ability, there is also a problem of improving ideological awareness and concepts, and strive to cultivate and improve their legal awareness, risk awareness, cooperation awareness, scientific awareness and so on. Everyone should actively follow the trend of the times, be brave in reforming or abandoning some bad and outdated work habits or practices, and explore new ways to improve management level. For system staff who are directly engaged in system design, development, maintenance or management, system users have high expectations for their work. They should always pay attention to improving their professional quality, do their essential jobs well and ensure the normal and orderly progress of the project.
To sum up, authorization and employee quality in enterprise informatization work are indeed a pair of contradictions. How to ensure full authorization and ensure that employees have the same quality as authorization requires us to constantly explore in practice. If this problem is not solved well, it will restrict the realization of the goal of informatization construction.